Sulphur and its significance in higher pulse production
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
May 29, 2022
Monika Reddy Kodavali
MPS Khurana
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-9498
MPS Khurana
Abstract
Sulphur is one of the emerging plant nutrients, required for pulse crops. After nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, it is forth key nutrient for plant nutrition. It is taken up by the plants in the form of sulphates form from the soil. The factors that are responsible for the wide spread deficiency of sulphur are excess use of high analysis fertilizers, inadequate use of crop residue, high yielding varieties of crops and its removal of sulphur by the crops. Sulphur plays a pivotal role in overall pulse production, by synthesis of sulphur containing amino acids, enhancing protein content, nodule formation and plant biomass. However, the requirement of sulphur for effective crop production is not showing promising trend. Comparing the sources of sulphur fertilizers, gypsum showed its superiority by producing high grain and straw yield in pulses. In some of the field experiments on pulses, addition of sulphur @30kg and 40kgof S/ha along with the recommended dose, increased the growth (plant height and number of branches) and yield and quality parameters (grain yield and protein content). This review highlights the different response of crops to Sulphur application, sources, uptake and its interactions with other nutrients for profitable crop production. Moreover, it provides new insights to revisit the significance of sulphur in higher pulse production.
How to Cite
Reddy Kodavali, M., & Khurana, M. . (2022). Sulphur and its significance in higher pulse production . Environment Conservation Journal, 23(3), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.9072164
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Sulphur, sources, pulses, deficiency, levels protein, sulphates, crop production
References
Abdin, M. Z., Ahmad, A., Khan, N., Khan, I., Jamal, A., & Iqbal, M. (2003). Sulphur interaction with other nutrients. In Sulphur in plants (pp. 359-374). Springer, Dordrecht.
Aulakh, M. S. (2003). Crop responses to sulphur nutrition. In Sulphur in plants (pp. 341- 358). Springer, Dordrecht.
Aulakh, M. S., Sharma, P. U. S. H. P., & Singh, G. (2005). Nutrient dynamics and their efficient use in pulse crops. Agrotech Publishing Academy, Udaipur, India, 241-278.
Aulakh, M.S., B.S Sidhu, B.R Arora and Bhajan-Singh. (1985). Content and uptake of nutrients by pulses and oilseed crops, Indian Journal of Ecology 12 (2): 238-242. crops, 12(2), 238-242.
Banik, N. C., & Sengupta, K. (2012). Effect of sulphur on growth and yield of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Journal of crop and weed, 8(1), 109-110.
Badruddin, M., &Karmoker, J. L. (2001). The effect of sulphur deficiency on ion accumulation with special reference to 15 N and 35 S transport in chickpea. In Plant Nutrition (pp. 116-117). Springer, Dordrecht.
Dhamak, A. L., Meshram, N. A., &Waikar, S. L. (2014). Comparative studies on dynamics soil properties and forms of sulphur in oilseed growing soils of Ambajogai Tahsil of Beed district. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7(12), 98-102.
Dhillon, N. S., & Dev, G. (1980). Studies on S nutrition of soybean (Glycine max L.) from three sulphate sources. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 28(3), 361-365.
Dhillon, N. S., Dev, G., &Hundal, H. S. (1978). Evaluation of three sulphur carriers in sulphur nutrition of soybean (Glycine max. Merril) [India]. Note. Indian Journal of Ecology.
Dwivedi, K. N., Chandra, P., & Pandey, D. C. (1996). Relative efficacy of sulphur carriers on yield of and nutrients uptake by black gram. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 44(4), 790-791.
Freney, J. R. (1986). Forms and reactions of organic sulfur compounds in soils. Sulfur in agriculture, 27, 207-232.
Ganeshamurthy, A. N., & Sammi Reddy, K. (2000). Effect of Integrated Use of Farmyard Manure and Sulphur in a Soybean and Wheat Cropping System on Nodulation, Dry Matter Production and Chlorophyll Content of Soybean on Swell?Shrink Soils in Central India. Journal of Agronomy and crop science, 185(2), 91-97.
Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Subba Rao, A., & Sammi Reddy, K. (1994). Phosphorus and sulphur constraints for soybean-wheat and gram production on some swell-shrink soils. Agropedology, 4, 99-106.
Hedge TM. (1980). Evaluation of S status of different rice soils. Mysore. J Agric. Sci, 14:171-176.
Jamal, A., Moon, Y. S., &ZainulAbdin, M. (2010). Enzyme activity assessment of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) under slow-release sulphur fertilization. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(3), 169-174.
Khandkar, U. R., Shinde, D. A., Kandalkak, V. S., Jamley, N. R., & Jain, N. K. (1985). Growth, nodulation and yield of rainfed black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) as influenced by phosphate and sulphur fertilization in vertisol. Indian J. Plant Physiol, 28(4), 311-322.
Khurana, M. P. S., Sadana, U. S.&Bijay – Singh (2008). Sulfur Nutrition of Crops in the Indo?Gangetic Plains of South Asia. Sulfur: A missing link between soils, crops, and nutrition, 50, 11-24.DOI:10.2134/agronmonogr50.c2.
Khurana, M., & Bansal, R. (2007). Sulphur management in moong (Phaseolus aureus L.) and raya (Brassica juncea L.) crops. Acta AgronomicaHungarica, 55(4), 437-445. Doi: 10.1556/AAgr.55.2007.4.
Khurana, M. P. S., Nayyar, V. K., Bansal, R. L., & AgriculturalUniv, P. (2004). Sulphur management in moong (Phaseolus aureus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science (Pakistan).
Khurana, M. P. S., Nayyar, V. K., Sidhu, B. S., & Gill, M. S. (2003). Response of raya and ghobisarson to sulphur in Punjab. Fertilizer News, 48(7), 39-42.
Mahto, S. N., Singh, K. P., Singh, S., & Singh, B. P. (1992). Total and available sulphur in some soils of Chotanagpur area of Bihar in relation to soil properties. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 40(4), 846-847.
McNeill, A. M., Eriksen, J., Bergström, L., Smith, K. A., Marstorp, H., Kirchmann, H., & Nilsson, I. (2005). Nitrogen and sulphur management: challenges for organic sources in temperate agricultural systems. Soil Use and Management, 21(1), 82-93.
Mohanty, S., & Satyasai, K. J. (2015). Feeling the pulse, Indian pulses sector. NABARD Rural Pulse, 10, 1-4.
Olson, R. A., &Engelstad, O. P. (1972). Soil phosphorus and sulfur. National Research Council. Committee on Tropical Soils. soils of the Humid Tropics.
Patel, A. K., Nath, T., Prajapati, A., Singh, V. K., & Pandey, S. K. (2018). Effect of doses and sources of sulphur on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under rainfed condition of Vindhyan Soil. J PharmacogPhytochem, 1, 91-94.
Patel, H. R., Patel, H. F., Maheriya, V. D., &Dodia, I. N. (2013). Response of kharif green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] to sulphur and phosphorus fertilization with and without biofertilizer application. The bioscan, 8(1), 149-152.
Poorani, B. (1992). Radiotracer studies on the interaction effects of application of P and S on available nutrients, yield and quality of greengram. M. Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Rao, A. S., &Ganeshamurthy, A. N. (1994). Soybean responses to applied phosphorus and sulphur on Vertic Ustochrepts in relation to available phosphorus and sulphur. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 42(4), 606-610.
Ram, H., & Dwivedi, K. N. (1992). Effect of Sulphur sources on yield and uptake of some major nutrients by chickpea. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 40(2), 388-389.
Reddy KB, Rajagopal V, Sitaramayya M. (1988). Response of groundnut to Sulphur application in some soils of Ananthpur district of Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Agric. J, 35, 86-91.
Rego, T. J., Sahrawat, K. L., Wani, S. P., &Pardhasaradhi, G. (2007). Widespread deficiencies of sulfur, boron, and zinc in Indian semi-arid tropical soils: On-farm crop responses. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30(10), 1569-1583.
Saraf, C. S. (1988). Sulphur fertilization of pulses for yield and quality. In TSI-FAI Symposium, New Delhi (India), 9-11 Mar 1988. Sulphur Institute.
Schoenau, J. J., & Malhi, S. S. (2008). Sulfur forms and cycling processes in soil and their relationship to sulfur fertility. Sulfur: A missing link between soils, crops, and nutrition, 50, 1-10.
Scherer, H. W., Pacyna, S., Manthey, N., & Schulz, M. (2006). Sulphur supply to peas (Pisum sativum L.) influences symbiotic N2 fixation. Plant, Soil and Environment-UZPI (Czech Republic). 52 (2), 72-7.
Sen, P., Hansda, S., & Roy, S. (2006, October). Sulphur in balanced fertilization in urdbean-mustard cropping system in soils of Murshidabad district of West Bengal. In Proceeding of TSI/FAI/IFA symposium-cum-workshop on Sulphur, New Delhi (pp. 4-5).
Singh, S.(2000).Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and black gram (Phaseolus mungo) grown in rotation to sulphur fertilization in acid soil. Indian Journal Agricultural Sciences,68, 341-343.
Singh, D., &Chhibba, I. M. (1991). Evaluation of some sources of sulphur using maize and wheat as test crops. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 39(3), 514-516.
Singh, S., & Singh, S. K. (2016). Use of indigenous sources of sulphur in soils of eastern India for higher crops yield and quality: A review. Agricultural Reviews, 37(2), 117-124.
Singh, N., Subbiah, B. V., & Gupta, Y. P. (1970). Effect of sulphur fertilization on the chemical composition of groundnut and mustard. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 15(1), 24-8.
Singh, S. K., Dey, P., Singh, S., Sharma, P. K., Singh, Y. V., Latare, A. M., ... & Verma, S. S. (2015). Emergence of boron and sulphur deficiency in soils of Chandauli, Mirzapur, Sant Ravidas Nagar and Varanasi districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 63(2), 200-208.
Singh, Y. P., & Aggarwal, R. L. (1998). Effect of sulphur sources and levels on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 43(3), 448-452.
Singh Shivay, Y., Prasad, R., & Pal, M. (2014). Effect of levels and sources of sulfur on yield, sulfur and nitrogen concentration and uptake and S-use efficiency in basmati rice. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 45(18), 2468-2479.
Singh, S., Singh, K. P., Rana, N. K., & Sarkar, A. K. (1993). Forms of sulphur in some Ranchi soils of Chotanagpur. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 41(3), 562-563.
Singh, S., Singh, A. P., & Singh, B. (1992). Direct and residual effect of pyrites on yield, protein content and S uptake by black gram and lentil in Entisol. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 40(3), 584-585.
Singh, J. P., Tarafdar, I. C., & Gupta, B. R. (1997). Sulphur fertilization for increased production of summer moong [Vigna radiata L.]. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 45(3), 526-528.
Singh, M., and R.C. Tiwari. (1985). Response of oilseed crops to fertilizers in dryland agriculture. p. 147–159. In Proceedings of FAI-NR Seminar, Varanasi. Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi.
Spencer, D., Rerie, W. G., Randall, P. J., & Higgins, T. J. V. (1990). The regulation of pea seed storage protein genes by sulfur stress. Functional Plant Biology, 17(3), 355-363.
Tandon, H. L. S., & Messick, D. L. (2002). Practical Sulphur Guide: By HLS Tandon and DL Messick. Sulphur Institute.
Tandon, H. L. S. Messick. D. L. (2007). Practical Sulphur Guide. The Sulphur Institute. Washington DC, USA, 13.
Tiwari, R. C. (1995). Soil sulphur status and crop responses to sulfur application in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Sulphur in Agriculture, 19, 21-25.
Tripati, N. (2003). Role of FCO in promoting quality secondary and micronutrients. Fertiliser News, 48(4), 111-114.
Tripathi, B. C., Singh, R. S., & Mishra, V. K. (1997). Effect of Sand Zn Nutrition on Yield and Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of the Indian society of Soil Science, 45(1), 123-126.
Vidyalakshmi, R., Paranthaman, R., &Bhakyaraj, R. (2009). Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria and Pulse Nutrition- A Review. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(3), 270-278.
Aulakh, M. S. (2003). Crop responses to sulphur nutrition. In Sulphur in plants (pp. 341- 358). Springer, Dordrecht.
Aulakh, M. S., Sharma, P. U. S. H. P., & Singh, G. (2005). Nutrient dynamics and their efficient use in pulse crops. Agrotech Publishing Academy, Udaipur, India, 241-278.
Aulakh, M.S., B.S Sidhu, B.R Arora and Bhajan-Singh. (1985). Content and uptake of nutrients by pulses and oilseed crops, Indian Journal of Ecology 12 (2): 238-242. crops, 12(2), 238-242.
Banik, N. C., & Sengupta, K. (2012). Effect of sulphur on growth and yield of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Journal of crop and weed, 8(1), 109-110.
Badruddin, M., &Karmoker, J. L. (2001). The effect of sulphur deficiency on ion accumulation with special reference to 15 N and 35 S transport in chickpea. In Plant Nutrition (pp. 116-117). Springer, Dordrecht.
Dhamak, A. L., Meshram, N. A., &Waikar, S. L. (2014). Comparative studies on dynamics soil properties and forms of sulphur in oilseed growing soils of Ambajogai Tahsil of Beed district. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7(12), 98-102.
Dhillon, N. S., & Dev, G. (1980). Studies on S nutrition of soybean (Glycine max L.) from three sulphate sources. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 28(3), 361-365.
Dhillon, N. S., Dev, G., &Hundal, H. S. (1978). Evaluation of three sulphur carriers in sulphur nutrition of soybean (Glycine max. Merril) [India]. Note. Indian Journal of Ecology.
Dwivedi, K. N., Chandra, P., & Pandey, D. C. (1996). Relative efficacy of sulphur carriers on yield of and nutrients uptake by black gram. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 44(4), 790-791.
Freney, J. R. (1986). Forms and reactions of organic sulfur compounds in soils. Sulfur in agriculture, 27, 207-232.
Ganeshamurthy, A. N., & Sammi Reddy, K. (2000). Effect of Integrated Use of Farmyard Manure and Sulphur in a Soybean and Wheat Cropping System on Nodulation, Dry Matter Production and Chlorophyll Content of Soybean on Swell?Shrink Soils in Central India. Journal of Agronomy and crop science, 185(2), 91-97.
Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Subba Rao, A., & Sammi Reddy, K. (1994). Phosphorus and sulphur constraints for soybean-wheat and gram production on some swell-shrink soils. Agropedology, 4, 99-106.
Hedge TM. (1980). Evaluation of S status of different rice soils. Mysore. J Agric. Sci, 14:171-176.
Jamal, A., Moon, Y. S., &ZainulAbdin, M. (2010). Enzyme activity assessment of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) under slow-release sulphur fertilization. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(3), 169-174.
Khandkar, U. R., Shinde, D. A., Kandalkak, V. S., Jamley, N. R., & Jain, N. K. (1985). Growth, nodulation and yield of rainfed black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) as influenced by phosphate and sulphur fertilization in vertisol. Indian J. Plant Physiol, 28(4), 311-322.
Khurana, M. P. S., Sadana, U. S.&Bijay – Singh (2008). Sulfur Nutrition of Crops in the Indo?Gangetic Plains of South Asia. Sulfur: A missing link between soils, crops, and nutrition, 50, 11-24.DOI:10.2134/agronmonogr50.c2.
Khurana, M., & Bansal, R. (2007). Sulphur management in moong (Phaseolus aureus L.) and raya (Brassica juncea L.) crops. Acta AgronomicaHungarica, 55(4), 437-445. Doi: 10.1556/AAgr.55.2007.4.
Khurana, M. P. S., Nayyar, V. K., Bansal, R. L., & AgriculturalUniv, P. (2004). Sulphur management in moong (Phaseolus aureus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science (Pakistan).
Khurana, M. P. S., Nayyar, V. K., Sidhu, B. S., & Gill, M. S. (2003). Response of raya and ghobisarson to sulphur in Punjab. Fertilizer News, 48(7), 39-42.
Mahto, S. N., Singh, K. P., Singh, S., & Singh, B. P. (1992). Total and available sulphur in some soils of Chotanagpur area of Bihar in relation to soil properties. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 40(4), 846-847.
McNeill, A. M., Eriksen, J., Bergström, L., Smith, K. A., Marstorp, H., Kirchmann, H., & Nilsson, I. (2005). Nitrogen and sulphur management: challenges for organic sources in temperate agricultural systems. Soil Use and Management, 21(1), 82-93.
Mohanty, S., & Satyasai, K. J. (2015). Feeling the pulse, Indian pulses sector. NABARD Rural Pulse, 10, 1-4.
Olson, R. A., &Engelstad, O. P. (1972). Soil phosphorus and sulfur. National Research Council. Committee on Tropical Soils. soils of the Humid Tropics.
Patel, A. K., Nath, T., Prajapati, A., Singh, V. K., & Pandey, S. K. (2018). Effect of doses and sources of sulphur on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under rainfed condition of Vindhyan Soil. J PharmacogPhytochem, 1, 91-94.
Patel, H. R., Patel, H. F., Maheriya, V. D., &Dodia, I. N. (2013). Response of kharif green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] to sulphur and phosphorus fertilization with and without biofertilizer application. The bioscan, 8(1), 149-152.
Poorani, B. (1992). Radiotracer studies on the interaction effects of application of P and S on available nutrients, yield and quality of greengram. M. Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Rao, A. S., &Ganeshamurthy, A. N. (1994). Soybean responses to applied phosphorus and sulphur on Vertic Ustochrepts in relation to available phosphorus and sulphur. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 42(4), 606-610.
Ram, H., & Dwivedi, K. N. (1992). Effect of Sulphur sources on yield and uptake of some major nutrients by chickpea. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 40(2), 388-389.
Reddy KB, Rajagopal V, Sitaramayya M. (1988). Response of groundnut to Sulphur application in some soils of Ananthpur district of Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Agric. J, 35, 86-91.
Rego, T. J., Sahrawat, K. L., Wani, S. P., &Pardhasaradhi, G. (2007). Widespread deficiencies of sulfur, boron, and zinc in Indian semi-arid tropical soils: On-farm crop responses. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30(10), 1569-1583.
Saraf, C. S. (1988). Sulphur fertilization of pulses for yield and quality. In TSI-FAI Symposium, New Delhi (India), 9-11 Mar 1988. Sulphur Institute.
Schoenau, J. J., & Malhi, S. S. (2008). Sulfur forms and cycling processes in soil and their relationship to sulfur fertility. Sulfur: A missing link between soils, crops, and nutrition, 50, 1-10.
Scherer, H. W., Pacyna, S., Manthey, N., & Schulz, M. (2006). Sulphur supply to peas (Pisum sativum L.) influences symbiotic N2 fixation. Plant, Soil and Environment-UZPI (Czech Republic). 52 (2), 72-7.
Sen, P., Hansda, S., & Roy, S. (2006, October). Sulphur in balanced fertilization in urdbean-mustard cropping system in soils of Murshidabad district of West Bengal. In Proceeding of TSI/FAI/IFA symposium-cum-workshop on Sulphur, New Delhi (pp. 4-5).
Singh, S.(2000).Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and black gram (Phaseolus mungo) grown in rotation to sulphur fertilization in acid soil. Indian Journal Agricultural Sciences,68, 341-343.
Singh, D., &Chhibba, I. M. (1991). Evaluation of some sources of sulphur using maize and wheat as test crops. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 39(3), 514-516.
Singh, S., & Singh, S. K. (2016). Use of indigenous sources of sulphur in soils of eastern India for higher crops yield and quality: A review. Agricultural Reviews, 37(2), 117-124.
Singh, N., Subbiah, B. V., & Gupta, Y. P. (1970). Effect of sulphur fertilization on the chemical composition of groundnut and mustard. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 15(1), 24-8.
Singh, S. K., Dey, P., Singh, S., Sharma, P. K., Singh, Y. V., Latare, A. M., ... & Verma, S. S. (2015). Emergence of boron and sulphur deficiency in soils of Chandauli, Mirzapur, Sant Ravidas Nagar and Varanasi districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 63(2), 200-208.
Singh, Y. P., & Aggarwal, R. L. (1998). Effect of sulphur sources and levels on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 43(3), 448-452.
Singh Shivay, Y., Prasad, R., & Pal, M. (2014). Effect of levels and sources of sulfur on yield, sulfur and nitrogen concentration and uptake and S-use efficiency in basmati rice. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 45(18), 2468-2479.
Singh, S., Singh, K. P., Rana, N. K., & Sarkar, A. K. (1993). Forms of sulphur in some Ranchi soils of Chotanagpur. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 41(3), 562-563.
Singh, S., Singh, A. P., & Singh, B. (1992). Direct and residual effect of pyrites on yield, protein content and S uptake by black gram and lentil in Entisol. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 40(3), 584-585.
Singh, J. P., Tarafdar, I. C., & Gupta, B. R. (1997). Sulphur fertilization for increased production of summer moong [Vigna radiata L.]. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 45(3), 526-528.
Singh, M., and R.C. Tiwari. (1985). Response of oilseed crops to fertilizers in dryland agriculture. p. 147–159. In Proceedings of FAI-NR Seminar, Varanasi. Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi.
Spencer, D., Rerie, W. G., Randall, P. J., & Higgins, T. J. V. (1990). The regulation of pea seed storage protein genes by sulfur stress. Functional Plant Biology, 17(3), 355-363.
Tandon, H. L. S., & Messick, D. L. (2002). Practical Sulphur Guide: By HLS Tandon and DL Messick. Sulphur Institute.
Tandon, H. L. S. Messick. D. L. (2007). Practical Sulphur Guide. The Sulphur Institute. Washington DC, USA, 13.
Tiwari, R. C. (1995). Soil sulphur status and crop responses to sulfur application in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Sulphur in Agriculture, 19, 21-25.
Tripati, N. (2003). Role of FCO in promoting quality secondary and micronutrients. Fertiliser News, 48(4), 111-114.
Tripathi, B. C., Singh, R. S., & Mishra, V. K. (1997). Effect of Sand Zn Nutrition on Yield and Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of the Indian society of Soil Science, 45(1), 123-126.
Vidyalakshmi, R., Paranthaman, R., &Bhakyaraj, R. (2009). Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria and Pulse Nutrition- A Review. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(3), 270-278.
Section
Original Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
