Investigation of the impacts of industrial towns on urban rivers through physicochemical analysis of water quality and the water quality index (WQI)
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Published
Jan 15, 2024
Subodh Kasulkar
Mahendra Thakre
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the pollution status of Erai and Zarpat rivers flowing through industrial Chandrapur City, Maharashtra, India. The obtained data of physicochemical parameters were processed to calculate Water Quality Index (WQI). The obtained data revealed that the physicochemical parameters such as turbidity (20.2-28.7 NTU), hardness (236-276 mg/l), total dissolved solids (1586-1730 mg/l), nitrates (49-53 mg/l), phosphate (0.7-0.9 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (53.2-69.2 mg/l) and biochemical oxygen demand (19-22 mg/l) were beyond the permissible limits of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS).The concentrations of toxic metals viz. cadmium (0,006-0.008 mg/l), lead (0.03-0.05 mg/l), arsenic (0.0-0.03 mg/l) and molybdenum (0.05-0.07 mg/l) in river water were also recorded higher than permissible limits of BIS. The WQI values of both the rivers at different sampling stations ranged from 144 to 220 indicating poor to very poor water quality. The sources of pollution in both the rivers were disposal of fly ash, mining, disposal of treated and untreated domestic and industrial effluent due to lack of sewage treatment plants (STPs), effluent treatment plant (ETP), and common effluent treatment plant (CETP). Therefore, there is a need of construction of STP, ETP, CETP, proper disposal of fly ash, and desludging of rivers at regular intervals.
How to Cite
Kasulkar, S., & Thakre, M. (2024). Investigation of the impacts of industrial towns on urban rivers through physicochemical analysis of water quality and the water quality index (WQI). Environment Conservation Journal. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.26762652
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Keywords
Irrigation Water Standard, Industrial Effluent, Pollution, Sewage, Water Quality Index
References
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Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Ruhela, M. (2021). Effect of composition and depth of filter-bed on the efficiency of Sand-intermittent-filter treating the Industrial wastewater at Haridwar, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 88-94.
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Singh, S. J., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2009). Numerical interdependence in pH, acidity and alkalinity of a polluted river water. Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(5), 773-775.
Su, S., Li, D., Zhang, Q., Xiao, R., Huang, F., Wu, J. (2011). Temporal trend and source apportionment of wate pollution in different functional zones of Qiantang River, China. Water Research, 45, 1781–1795.
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Tyagi, S., Dubey, R. C., Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2020). Multivariate Statistical analysis of river ganga water at Rishikesh and Haridwar, India. Analytical Chemistry Letters, 10(2), 195-213.
Warhate, S. R. & Patel, P. R. (2016). Effect of coal mine effluents on population of fishes in River Erai. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 6(4), 44-46.
Bai, X.Y., Zhu, X.F., Jiang, H.B., Wang, Z.Q., He, C.G., Sheng, L.X., & Zhuang, J. (2020). Purification effect of sequential constructed wetland for the polluted water in urban river. Water, 12, 1054.
Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2018). Efficiency assessment of Sand Intermittent Filtration Technology for waste water Treatment. International Journal of advance research in science and engineering (IJARSE), 7(03), 503-512.
Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Ram, K. (2021). Quality assessment of groundwater at laksar block, haridwar in uttarakhand, India using water quality index: a case study. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 197-203.
Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Ruhela, M. (2021). Effect of composition and depth of filter-bed on the efficiency of Sand-intermittent-filter treating the Industrial wastewater at Haridwar, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 88-94.
Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., Tyagi, V., & Ram, K. (2018). Evaluation of water quality of River Malin using water quality index (WQI) at Najibabad, Bijnor (UP) India. Environment Conservation Journal, 19(1&2), 191-201.
Bojago, E., Tyagi, I., Ahamad, F., & Chandniha, S. K. (2023). GIS based spatial-temporal distribution of water quality parameters and heavy metals in drinking water: Ecological and health modeling. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 103399.
Cavalcante, D., Caldini, N. N., Lucinda, J., Lima, F. R. dos S., & Carmo-e-Sa, M. V. (2014). Imbalances in the hardness/alkalinity ratio of water and Nile tilapias growth performance. Acta Scientiarum Technology, 36(1), 49-54.
CAG, Comptroller and Auditor General of India. (2011-12). Performance Audit of Water Pollution in India. CAG Report No. 21 of 2011-12, New Delhi (2012).
Feng, Z., Su, B., Xiao, D. D., & Ye, L.Y. (2017). Study on pH value and its variation characteristics of the main rivers into Dianchi Lake under the anthropogenic and natural processes, Yunnan, China. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 38(7), 1197-1210.
Gaidhane, D. M., Subhas, M., Tajane, B. B. and Nikalje, S. B. (2020). Primary productivity of Erai River in Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, India. International Journal Life Sciences, 8(2), 484–487.
Gudadhe, S. K. & Manik, V. S. (2022). Self-refinement of Erai River in district Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Environmental and Ecology Research, 4(2), 28-31.
Hameed, A., Alobaidy, J. M., Abid, H. S., & Maulood, B. K. (2010). Application of Water Quality Index for Assessment of Dokan Dug well Ecosystem, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Journal of Water. Resource and Protection, 2, 792-798.
Jugdaohsingh, R. (2007). Silicon and bone health. Journal of Nutrition Health Aging, 11, 99-110.
Mouri, G., Takizawa, S., & Oki, T. (2011). Spatial and temporal variation in nutrient parameters in stream water in a rural‒urban catchment, Shikoku, Japan: Effects of land cover and human impact. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 1837–1848.
Nielsen, F. H. (2014). Update on the possible nutritional importance of silicon. Journal of Trace Element in Medical Biology, 28, 379-382.
Ramakrishnaiah, C. R., Sadashivaiah, C., & Ranganna, G. (2009). Assessment of Water Quality Index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India. Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 523-530.
Rani, A., Kumar, A., Lal, A., & Pant, M. (2014). Cellular mechanism of cadmium-induced toxicity: a review. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 24(4), 378-399.
Ravikumar, P., Mehmood, M.A., & Somashekar, R. K. (2013). Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey tank and Mallathagalli lake, Bangalore urban district, Karnataka, India. Applied Water Science, 3, 247-261.
Remus-Borel, W., Menzies, J. G., & Belanger, R. R. (2005). Silicon induces antifungal compounds in powdery mildew-infected wheat. Physiol Mol Olant Oathol, 66, 108-115.
Ruhela, M., Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Khanna, D. R. (2019). Impact of Hindon River Water on Selected Riparian Flora (Azadirachta Indica and Acacia Nilotica) with special Reference to Heavy Metals. Pollution, 5(4), 749-760.
Shende, Shraddha & Rathoure, A. K. (2020). Water quality index estimation of Erai river (Chandrapur region) in monsoon season. Octa Journal of Environmental Research, 9(1), 013-020.
Shireen, F., Nawaz, M. A., Chen, C., Zhang, Q., Zheng, Z., Sohail, H., Sun, J., Cao, H., Huang, Y., & Bie, Z. (2018). Boron: Functions and approaches to enhance its availability in plants for sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Molecular Science, 19(7), 1856.
Singh, S. J., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2009). Numerical interdependence in pH, acidity and alkalinity of a polluted river water. Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(5), 773-775.
Su, S., Li, D., Zhang, Q., Xiao, R., Huang, F., Wu, J. (2011). Temporal trend and source apportionment of wate pollution in different functional zones of Qiantang River, China. Water Research, 45, 1781–1795.
Times of India. (Dec 23, 2021). 94% in Chandrapur feel pollution taking toll on health: Study. ToI in Nagpur News. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/94-in-chandrapur-feel-pollution-taking-toll-on-health-study/articleshow/88440434.cms
Tyagi, S., Dubey, R. C., Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2020). Multivariate Statistical analysis of river ganga water at Rishikesh and Haridwar, India. Analytical Chemistry Letters, 10(2), 195-213.
Warhate, S. R. & Patel, P. R. (2016). Effect of coal mine effluents on population of fishes in River Erai. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 6(4), 44-46.
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