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Abstract
The effect of deleterious concentration of zinc provided individually was investigated in order to assess the effect of metal interaction in Lemna polyrrhiza L. The present study also emphasizes on the response of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes under zinc stress. Both antioxidant enzymes exhibited an increasing trend under different treatment conditions but it was reverse at highly toxic metal concentration. The antioxidant activities of enzymes, i.e of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and their activity proportions were examined. Catalase activities were substantially increased in a stress environment as compared to guaiacol peroxidase. Further, catalase and showed increased activities in a combined stress environment. Physiological role of these enzymes in stress tolerance mechanism is discussed. The response of Lemna polyrrhiza L to toxic concentrations of Zn appears to induce oxidative damage as observed by the increase antioxidant metabolism.
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References
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- Sinha, T. S. 1991. Genetic adaptation of Indian mustard to semiarid saline-soil condition. Indian Jr. of Agri. Sci. 61: 251–254.
- Siddiqui, Z. S., Khan, M. A., Beomgi, K., Huang, J-S. and Kwon, T. R. 2008. Physiological response of Brassica napus genotypes in combined stress. Plant Stress 2: 78–83.
- Siddiqui, Z. S. and Khan, M. A. 2011. The role enzyme amylase in two germinating seed morphs of Halophyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf in saline and non-saline environment. Acta Physiologea Plantrum 33: 1185–1197.
- Smirnoff , N. 2000. Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multi-facetted molecule. Current Opinion in Plant Bio. 3: 229–235.
- Smirnoff N., Conklin, P.L. and Loewus, F.A. 2001. Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants: a renaissance. Annual Review of Plant Physio and Plant Mol. Bio. 52: 437–467.
- Thimmaiah 1999. Standard methods of biochemical analysis. Kalayni publisher, NewDelhi.
- Van Assche, F. and Clijsters, H. 1990. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants. Plant, Cell and Environ., 13(3): 195–206.
- Wang, W., Vinocur, B. and Altman, A. 2003. Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta 18: 1–14.
- Wang, Z. and Huang, B. 2004. Physiological recovery of Kentucky bluegrass from simultaneous drought and heat stress. Crop Science 44: 1729–1736.
References
Allen, R. D., Webb, R. P. and Schake, S. A. 1997: Use of transgenic plants to study antioxidant defenses. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 23: 473–479.
Asada, K. 1997. The role of ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydroascorbate reductase in H2O2 scavenging in plants. In: Scandalios JG, ed. Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant defenses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 715–735.
Becana, M., Dalton, D. A., Moran, J. F., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Matamoros, M. A. and Rubio, M. C. 2000. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in legume nodules. Physiologia Plantarum 109: 372–81.
Comba, M. E., Benavides, M. P., Tomaro, M. L., 1998. Effect of salt stress on antioxidant defence system in soybean root nodules. Australian Jr. Plant Physiology 25: 665–671.
Dudley, L. M. and Shani, U., 2003. Modeling plant response to drought and salt stress: Reformulation of the root-sink term. Vadose Zone Jr. 2: 751–758.
Foyer, H. C., Lelandais, M., Kunert J.K., 1994. Photooxidative stress in plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 92 (4): 696–717.
Hameed, N., Siddiqui, Z. S. and Ahmed, S. 2000. Effect of copper and lead on germination, accumulation and phenolic contents of Spinancea oleracea and Lycopersicum esculentum. Pakistan Jr. Bio. Sci. 4: 809–811.
Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I. 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Circular 347, University of Californias, Agricultural Experimental Station, Berkley, 1–32.
Hodges D.M. and Forney C.F. 2000. The effect of ethylene, depressed oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide on antioxidant profiles of senescing spinach leaves. Jr. Exp. Bot. 5: 645–655.
Hodges D.M., Andrews C.J., Johnson D.A. and Hamilton R.I. 1997. Antioxidant enzyme responses to chilling stress in differentially sensitive inbred maize lines. Jr. Exp. Bot. 48: 1105–1113.
Jakab, G., Ton, J., Flors, V., Zimmerli, L., Metraux, J. P. and Mauch-Mani, B. 2005. Enhancing Arabidopsis salt and drought stress tolerance by chemical priming for its abscisic acid responses. Plant Physio 139: 267–274.
Jetley, U. K., Choudhary, M. and Fatma, T. 2004. Evaluation of biochemical productivity cyonobacterium Spirulina platensis-S5 under heavy metal stress. Asian Jr. Chem. 16: 1524–1528.
Kumar, V and Kumar, D. 1996. Response of Indian mustard to saline water application at different growth stages. Trans Indian Society Desert Technology 15: 121–125.
Kwon, S. Y., Jeong, Y. J.,Lee, H. S.,Kim, J. S.,Cho, K. Y.,Allen, R. D. and Kwak, S. S. 2002. Enhanced tolerances of transgenic tobacco plants expressing both superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in chloroplasts against methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 873–882.
Majeed, A., Nisar, M. F. and Hussain, K. 2010. Effect of saline culture on the concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl- in Agrostis tolonifera. Current Research Jr. Bio. Sci. 2: 76–82.
Nashikkar V.J. and Chakrabarti T. 1994. Catalase and peroxidase activity in plants – an indicator of heavy metal toxicity. Indian Jr. Exp. Bio. 32: 520–521.
Nawaz, K., Hussain, K., Majeed, A., Faraha, K., Shahida, A. and Kazim, A. 2010. Fatality of salt stress to plants: Morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects. African Jr. of Biotech. 9: 5475–5480.
Noctor G. and Foyer C.H. 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physio. and Plant Mol. Bio. 49: 249–279.
Pastori G., Foyer C.H. and Mullineaux P. 2000. Low temperature induced changes in the distribution of H2O2 and antioxidants between the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves. Jr. Exp. Bot. 51: 107–113.
Shah, K., Kumar, R. G., Verma, S. and Dubey, R. S. 2001. Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Sci. 161: 1135–1144.
Sharma, P. C. and Gill, K. C. 1994. Salinity-induced effect on biomass, yield, yield attributing characters and ionic contents in genotypes of Indian mustard. Indian Jr. of Agri. Sci. 64: 785–788.
Shinozaki, K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. 2000. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Current Opinion in Plant Bio. 3: 217–223.
Sinha, T. S. 1991. Genetic adaptation of Indian mustard to semiarid saline-soil condition. Indian Jr. of Agri. Sci. 61: 251–254.
Siddiqui, Z. S., Khan, M. A., Beomgi, K., Huang, J-S. and Kwon, T. R. 2008. Physiological response of Brassica napus genotypes in combined stress. Plant Stress 2: 78–83.
Siddiqui, Z. S. and Khan, M. A. 2011. The role enzyme amylase in two germinating seed morphs of Halophyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf in saline and non-saline environment. Acta Physiologea Plantrum 33: 1185–1197.
Smirnoff , N. 2000. Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multi-facetted molecule. Current Opinion in Plant Bio. 3: 229–235.
Smirnoff N., Conklin, P.L. and Loewus, F.A. 2001. Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants: a renaissance. Annual Review of Plant Physio and Plant Mol. Bio. 52: 437–467.
Thimmaiah 1999. Standard methods of biochemical analysis. Kalayni publisher, NewDelhi.
Van Assche, F. and Clijsters, H. 1990. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants. Plant, Cell and Environ., 13(3): 195–206.
Wang, W., Vinocur, B. and Altman, A. 2003. Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta 18: 1–14.
Wang, Z. and Huang, B. 2004. Physiological recovery of Kentucky bluegrass from simultaneous drought and heat stress. Crop Science 44: 1729–1736.