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Abstract
The air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of four plant species: Ficus religiosa, Polyalthia longifolia, Pterospernum acerifolium and Thevetia peruviana growing along roadsides at polluted site (Satwari-Bikram Chowk road) in Jammu city has been worked out and compared with the plants growing at the reference location (New University Campus) to categorize plants as sensitive or resistant. The plants were analysed for leaf relative water content (RWC), ascorbic acid content (AA), total leaf chlorophyll (T Ch) and leaf extract pH to compute the APTI values which indicated that all plants belong to sensitive category as per the index range given by Gaikwad et al. (2006). The values of all the studied biochemical parameters and APTI has been observed to decline in the plants growing at polluted sites in comparison to plants growing at reference site. However, among the plant species growing at polluted site, Ficus religiosa has been observed to be comparatively more tolerant against air pollutants with a maximum APTI value (4.76±0.16) whereas Pterospernum acerifolium is more sensitive to air pollutants with minimum APTI value (1.65±0.19). The order of tolerance among these plants has been observed to be: Ficus religiosa> Polyalthia longifolia> Thevetia peruviana> Pterospernum acerifolium. The result also indicated that combining variety of these parameters gave a more reliable result than those of individual parameter.
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References
- Agarwal S.K., 1991. Automobile pollution. Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, pp: 255.
- Conklin, P.L., 2001. Recent advances in the role and biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants, Plant cell environment, 24: 383-394.
- Gaikwad, U.S., Ranade, C.D. and Gadgil, J.M., 2006. Plants as indicators of automobile exhaust pollution, a case study of Sangli City. Journal-EN, 86: 26-28.
- González, L. and González- Vilar, M., 2001. Determination of relative water content, In: Reigosa MJ (ed.), Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp: 207-212.
- Gharge,S. and Menon, G.S., 2012. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of certain herbs from the site around Ambernath MIDC. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological. Sciences, 3(3):543-547.
- Hiscox, J.D. and Israelstam, G.M., 1979. A method for extraction of chlorophyll from tissue without maceration. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57(12): 1332-1334.
- Joshi, N. and Bora, Meha, 2011.Impact of air quality on physiological attributes of certain plants. Report and opinion, 3(2):42-47.
- Khare, M., Nagendra, S. and Gulia, S., 2012. Performance evaluation of air quality dispersion models at urban intersection of an Indian city: a case study of Delhi city, In: Longhurst, J.W.S and Brebbia, C.A. (eds.), Air Pollution XX, WIT Press, UK, pp: 249-260.
- Kousar, N., Seshikala, D. and Acharya, S.M., 1999. Biomonitoring of air pollution by using plants in Wrangal city. Indian journal of environmental protection. 19 (7): 488-492.
- Lewin, S. 1976. Vitamin C: Its molecular biology and medical potential, Academic Press, London, pp: 5-6.
- Mashitha, P.M. and Pise, V.L., 2001. Biomonitoring of air pollution by correcting the pollution tolerance index of some commonly ground trees of an urban area. Pollution research, 2 (2): 195-197.
- Mandal, M., 2006. Physiological changes in certain test plant under automobile exhaust pollution. Journal of environmental biology, 27 (1): 43-47.
- Nandi, P.K.; Agarwal, M., Agarwal, S.B. and Rao, D.N., 1990. Physiological responses of Vicia faba plants to sulphur dioxide. Ecotoxicoloy and Environmental Safety,19: 64-71.
- Ninave, S.Y., Chaudhari, P.R., Gajaghate, D.G. and Tarar, J.L., 2001. Foliar biochemical features of plants as indicator of air pollution. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 67:133-140.
- Nugraharani, P., Prasetyawati, E.T., Sugijanto and Purnobasuki, H., 2012. Ornamental shrubs as plant palettes elements and bioindicators based on air pollution tolerance index in Surbaya city. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 3(2): 298-302.
- Radhapriya, P., Navneetha Gopalakrishnan, A., Malini, P. and Ramachandran, A., 2012. Assessment of air pollution tolerance levels of selected plants around cement industry, Coimbatore, India. Journal of environmental biology,33: 635-641.
- Raina, A. K. and Sharma, A., 2003. Effect of vehicular pollution on the leaf micro morphology, anatomy and chlorophyll contents of Syzygium cumini Linn. Indian journal of environmental protection. 23 (8): 897-902.
- Raina, A. K. and Aggarwal, B., 2004. Effect of vehicular exhaust on some trees in Jammu-II. Journal of industrial pollution control, 20 (2): 229-232.
- Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A., 1996. Biochemical Methods- New Age International Publishers, pp: 251.
- Senthilkumar, P. and Paulsamy, S., 2011. Evaluation of air pollution tolerant tree species for Kothagiri Municipal Town, the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. Journal of research in biology, 2: 148-152.
- Scholz, F. and Reck, S., 1977. Effects of acids on forest trees as measured by titration invitro inheritance of buffering capacity. Water, air and soil pollution, 8:41-45.
- Singh, P.K., 2005. Plants as indicators of air pollution- An Indian experience, Indian forester, 131(1): 71-80.
- Singh, S.K. and Rao, D.N., 1983. Evaluation of plants for their tolerance to air pollution, In: Proceedings of symposium on air pollution control, Indian Association for Air Pollution Control. New Delhi, 218-224.
- Thambavani, D.S. and Maheswari, J., 2012. Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of Certain Tree Species in Virudhunagar, India, International congress on informatics, environment, energy and applications, 38.
- Thambavani, D.S. and Sabitha, M.A., 2011. Variation in air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of plants near a sugar factory: implications for landscape-plant species selection for industrial areas. Journal of research in biology, 7: 494-502.
References
Agarwal S.K., 1991. Automobile pollution. Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, pp: 255.
Conklin, P.L., 2001. Recent advances in the role and biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants, Plant cell environment, 24: 383-394.
Gaikwad, U.S., Ranade, C.D. and Gadgil, J.M., 2006. Plants as indicators of automobile exhaust pollution, a case study of Sangli City. Journal-EN, 86: 26-28.
González, L. and González- Vilar, M., 2001. Determination of relative water content, In: Reigosa MJ (ed.), Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp: 207-212.
Gharge,S. and Menon, G.S., 2012. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of certain herbs from the site around Ambernath MIDC. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological. Sciences, 3(3):543-547.
Hiscox, J.D. and Israelstam, G.M., 1979. A method for extraction of chlorophyll from tissue without maceration. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57(12): 1332-1334.
Joshi, N. and Bora, Meha, 2011.Impact of air quality on physiological attributes of certain plants. Report and opinion, 3(2):42-47.
Khare, M., Nagendra, S. and Gulia, S., 2012. Performance evaluation of air quality dispersion models at urban intersection of an Indian city: a case study of Delhi city, In: Longhurst, J.W.S and Brebbia, C.A. (eds.), Air Pollution XX, WIT Press, UK, pp: 249-260.
Kousar, N., Seshikala, D. and Acharya, S.M., 1999. Biomonitoring of air pollution by using plants in Wrangal city. Indian journal of environmental protection. 19 (7): 488-492.
Lewin, S. 1976. Vitamin C: Its molecular biology and medical potential, Academic Press, London, pp: 5-6.
Mashitha, P.M. and Pise, V.L., 2001. Biomonitoring of air pollution by correcting the pollution tolerance index of some commonly ground trees of an urban area. Pollution research, 2 (2): 195-197.
Mandal, M., 2006. Physiological changes in certain test plant under automobile exhaust pollution. Journal of environmental biology, 27 (1): 43-47.
Nandi, P.K.; Agarwal, M., Agarwal, S.B. and Rao, D.N., 1990. Physiological responses of Vicia faba plants to sulphur dioxide. Ecotoxicoloy and Environmental Safety,19: 64-71.
Ninave, S.Y., Chaudhari, P.R., Gajaghate, D.G. and Tarar, J.L., 2001. Foliar biochemical features of plants as indicator of air pollution. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 67:133-140.
Nugraharani, P., Prasetyawati, E.T., Sugijanto and Purnobasuki, H., 2012. Ornamental shrubs as plant palettes elements and bioindicators based on air pollution tolerance index in Surbaya city. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 3(2): 298-302.
Radhapriya, P., Navneetha Gopalakrishnan, A., Malini, P. and Ramachandran, A., 2012. Assessment of air pollution tolerance levels of selected plants around cement industry, Coimbatore, India. Journal of environmental biology,33: 635-641.
Raina, A. K. and Sharma, A., 2003. Effect of vehicular pollution on the leaf micro morphology, anatomy and chlorophyll contents of Syzygium cumini Linn. Indian journal of environmental protection. 23 (8): 897-902.
Raina, A. K. and Aggarwal, B., 2004. Effect of vehicular exhaust on some trees in Jammu-II. Journal of industrial pollution control, 20 (2): 229-232.
Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A., 1996. Biochemical Methods- New Age International Publishers, pp: 251.
Senthilkumar, P. and Paulsamy, S., 2011. Evaluation of air pollution tolerant tree species for Kothagiri Municipal Town, the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. Journal of research in biology, 2: 148-152.
Scholz, F. and Reck, S., 1977. Effects of acids on forest trees as measured by titration invitro inheritance of buffering capacity. Water, air and soil pollution, 8:41-45.
Singh, P.K., 2005. Plants as indicators of air pollution- An Indian experience, Indian forester, 131(1): 71-80.
Singh, S.K. and Rao, D.N., 1983. Evaluation of plants for their tolerance to air pollution, In: Proceedings of symposium on air pollution control, Indian Association for Air Pollution Control. New Delhi, 218-224.
Thambavani, D.S. and Maheswari, J., 2012. Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of Certain Tree Species in Virudhunagar, India, International congress on informatics, environment, energy and applications, 38.
Thambavani, D.S. and Sabitha, M.A., 2011. Variation in air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of plants near a sugar factory: implications for landscape-plant species selection for industrial areas. Journal of research in biology, 7: 494-502.