Main Article Content
Abstract
The benefit from protected area is enjoyed at international level where as benefit is negligible at local level and often people have to bear losses for living around protected area. Wildlife damage is one such cost of living around protected area. Wild animals often destroys crop, assets, kill livestock and destroy property. Such wildlife damage many times becomes a bone of contention between people living around protected area and the park authority. In developing countries it becomes difficult to control such damage for park authority and giving compensation is not a feasible way. Therefore, the present study tries to assess the extent of wildlife damage in Kaziranga National Park (KNP) which is conflict ridden. It has been found from the survey that damage is enormous and people are dissatisfied with the park authority. This paper suggests that to obtain support of local people emphasis should be given crop protection measures and alternative livelihood opportunities.
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References
- Castro A. P. and Nielson, E. 2001. Indigenous people and co-management: implications for conflict management, Environmental Science & Policy ,4:52-59
- Di Fonzo, M. M. I. 2007. Determining correlates of human-elephant conflict reports within fringe villages of Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Master’s thesis of university of London. Available at www.iccs.org.uk.
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- Holmerna,T., Nyahongoa, J. and Røskafta, E. 2007. Livestock loss caused by predators outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Biological Conservation, 135: 518 –526
- Hussain, S.A., Barthwal, S.C.,Badola, R., Rahman, S.M.T., Rastogi, A., Tuboi,C. and Bhardwaj, A.K. 2012. An analysis of livelihood linkages of tourism in Kaziranga national park, a natural world heritage site in India, Parks, 18(2): 32-43
- IDRE, 2014. Institute for Digital Research And Education available at www.ats.ucla.edu
- Mackenzie, C. A. 2012. Accruing benefit or loss from a protected area: Location matters, Ecological Economics,76: 119-129.
- Mackenzie, C.A. and Ahabyona, P. 2012. Elephants in the garden: Financial and social costs of crop raiding, Ecological Economics, 75: 72-82.
- Mathur V.B. and Mishra, M. 2005. UNESCO-IUCN Enhancing our heritage project: Monitoring and manageing for success in natural world heritage sites. Technical Report No. 04, IUCN
- Mukherjee, A. 2009. Conflict and Coexistence in a National Park, Economic & Political Weekly, XLIV, 23:52-59
- Ogra, M. V. 2008. Human–wildlife con?ict and gender in protected area borderlands: A case study of costs, perceptions, and vulnerabilities from Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal), India,Geoforum, 39: 1408–1422
- Pe´reza, E.1, Pacheco, L. F. 2006. Damage by large mammals to subsistence crops within a protected area in a montane forest of Bolivia, Crop Protection,25 :933–939
- Rao, K.S., Maikhuri, R.K., Nautiyal, S., Saxena, G. 2002.Crop damage and livestock depredation by wildlife: a case study from Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, India, Journal of Environmental Management, 66(3):317–327
- Shrivastava, R. J. and Heinen, J. 2007. Implications for conservation and development planning: a microsite analysis of resource use around Kaziranga National Park, The Journal of Environment Development. 16:207-226.
- Shyamsundar, P. and Krammer, R. 1997. Biodiversity conservation-At what cost? A study of households in the vicinity of Madagaskar’s Mantadia National Park, Ambio, 26(3):180-184.
- Suliman, M. 1999. Ecology, Politics & Violent Con?icts, Zed, London.
- Thapa, S. 2010. Effectiveness of crop protection methods against wildlife damage: A case study of two villages at Bardia National Park, Nepal, Crop Protection, 29: 1297-1304
- Wuensch, K. L. 2014. Binary Logistic Regression with SPSS. Available at http://core.ecu.edu/
References
Castro A. P. and Nielson, E. 2001. Indigenous people and co-management: implications for conflict management, Environmental Science & Policy ,4:52-59
Di Fonzo, M. M. I. 2007. Determining correlates of human-elephant conflict reports within fringe villages of Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Master’s thesis of university of London. Available at www.iccs.org.uk.
Gillingham. S. and Lee, P.C. 1999. The impact of wildlife-related benefits on the conservation attitude of local people around the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania. Environ Conserv, 26(3), 218–228
Hoare, R.1999. Determinants of human–elephant conflict in a land-use mosaic, Journal of Applied Ecology 36 (5): 689–700.
Hoare, R. 2000. African elephants and humans in conflict: the outlook for coexistence, Oryx,34 (1): 34–38.
Holmerna,T., Nyahongoa, J. and Røskafta, E. 2007. Livestock loss caused by predators outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Biological Conservation, 135: 518 –526
Hussain, S.A., Barthwal, S.C.,Badola, R., Rahman, S.M.T., Rastogi, A., Tuboi,C. and Bhardwaj, A.K. 2012. An analysis of livelihood linkages of tourism in Kaziranga national park, a natural world heritage site in India, Parks, 18(2): 32-43
IDRE, 2014. Institute for Digital Research And Education available at www.ats.ucla.edu
Mackenzie, C. A. 2012. Accruing benefit or loss from a protected area: Location matters, Ecological Economics,76: 119-129.
Mackenzie, C.A. and Ahabyona, P. 2012. Elephants in the garden: Financial and social costs of crop raiding, Ecological Economics, 75: 72-82.
Mathur V.B. and Mishra, M. 2005. UNESCO-IUCN Enhancing our heritage project: Monitoring and manageing for success in natural world heritage sites. Technical Report No. 04, IUCN
Mukherjee, A. 2009. Conflict and Coexistence in a National Park, Economic & Political Weekly, XLIV, 23:52-59
Ogra, M. V. 2008. Human–wildlife con?ict and gender in protected area borderlands: A case study of costs, perceptions, and vulnerabilities from Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal), India,Geoforum, 39: 1408–1422
Pe´reza, E.1, Pacheco, L. F. 2006. Damage by large mammals to subsistence crops within a protected area in a montane forest of Bolivia, Crop Protection,25 :933–939
Rao, K.S., Maikhuri, R.K., Nautiyal, S., Saxena, G. 2002.Crop damage and livestock depredation by wildlife: a case study from Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, India, Journal of Environmental Management, 66(3):317–327
Shrivastava, R. J. and Heinen, J. 2007. Implications for conservation and development planning: a microsite analysis of resource use around Kaziranga National Park, The Journal of Environment Development. 16:207-226.
Shyamsundar, P. and Krammer, R. 1997. Biodiversity conservation-At what cost? A study of households in the vicinity of Madagaskar’s Mantadia National Park, Ambio, 26(3):180-184.
Suliman, M. 1999. Ecology, Politics & Violent Con?icts, Zed, London.
Thapa, S. 2010. Effectiveness of crop protection methods against wildlife damage: A case study of two villages at Bardia National Park, Nepal, Crop Protection, 29: 1297-1304
Wuensch, K. L. 2014. Binary Logistic Regression with SPSS. Available at http://core.ecu.edu/