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Abstract
In the present research work, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality index 1.0 (CCME WQI 1.0) was applied to assess water quality of Tehri dam reservoir by using the drinking water standard prescribed by the WHO (1999) and BIS (IS:10500, 1991). The physico-chemical parameters, ions concentration and heavy metals concentration used in the index calculation were total dissolved solids, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, calcium, chloride, phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, total coliform (MPN/100 ml), turbidity, zinc, manganese, lead, nickel, iron and chromium. It was observed during the course of study that at all the four sites BOD, phosphate and total coliform showed greater deviation from the objective values. Total coliform was found to be more deviated from the normal values. Few important parameters were observed beyond the permissible limit for many times. The values of water quality index have shown that most of the sites are not fit for drinking purpose. Finally it was concluded that reservoir water should not be consumed for drinking purposes frequently without proper treatment.
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References
- APHA, AWWA, WEF, 1998. Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition, American Public, Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington, DC 2005- 2605.
- BIS. 1991. Indian standards: Drinking water specification, Bureau of indian standards, Manak Bhavan 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002 India. IS: 10500:1991.
- Bordalo, A.A., Nilsumranchit, W. and Chalermwat, K., 2001. Water quality and uses of the Bangpakong River (Eastern Thailand). Wat. Res. 35(15):3635-3642.
- Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment (CCMC), 2001. Canadian Water Quality Index 1.0 Technical Report and User’s Manual. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, Technical Subcommittee, Gatineau.
- Devi Prasada, A.G., Kothathia, Siddaraju, 2012. Application of CCME water quality index (CWQI) to the Lakes of Mandya, Karnataka State, India. International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, II(I):108-114.
- Khanna, D.R. and Bhutiani, R., 2008. Laboratory manual of water and wastewater analysis, Daya publishing house, Delhi, 1-189.
- Kumar, Ashwani and Dua, Anish, 2009. Water quality index for assessment of water quality of River Ravi at Madhopur (India). Global Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1):49- 57.
- McClelland, N.I., 1974. Water quality index application in the Kansas River basin prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency- Region 7. (EPA-907/9-74-001)
- McCully P., 1996. Silenced Rivers: the Ecology and Politics of Large Dams, London, Zed Books.
- Prasada, A., G., Devi and Kothathia, Siddaraju. 2012. Application of CCME water quality index (CWQI) to the Lakes of Mandya, Karnataka State, India. International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2(1):108-113, ISSN2249-9598.
- Saffran K., 2001. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
- Schnitter, N., J., 1994. A History of Dams; The Useful Pyramids. Oregon, Books News Inc.
- Trivedy, R.K. and Goel, P.K., 1990. Chemical and Biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental publication, Karad, India.
- Uyigue, Etiosa, 2006. Dams are unrenewable: A Discussion Paper. Community Research and Development Centre Nigeria.
- Welch, P.S., 1948. Limnological methods. The Blakiston Co. Philadelphia, 1-381.
- WHO, 1999. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Second Edition. Geneva.
References
APHA, AWWA, WEF, 1998. Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition, American Public, Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington, DC 2005- 2605.
BIS. 1991. Indian standards: Drinking water specification, Bureau of indian standards, Manak Bhavan 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002 India. IS: 10500:1991.
Bordalo, A.A., Nilsumranchit, W. and Chalermwat, K., 2001. Water quality and uses of the Bangpakong River (Eastern Thailand). Wat. Res. 35(15):3635-3642.
Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment (CCMC), 2001. Canadian Water Quality Index 1.0 Technical Report and User’s Manual. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, Technical Subcommittee, Gatineau.
Devi Prasada, A.G., Kothathia, Siddaraju, 2012. Application of CCME water quality index (CWQI) to the Lakes of Mandya, Karnataka State, India. International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, II(I):108-114.
Khanna, D.R. and Bhutiani, R., 2008. Laboratory manual of water and wastewater analysis, Daya publishing house, Delhi, 1-189.
Kumar, Ashwani and Dua, Anish, 2009. Water quality index for assessment of water quality of River Ravi at Madhopur (India). Global Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1):49- 57.
McClelland, N.I., 1974. Water quality index application in the Kansas River basin prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency- Region 7. (EPA-907/9-74-001)
McCully P., 1996. Silenced Rivers: the Ecology and Politics of Large Dams, London, Zed Books.
Prasada, A., G., Devi and Kothathia, Siddaraju. 2012. Application of CCME water quality index (CWQI) to the Lakes of Mandya, Karnataka State, India. International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2(1):108-113, ISSN2249-9598.
Saffran K., 2001. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
Schnitter, N., J., 1994. A History of Dams; The Useful Pyramids. Oregon, Books News Inc.
Trivedy, R.K. and Goel, P.K., 1990. Chemical and Biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental publication, Karad, India.
Uyigue, Etiosa, 2006. Dams are unrenewable: A Discussion Paper. Community Research and Development Centre Nigeria.
Welch, P.S., 1948. Limnological methods. The Blakiston Co. Philadelphia, 1-381.
WHO, 1999. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Second Edition. Geneva.