Main Article Content
Abstract
During the last few decades there has been an increasing demand for monitoring water quality of many rivers by regular measurements of various water quality variables. River Yamuna in Uttarakhand requires the same qualitative and quantitative aspects of monitoring for predicting the steady state water quality conditions. In the present work various physico chemical parameters i.e. , Temperature, transparency, velocity, turbidity, conductivity, TS, TDS, TSS, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, free CO2, DO, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate, sodium and potassium were analyzed for various seasons; Summer, Monsoon, Winter, for the period (April, 2011-March, 2012) in surface water of river Yamuna. Our results showed that TS, TDS and TSS were maximum in monsoon and temperature and Dissolved Oxygen was found to be maximum in winter. Velocity was found to be maximum in monsoon followed by summer and winter. The observations implied that the physico- chemical conditions of River Yamuna was good in all the three seasons however change in seasonal conditions had a great effect on hydrological parameters.
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Article Details
Copyright (c) 2012 Environment Conservation Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Funding data
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Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Grant numbers SR/ WOS-A/LS-170/2010
References
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- Dugan, R. 1972. Biochemical ecology of water pollution. New York: Plenum Publishing Co. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4389-9_4
- Epstein, E.1972.Mineral nutrition of plants: Principles and perspectives. John Wiley and Sons New York 412.
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- Kannan, V.and Job, S.V. 1980. Diurnal depth wise and seasonal changes physicochemical factors in Sathior reservoir; Hydrobiologia70, 103-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015496
- Khanna, D.R.and Singh, R.K. 2000. Seasonal fluctuation in plankton of Suswariver at Raiwala (Dehradun). Env. Cons. J.1(2-3): 89-92.
- Khanna, D.R., Chugh, Tarun and Sarkar, Praveen 2001.Fluctuations in the population density of Macro -invertebrates of river Ganga at Pashulok Barrage Rishikesh (Uttaranchal, India).Env. Cons. J.,2(1): 37-39.
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- Khanna, D.R. and Chugh, T. 2004. Microbial ecology: A study of river Ganga, Discovery publishing House, New Delhi, 1-277.
- Khanna, D.R., Pathak, S.K., Bhutiani, R. and Chandra, K.S. 2006.Study of water quality of river Suswa near Raiwala, Uttaranchal.Env. Cons. J. 7(3): 79-84.
- Khanna, D.R., Singh,Vikas, Bhutiani, R., Kumar, S.C., Matta, Gagan and Kumar, Dheeraj 2007. A study of biotic and abiotic factors of Song River at Deheradun, Uttarakhand.Env. Cons. J.8(3): 117126.
- Khanna, D.R., Bhutiani, R., GaganMatta, Singh, V., Tyagi, P., Tyagi, B. and FouziaIshaq. 2010. Water quality characteristics of River Tons at District-Dehradun, Uttarakhand (India).Env. Cons. J. 11(1-2): 119-123
- Khanna, D.R., Bhutiani, R. and Kulkarni, DeepaliBhaskar2011.A study on pollution status and its impact on water quality of river Ganga at Haridwar.Env. Cons. J.129(1&2): 9-15.
- Kulshrestha, H. and Sharma, S. 2006. Impact of mass bathing during Ardhkumbh on water quality status of river Ganga.J. Environ. Biol., 27: 437-440.
- Kurbatova, S.A. 2005. Response of microcosm zooplankton to acitification.IzvAkadNaukSerBiol 1: 100-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10525-005-0013-6
- Mane, V.R., Chandorkar, A.A. and Kumar, R. 2005. Prevalence of pollution in surface and ground water sources in the rural areas of Satara Region, Asian Journal of Water,Environment and Pollution 2: 81-87.
- Mathivanan, V., Vijayan, P., Sabhanayakam, S.andJeyachitra, O. 2007. Anassessment of plankton population of Cauvery river with referenceto population. J Environ Biol28: 523-526.
- Merritts, D., DeWet, A. and Menking, K. 1998. EnvironmentalGeology An Earth System Science Approach. NewYork W H Freeman and Company.
- Parashar C., Dixit S.andSrivastva R. 2006. Seasonalvariations in Physico-chemical characteristics inupper lake of Bhopal, Asian .J. Exp. Sci., 20(2):297-302
- Sinha A.K. , Singh V. P. and Srivastava K.2000.Physico –chemical studies on river Ganga and itstributaries in Uttar Pradesh –the present status.Pollution and Biomonitoring of Indian Rivers.(ed.) R.K. Trivedi.(Ed.), ABD publishers, Jaipur :1-29
- Thresh J.C., Beale J.F. and Suckling E.V. 1949. The examination of water and water supplies B.W. Taylor, London.
- Trivedi, R.K. and Goel, P.K. 1986. Chemical and Biological method for water pollution studies.Karad Environmental Publications 1-251.
- Valecha, V.andBhatnagar, G.P.1988 Seasonal changes ofphytoplankton in relation to some physico-chemicalfactors in lower Lake of Bhopal. Geobios. 15: 170-173.
- Venkateswarlu, V. 1969 An ecological study of the algae ofthe river Moosi, Hyderabad (India) withspecial reference to water pollution-I:Physico-chemical complexes. Hydrobiologia;33:117-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00181683
- Wetzel, R.G.and Likens, G.E. 1991. Limnological analyses. Springer, New York, 1–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4098-1_1
- Zafer, A. and Sultana, N. 2007.Seasonal Analysis in theWater Quality of River Ganga Disaster Ecology andEnvironment.Arivnd Kumar (Ed.) Daya publishingHouse, India, 57- 62.
References
APHA, 1998.Standard Methods for the Examination ofWater and Waste Water.20th Edition. Washington: American Public Health Association.
Arora, J.andMehra, N.K. 2003. Seasonal diversity of planktonic and epiphytic rotifers in the backwaters of the Delhi segment of the Yamuna river with remarks on new records from India. Zoological Studies 42: 239-249.
Bhatt, L.R., Lacoul, P., Lekhak, H.D. and Jha, P.K.1999. Physicochemical characteristics and phytoplankton of Taudahalake, Kathmandu. Poll. Res.;18(4):353-8.
Ciaccio, L. 1971.Water and water pollution.Vol. I. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Dugan, R. 1972. Biochemical ecology of water pollution. New York: Plenum Publishing Co. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4389-9_4
Epstein, E.1972.Mineral nutrition of plants: Principles and perspectives. John Wiley and Sons New York 412.
Ismael, A.A.andDorgham, M.M. 2003. Ecological indices as tool for assessing pollution in E1-Dekhaila Harbour (Alexandria, Egypt).Oceanologia 45, 121-131.
Kannan, V.and Job, S.V. 1980. Diurnal depth wise and seasonal changes physicochemical factors in Sathior reservoir; Hydrobiologia70, 103-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015496
Khanna, D.R.and Singh, R.K. 2000. Seasonal fluctuation in plankton of Suswariver at Raiwala (Dehradun). Env. Cons. J.1(2-3): 89-92.
Khanna, D.R., Chugh, Tarun and Sarkar, Praveen 2001.Fluctuations in the population density of Macro -invertebrates of river Ganga at Pashulok Barrage Rishikesh (Uttaranchal, India).Env. Cons. J.,2(1): 37-39.
Khanna, D.R. and Bhutiani, R. 2003. Limnological status of Satikund Pond at Haridwar (U.A.).Indian J. Env. Sc., 7(2): 131-136.
Khanna, D.R.andBhutiani, R.2004. Water analysis at a glance, ASEA Publications.1-115.
Khanna, D.R. and Chugh, T. 2004. Microbial ecology: A study of river Ganga, Discovery publishing House, New Delhi, 1-277.
Khanna, D.R., Pathak, S.K., Bhutiani, R. and Chandra, K.S. 2006.Study of water quality of river Suswa near Raiwala, Uttaranchal.Env. Cons. J. 7(3): 79-84.
Khanna, D.R., Singh,Vikas, Bhutiani, R., Kumar, S.C., Matta, Gagan and Kumar, Dheeraj 2007. A study of biotic and abiotic factors of Song River at Deheradun, Uttarakhand.Env. Cons. J.8(3): 117126.
Khanna, D.R., Bhutiani, R., GaganMatta, Singh, V., Tyagi, P., Tyagi, B. and FouziaIshaq. 2010. Water quality characteristics of River Tons at District-Dehradun, Uttarakhand (India).Env. Cons. J. 11(1-2): 119-123
Khanna, D.R., Bhutiani, R. and Kulkarni, DeepaliBhaskar2011.A study on pollution status and its impact on water quality of river Ganga at Haridwar.Env. Cons. J.129(1&2): 9-15.
Kulshrestha, H. and Sharma, S. 2006. Impact of mass bathing during Ardhkumbh on water quality status of river Ganga.J. Environ. Biol., 27: 437-440.
Kurbatova, S.A. 2005. Response of microcosm zooplankton to acitification.IzvAkadNaukSerBiol 1: 100-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10525-005-0013-6
Mane, V.R., Chandorkar, A.A. and Kumar, R. 2005. Prevalence of pollution in surface and ground water sources in the rural areas of Satara Region, Asian Journal of Water,Environment and Pollution 2: 81-87.
Mathivanan, V., Vijayan, P., Sabhanayakam, S.andJeyachitra, O. 2007. Anassessment of plankton population of Cauvery river with referenceto population. J Environ Biol28: 523-526.
Merritts, D., DeWet, A. and Menking, K. 1998. EnvironmentalGeology An Earth System Science Approach. NewYork W H Freeman and Company.
Parashar C., Dixit S.andSrivastva R. 2006. Seasonalvariations in Physico-chemical characteristics inupper lake of Bhopal, Asian .J. Exp. Sci., 20(2):297-302
Sinha A.K. , Singh V. P. and Srivastava K.2000.Physico –chemical studies on river Ganga and itstributaries in Uttar Pradesh –the present status.Pollution and Biomonitoring of Indian Rivers.(ed.) R.K. Trivedi.(Ed.), ABD publishers, Jaipur :1-29
Thresh J.C., Beale J.F. and Suckling E.V. 1949. The examination of water and water supplies B.W. Taylor, London.
Trivedi, R.K. and Goel, P.K. 1986. Chemical and Biological method for water pollution studies.Karad Environmental Publications 1-251.
Valecha, V.andBhatnagar, G.P.1988 Seasonal changes ofphytoplankton in relation to some physico-chemicalfactors in lower Lake of Bhopal. Geobios. 15: 170-173.
Venkateswarlu, V. 1969 An ecological study of the algae ofthe river Moosi, Hyderabad (India) withspecial reference to water pollution-I:Physico-chemical complexes. Hydrobiologia;33:117-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00181683
Wetzel, R.G.and Likens, G.E. 1991. Limnological analyses. Springer, New York, 1–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4098-1_1
Zafer, A. and Sultana, N. 2007.Seasonal Analysis in theWater Quality of River Ganga Disaster Ecology andEnvironment.Arivnd Kumar (Ed.) Daya publishingHouse, India, 57- 62.