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Abstract
Sowing time is an important agronomic factor that significantly affects plant growth, development and yield. Similarly, suitable cultivar also plays an appreciable role in final productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the Impact of sowing dates and varieties on different growth attributes and yield of wheat in North Western Himalayas. A Field experiment were conducted at Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (HAREC), Bajaura (1074m altitude) and HAREC, Dhaulakuan (411m altitude) during rabi season of 2016-17 which comprises of three dates of sowings (25th October, 25th November, 25th December) and four varieties (HS-542, HS-490, HPW-349, VL-907) which was laid down in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. Altitude plays a major role at both the locations and found that with decrease in temperature in delayed sowing the number of days taken to complete the physiological maturity decreased in all the dates and at all the locations. For grain and straw yield, Bajaura was found to be the most suitable location, showing significant superiority over all other locations. 25th October and 25th November sowings being at par with each other was significantly higher than 25th December sowing at all the locations. Among varieties, VL-907, HS-542 and HPW-349 being at par with each other had significantly higher grain and straw yield than HS-490. Bajaura gave significantly more number of effective tillers/m2 and emergence count. Sowing at 25th October and 25th November being at par with each other gave significantly more number of plants per metre square than 25th December sowing at both of the locations.
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References
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- Anonymous. (2017). Weather watch report, Department of Agriculture Himachal Pradesh.
- Balla, K., Bencze, S., Janda, T. & Veisz, O. (2009). Analysis of heat stress tolerance in winter wheat”, Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 57, 437-444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.57.2009.4.6
- Hakim, M. A., Hossain, A., Teixeira da Silva, J. A., Zvolinsky, V. P. & Khan, M. M. (2012). Yield, protein and starch content of 20 wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) genotypes exposed to high temperature under late sowing conditions”, Journal of Scientific Research, 4, 477-489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.8679
- Hamam, K.A., A. Sabour & Khaled, GA. (2009). Stability of wheat genotypes under different environments and their evaluation under sowing dates and nitrogen fertilizer levels. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 3(1): 206-217.
- Jhanji, S., & Gill, DS. (2011). Phonological development and heat unit requirement of wheat under different dates of sowing. Indian Journal of Agriculture Research 45(2): 161- 166.
- Kalra, N., D. Chakraborty., A. Sharma., H.K. Rai., M. Jolly., S. Chander., P.R. Kumar., S. Bhadraray., D. Barman., RB, Mittal., M. Lal & M. Sehgal. (2008). Effect of increasing temperature on yield of some winter crops in northwest India. Current Sci. 94(1): 82-88.
- Kumar, B., Singh, CM., & Jaiswal, KK. (2013). Genetic Variability, Association and Diversity Studies in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Bihar) INDIA 8(1): 143-147.
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- Patra, SS., Mehera, B., & Rout, S. (2016). Agrometeorological indices under different hydropriming duration and sowing dates of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Life Sciences 72: 192-202.
- Prasad, R., Rao, VUM., & Rao Ch, Srinivasa. (2015). Agrometeorology of Wheat in Himachal Pradesh State of India. CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP and CRIDA, Hyderabad, India. pp. 60.
- Safdar, ME., Ali, A., Muhammad, S., Sarwar, G., & Awan, TH., (2008). Effect of transplanting dates on paddy yield of fine grain rice genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40(6): 2403-2411.
- Shaheb, MDR. Islam, MDN. Rahman, MS., & Nessa, A. (2016). Effect of sowing time and variety on seed germination and vigour index of wheat. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 41(1): 127-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27678
- Shah WA, Bakht J, Ullah T and Khan AW. 2006. Effect of sowing dates on the yield and yield components of different wheat varieties. Journal of Agronomy 5(1): 106-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2006.106.110
- Sial, MA., Arain, MA., Naqvi, SKMH., Dahot, MU., & Nizamani, NA. (2005). Yield and quality parameters of wheat genotypes as affected by sowing dates and high temperature stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany 37(3): 575-584.
- Sikder, S., (2008). Accumulated heat unit and phenology of wheat cultivars as influenced by late sowing heat stress condition”, Agricultural and Rural Development, 7, 57-64.
References
Abishek T, Chowdhury AK, Bhattacharya PM, Barun R, Sukram T and Binoy. 2016. Determinant of resistance in Bread wheat genotypes at different date of sowing to spot blotch disease. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences 8(9):1339-1341
Ahmed, MF., Ahmed, ASH., Burhan, HO., & Ahmed, FE. (2003). Effect of sowing date on growth and yield of wheat at different elevations in Jebel Marra highlands under rain fed conditions. In: 39th Proceedings of the meeting of the National Crop Husbandry Committee, Sudan pp.50-62.
Anonymous. (2017). Weather watch report, Department of Agriculture Himachal Pradesh.
Balla, K., Bencze, S., Janda, T. & Veisz, O. (2009). Analysis of heat stress tolerance in winter wheat”, Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 57, 437-444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.57.2009.4.6
Hakim, M. A., Hossain, A., Teixeira da Silva, J. A., Zvolinsky, V. P. & Khan, M. M. (2012). Yield, protein and starch content of 20 wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) genotypes exposed to high temperature under late sowing conditions”, Journal of Scientific Research, 4, 477-489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.8679
Hamam, K.A., A. Sabour & Khaled, GA. (2009). Stability of wheat genotypes under different environments and their evaluation under sowing dates and nitrogen fertilizer levels. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 3(1): 206-217.
Jhanji, S., & Gill, DS. (2011). Phonological development and heat unit requirement of wheat under different dates of sowing. Indian Journal of Agriculture Research 45(2): 161- 166.
Kalra, N., D. Chakraborty., A. Sharma., H.K. Rai., M. Jolly., S. Chander., P.R. Kumar., S. Bhadraray., D. Barman., RB, Mittal., M. Lal & M. Sehgal. (2008). Effect of increasing temperature on yield of some winter crops in northwest India. Current Sci. 94(1): 82-88.
Kumar, B., Singh, CM., & Jaiswal, KK. (2013). Genetic Variability, Association and Diversity Studies in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Bihar) INDIA 8(1): 143-147.
Nagarajan, S., Anand, A. & Chaudhary, HB. (2008). Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under changing environment during grain filling period”, Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,78, 177-179.
Patra, SS., Mehera, B., & Rout, S. (2016). Agrometeorological indices under different hydropriming duration and sowing dates of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Life Sciences 72: 192-202.
Prasad, R., Rao, VUM., & Rao Ch, Srinivasa. (2015). Agrometeorology of Wheat in Himachal Pradesh State of India. CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP and CRIDA, Hyderabad, India. pp. 60.
Safdar, ME., Ali, A., Muhammad, S., Sarwar, G., & Awan, TH., (2008). Effect of transplanting dates on paddy yield of fine grain rice genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40(6): 2403-2411.
Shaheb, MDR. Islam, MDN. Rahman, MS., & Nessa, A. (2016). Effect of sowing time and variety on seed germination and vigour index of wheat. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 41(1): 127-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27678
Shah WA, Bakht J, Ullah T and Khan AW. 2006. Effect of sowing dates on the yield and yield components of different wheat varieties. Journal of Agronomy 5(1): 106-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2006.106.110
Sial, MA., Arain, MA., Naqvi, SKMH., Dahot, MU., & Nizamani, NA. (2005). Yield and quality parameters of wheat genotypes as affected by sowing dates and high temperature stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany 37(3): 575-584.
Sikder, S., (2008). Accumulated heat unit and phenology of wheat cultivars as influenced by late sowing heat stress condition”, Agricultural and Rural Development, 7, 57-64.