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Abstract
In the present study antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and methanol extract obtained from leaves and stem of Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated against certain test bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. It is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly used for the treatment of various human health disorders. The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts tested, aqueous extract of leaves exhibited higher antibacterial activity as compared to methanolic extract of leaves. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded 17.6 mm against Bacillus cereus and minimum value was recorded 14 mm against S. aureus. Maximum antibacterial efficacy of O. sanctum leaves was found 7.3mm against P. aeruginosa and minimum value was 5mm against B. cereus in methanolic extract. Similar trend has been observed in extract of stem of O. sanctum in aqueous and methanolic solvent. The antibacterial efficacy has been found nil in methanolic extract. However in aqueous extract moderate activity has been recorded i.e. 9.3 mm against E.coli and minimum 7.3 mm against K. pneumoniae. The trend of phytochemicals revealed non significant variation. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stem extracts of O. sanctum revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, glycosides.
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References
- Bell, S. C., & Grundy, W. E. (1968). Preparation of agar wells for antibiotic assay. Applied Microbiology, 16(10), 1611-1612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/am.16.10.1611-1612.1968
- Borah, R., & Biswas, S. P. (2018). Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), excellent source of phytochemicals. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(5), 265258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.5.21
- Farook, M. A., Ali, A. M., Mohamed, H. M., Subash, V., Santhosh, G., Kumar, M. P., & Ahmed, I. A. (2019). Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 560-565.
- Kunwar, R. M., & Adhikari, N. (2005). Ethnomedicine of Dolpa district, Nepal: the plants, their vernacular names and uses. Lyonia, 8(1), 43-49.
- Malapermal, V., Botha, I., Krishna, S. B. N., & Mbatha, J. N. (2017). Enhancing antidiabetic and antimicrobial performance of Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum sanctum (L.) using silver nanoparticles. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(6), 1294-1305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.06.026
- Mamtha, B., Kavitha, K., Srinivasan, K. K., & Shivananda, P. G. (2004). An in vitro study of the effect of Centella asiatica [Indian pennywort] on enteric pathogens. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 36(1), 41.
- Mittal, R., Kumar, R., & Chahal, H. S. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaves extracts and oil. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 201-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2166
- Raghavendra, M. P., Satish, S., & Raveesha, K. A. (2006). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Oxalis corniculata; a known medicinal plant. My science, 1(1), 72-78.
- Subbiya, A., Mahalakshmi, K., Pushpangadan, S., Padmavathy, K., Vivekanandan, P., & Sukumaran, V. G. (2013). Antibacterial efficacy of Mangifera indica L. kernel and Ocimum sanctum L. leaves against Enterococcus faecalis dentinal biofilm. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 16(5), 454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.117507
- Taura, A. D. D. D. W., Musa, D. A., Ayuba, S. S., Shu'aibu, M., & Muhammad, A. U. (2020). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of and Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum Prosopis juliflora against some selected bacteria. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(3), 217-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31024/ajpp.2020.6.3.7
- Vidhani, S. I., Vyas, V. G., Parmar, H. J., Bhalani, V. M., Hassan, M. M., Gaber, A., & Golakiya, B. A. (2016). Evaluation of some chemical composition, minerals fatty acid profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) from India. American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(2), 52-57.
- Viji, M., & Murugesan, S. (2010). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. J Phytol, 2(1), 68-77.
References
Bell, S. C., & Grundy, W. E. (1968). Preparation of agar wells for antibiotic assay. Applied Microbiology, 16(10), 1611-1612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/am.16.10.1611-1612.1968
Borah, R., & Biswas, S. P. (2018). Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), excellent source of phytochemicals. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(5), 265258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.5.21
Farook, M. A., Ali, A. M., Mohamed, H. M., Subash, V., Santhosh, G., Kumar, M. P., & Ahmed, I. A. (2019). Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 560-565.
Kunwar, R. M., & Adhikari, N. (2005). Ethnomedicine of Dolpa district, Nepal: the plants, their vernacular names and uses. Lyonia, 8(1), 43-49.
Malapermal, V., Botha, I., Krishna, S. B. N., & Mbatha, J. N. (2017). Enhancing antidiabetic and antimicrobial performance of Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum sanctum (L.) using silver nanoparticles. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(6), 1294-1305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.06.026
Mamtha, B., Kavitha, K., Srinivasan, K. K., & Shivananda, P. G. (2004). An in vitro study of the effect of Centella asiatica [Indian pennywort] on enteric pathogens. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 36(1), 41.
Mittal, R., Kumar, R., & Chahal, H. S. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaves extracts and oil. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 201-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2166
Raghavendra, M. P., Satish, S., & Raveesha, K. A. (2006). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Oxalis corniculata; a known medicinal plant. My science, 1(1), 72-78.
Subbiya, A., Mahalakshmi, K., Pushpangadan, S., Padmavathy, K., Vivekanandan, P., & Sukumaran, V. G. (2013). Antibacterial efficacy of Mangifera indica L. kernel and Ocimum sanctum L. leaves against Enterococcus faecalis dentinal biofilm. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 16(5), 454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.117507
Taura, A. D. D. D. W., Musa, D. A., Ayuba, S. S., Shu'aibu, M., & Muhammad, A. U. (2020). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of and Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum Prosopis juliflora against some selected bacteria. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(3), 217-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31024/ajpp.2020.6.3.7
Vidhani, S. I., Vyas, V. G., Parmar, H. J., Bhalani, V. M., Hassan, M. M., Gaber, A., & Golakiya, B. A. (2016). Evaluation of some chemical composition, minerals fatty acid profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) from India. American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(2), 52-57.
Viji, M., & Murugesan, S. (2010). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. J Phytol, 2(1), 68-77.