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Abstract
The present study was carried out in three tourist spots viz., Maldevta, Lachhiwala and Sahastradhara of Doon Valley. Each study site was sub-divided in three subsites namely Control Site (CS), Moderately Disturbed Site (MDS) and Highly Disturbed Site (HDS). The tourist activities has declined the native species diversity and promoted the introduction of exotic species. It was observed that moderately disturbed sites and highly disturbed sites were dominated by species like Boerhaavia diffusa, Parthenium hysterophorous, Ageratum conyzoides, and Portula capilosa. In control sites, the dominance of native species like Artemesia nilagirica, Eulaliopsis binata, Eragro stistenella, Cynodon dactylon was observed. Tropical America and Tropical South American plants have contributed to 45% and 2% of the total invasive diversity respectively. Asteraceae with 13 species is the most dominant family of the site.
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References
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References
Buckley, R. 2004b. Environmental Impacts of Eco-tourism. CABI Publishing, New York.
Liddle, M., 1997. Rcreation Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London.
Leung, Y. nand Marion, J.L. 2000. Recreation impacts and management in wilderness : A state of knowledge review. In : D.N. Cole, S.F. McCool, W.T. Borrie and J. O'Loghlin (eds.) Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference, Vol. 5, Wilderness Ecosystem, Threats and Management, pp. 23-48, US Department of Agriculture, Missoula.
Biswas, S.R., J.K. Choudhry, A. Nishat, M.M. Rahman, 2007. Do Invasive Plants threaten the Sunderbana Mangroove Forest of Bangladesh? Forest Ecology and Management, 245 : 1-9.
Cottam. G. and Curtis, J. T. 1956. The use of distance measures in phytosociology sampling. Ecology, 37: 451-460.
Curtis, J. J. and McIntosh, R. P. 1950. The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology,31: 434-455.
Curtis, J. J. and McIntosh, R.P. 1951. An upland forest continum in the prairie forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology,32: 476-496.
Greig-Smith, P. 1964. Quantitative Plant Ecology. (2nd ed.) Butterworth Inc., Washington D.C., pp. 245.
Greig-Smith, P. 1983. Quantitative Plant Ecology. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif.
Mishra, R. 1968. Ecology work book. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.
Oosting, H.S. 1956. An introduction to plant ecology, 2nd ed. W.M. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, London, 440 pp.
Pielou, E.C. 1960. A single mechanism to account for regular, random and aggregated populations. J. Ecol.,48: 575-584.
Philips E. A. 1959. Methods Of Vegetation Study, A Holt Dryden Book. Henry Hott and Co. Inc., 107.
Whitford, P. B., 1949. Distribution of Woodland plants in relation to succession and clonal growth. Ecology,30: 199-208.