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Abstract
The paper deals with the study conducted for evaluation of the effects of chromium on the algal population by laboratory bioassay test. The results show that the algal species are affected differentially by the chromium concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 ppm.In general, the sensitive species to chromium include Closterium acutum, Closterium cambricum, Closterium venus, Crusigenia fenestrata, Kirchneriella contorta, Monoraphidium capricornutum, Monoraphidium contortum ,Scenedesmus acuminatus, Tetraedron trigonum, Anabaena incrassata, Chroococcus turgidus, Merismopedia tenuissima, Spirulina laxissima, Cylindrotheca gracils and Melosir agranulata. However, a few species like Navicula viridula, Cosmarium depressum, Kirchneriella microscopica and Microcystis aeruginosa were found to be tolerant to chromium, which could be exploited for their indicator value along with other species found tolerant by other workers.
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References
- Cairns, Jr., Dickson, K. L. and Maki, A. W. 1978. Estimating the Hazards of Chemical Substances to Aquatic Life. (Eds.) ASTM., Philadelphia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/STP657-EB
- Goel, P. K., Trivedi, R. K. and Nakate, S. S. 1987. Effect of refined mineral oils on fresh water phytoplankton. Environment and Ecology, 5(3) : 508-510.
- Goel, P. K. 1997. Water Pollution :Causes, Effects and Control, New Age International, (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi
- Goel, P. K. and Shete, R. G. 1997. Studies on the response of diversified algal community to diffferent concentrations of cadmium. In : M. P. Sinha (ed.) Recent Advances in Ecobiologica/ Research (Vol.I), A.P.H.Publishing Corporation New Delhi.
- Gohash, T. K. and Konar, S. K. 1980. Toxicity of chemicals in wastewaters ofpaper mills to worms, planktons and molluscs. Indian J. Environ. HIth., 22 (4) : 278-285.
- Kanth, S. 1989. Algae and heavy metal pollution. In: Y. N. Sahai, R. B. Deshmukh, T. A. Mathai, and K. S. Pillai, (eds.) Environmental Risk Assessment. The Academy of Environmental Biology, Muzaffarnagar, India.
- Palmer, C. M. 1980. Algae and Water Pollution. Castle House Publication, pp. 1-119.
- Patrick, R., Cairns, J. Jr. and Scheier, A. 1968. The relative sensivity of diatoms, snails, and fish to 20 common constituents of industrial wastes. Progressive Fish Culturist, 30:137-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1968)30[137:TRSODS]2.0.CO;2
- Patrick, R. 1978. Effects of trace metals in the aquatic ecosystem.Am. Sci., 66 : 185 --191.
- Rai, L. C., Gaur, J.P. and Kumar, H. D. 1981. Phycology and heavy metal pollution.Biol. Rev., 56 : 99--151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1981.tb00345.x
- Statton, G. W. and Corke, C. T. 1979. The efffect of cadmium ion on the growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogenase activity ofAnabaena inequqlis, Chemopsphere, 5· 277-82. • < DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(79)90109-7
- Strokes, P. M. 1983. Responses of freshwater algae to metals. In: F. E. Round and D. J. Chapman (eds.)Progress in Phycological Research, Elsevier Science Publ.,2 : 87-109.
- Trainer, F. R. 1984. Indicator algal assays: laboratory and field approaches. In: L. Elliot Shubert (ed.)Algae as Ecological Indicators, Academic Press, 1: 3-14.
- Welch, E. B. 1980. Ecological Effects of Wastewater, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.337. Whitton, B. A. 1970. Toxicity ofheavy metalsto freshwater algae-A review.Phykos, 9: 116-125.
- Whitton, B. A. 1980. Zinc in plants in rivers and streams. In: J. P. Nriagu (ed.) Zinc in the Environment. Part-IL Health Effects. J. Wiley, New York pp. 363-400.
- Whitton, B. A. 1984. Algae as monitors of heavy metals in fresh waters. In: L.Elliot Shubert (ed.) Algae as Ecological Indicators. Academic Press, 4 : 257-280.
References
Cairns, Jr., Dickson, K. L. and Maki, A. W. 1978. Estimating the Hazards of Chemical Substances to Aquatic Life. (Eds.) ASTM., Philadelphia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/STP657-EB
Goel, P. K., Trivedi, R. K. and Nakate, S. S. 1987. Effect of refined mineral oils on fresh water phytoplankton. Environment and Ecology, 5(3) : 508-510.
Goel, P. K. 1997. Water Pollution :Causes, Effects and Control, New Age International, (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi
Goel, P. K. and Shete, R. G. 1997. Studies on the response of diversified algal community to diffferent concentrations of cadmium. In : M. P. Sinha (ed.) Recent Advances in Ecobiologica/ Research (Vol.I), A.P.H.Publishing Corporation New Delhi.
Gohash, T. K. and Konar, S. K. 1980. Toxicity of chemicals in wastewaters ofpaper mills to worms, planktons and molluscs. Indian J. Environ. HIth., 22 (4) : 278-285.
Kanth, S. 1989. Algae and heavy metal pollution. In: Y. N. Sahai, R. B. Deshmukh, T. A. Mathai, and K. S. Pillai, (eds.) Environmental Risk Assessment. The Academy of Environmental Biology, Muzaffarnagar, India.
Palmer, C. M. 1980. Algae and Water Pollution. Castle House Publication, pp. 1-119.
Patrick, R., Cairns, J. Jr. and Scheier, A. 1968. The relative sensivity of diatoms, snails, and fish to 20 common constituents of industrial wastes. Progressive Fish Culturist, 30:137-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1968)30[137:TRSODS]2.0.CO;2
Patrick, R. 1978. Effects of trace metals in the aquatic ecosystem.Am. Sci., 66 : 185 --191.
Rai, L. C., Gaur, J.P. and Kumar, H. D. 1981. Phycology and heavy metal pollution.Biol. Rev., 56 : 99--151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1981.tb00345.x
Statton, G. W. and Corke, C. T. 1979. The efffect of cadmium ion on the growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogenase activity ofAnabaena inequqlis, Chemopsphere, 5· 277-82. • < DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(79)90109-7
Strokes, P. M. 1983. Responses of freshwater algae to metals. In: F. E. Round and D. J. Chapman (eds.)Progress in Phycological Research, Elsevier Science Publ.,2 : 87-109.
Trainer, F. R. 1984. Indicator algal assays: laboratory and field approaches. In: L. Elliot Shubert (ed.)Algae as Ecological Indicators, Academic Press, 1: 3-14.
Welch, E. B. 1980. Ecological Effects of Wastewater, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.337. Whitton, B. A. 1970. Toxicity ofheavy metalsto freshwater algae-A review.Phykos, 9: 116-125.
Whitton, B. A. 1980. Zinc in plants in rivers and streams. In: J. P. Nriagu (ed.) Zinc in the Environment. Part-IL Health Effects. J. Wiley, New York pp. 363-400.
Whitton, B. A. 1984. Algae as monitors of heavy metals in fresh waters. In: L.Elliot Shubert (ed.) Algae as Ecological Indicators. Academic Press, 4 : 257-280.