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Abstract
Phenol and Phenolic compounds are well known components in aqueous waste of many different pollution generating industries. These compounds must be regarded as hazardous to the environment and are resistant to biological degradation. Degradation of Phenol in the presence of hexavalent chromium was studied using phenol degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas putida. The bacteria was able to degrade phenol up to 80% in the absence of chromium but the degradation was increased up to 81.67% in the presence of 25mg/l initial concentration of chromium (VI). The degradation was declined further up to 21.67%, when concentration of Chromium (VI) was applied 50mg/l.
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References
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References
Annadurai G., Rajesh Babu S., Siva Kumar T and Murugesan T. 1999. Degradation of Phenol by a mixed culture of Pseudomonas putida (NICM 2174) and Pseudomonas pictorum (NICM 2074) adsorbed on chitosan. JEP 20 (7). 493-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004499900092
A.P.H.A. 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th edn., American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.
Buikema A. C. J., Mc Ginna M. J. and Carius J. 1979. Phenolics in aquatic ecosystems: A selected review of recent literature. Marine Env. Res., 2, 87-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(79)90006-0
Jossens L. 1978. Thermodynamics of multi-solute adsorption from dilute aqueous solution. Chem. Engg. Sci. 33, 1097-1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(78)85015-5
Molin G. and Nilsson I. 1985. Degradation of Phenol by Pseudomonas putida ATCC 11172 in continuous culture at different ratios of Biofilm surface to culture volume. App Environ Microbiol, Oct, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.50.4.946-950.1985
Petrilli F. L. and Flora S. De. 1977. Toxicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium on Salmonella typhimunium. App. Environ. Microbiol. 33, 805-809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.33.4.805-809.1977
Shen H. and Wang Y. 1995. Simultaneous Chromium Reduction and Phenol Degradation in a culture of Escherichia coli. ATTCC 33456 and Pseudomonas putida DMP-1. App. Environ. Microbiol. p 2754-2758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.7.2754-2758.1995
Singh K. S. and Viraraghavan T. 1996. Biodegradation potential of mono, di and trichlorophenols: review. Indian J. Environmental Protection. 17 (I), 1-9.
Throop W. M. 1975. Alternative methods of phenol waste water control. J. Hazardous Materials 1, 319-329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(75)80004-5
Zitomer D. H. and Speece R. W. 1993. Sequential environmental for enhanced biotransformation of aqueous contaminants. Env. Sci. Tech. 27, 227-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es00039a001