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Abstract
The history of Naini Lake Basin reveals that this beautiful scenic natural surrounding has been a victim of landslides, mass erosion, rock-fall and slumping. Its location in highest rainfall zone, weak lithology and topography are the obvious reasons for these activities. Moreover the rising anthropogenic interferences like construction activities and deforestation on this geo-dynamically unstable zone has added more to the problem. The manuscript accounts of incidences of landslide and erosion activities, their causes and effects afterwards. An effort to stratify and to mark the comparatively lesser stable zones and patches in and around the lake basin has been made to demarcate the risk prone belt. Adequate measures for environmental planning and proper implementation of such plans are the utmost need of the hour to safeguard not only the beautiful basin but also the olives and property of population living under the continuous threat of disaster.
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References
- Atkinson, E.T. 1973. The Himalayan Gazetteer: The Himalayan Districts of North-Western province. Vol. III, Part II. Cosmo Publications, (1973 Reprint) New Delhi, P.40.
- Bansal, R.C. and Mathur, H.N. 1976. Landslildes the nightmare of the hill road. Soil Conservation Digest, Dehradun, U.P. 4(1): 36-37.
- Bartarya, S.K. and Valdiya K.S. 1989. Landslides and erosion in the catchment of Gaula river, Kumaun Lesser Himalayas, India. Mountain Research and Development, 9(4): 405-419.
- Fookes, P.G., Sweeney, M, Mandy, C.N.D and Martin, R.F., 1985. Geological and geotectonical engineering aspects of low-cost road in mountain terrain. Engineering Geology, 21(1): 152.
- Gupta,V., R.K. Bhasin, A.M. Kaynia, R.S. Tandon, B. and Venkateshwarlu,2016. Landslide hazard in the Nainital city, Kumaun Himalaya, India: the case of September 2014 Balia Nala landslide, Natural Hazards, 80 (2): 863-877.
- Kotlia, B.S., Nakayama, K., Bhalla, M.S., Phartiya, B., Kosala, T., Joshi, M., Sanwal, J. and Pande R.N. 2001. Lithology And Magnetic Stratigraphy Of The Lower-Middle Siwalik Succession between Kathgodam and Ranibag, Kumaun Himalaya. Jour. GEOL. SOC. INDIA, 58: 411–423.
- Martin, J.H., Rawat, J.S. and Bartarya, S.K. 1989. Environmental indicators of landslide activity along the Kulbury road, Nainital. Kumaun lesser Himalayas. Mountain Research and Development, 9(1): 26.
- Pande, R. 2006. "Landslide of Rishikesh?Badrinath National Highway at Devprayag, District Tehri Garhwal, Uttaranchal (India)", Disaster Prevention and Management, 15 ( 2): 256-261.
- Rawat, J.S. 1988. Geomorphic outline of NainiTal watershed. Geographical Review of India. Vol. 50, No- 1, March – 1988, The Geographical Society of India Calcutta, P.55.
- Valdiya, K.S. 1988. Geology and Natural Environment of Naini Tal Hill, Kumaun Himalayas, Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, Pp141-145.
References
Atkinson, E.T. 1973. The Himalayan Gazetteer: The Himalayan Districts of North-Western province. Vol. III, Part II. Cosmo Publications, (1973 Reprint) New Delhi, P.40.
Bansal, R.C. and Mathur, H.N. 1976. Landslildes the nightmare of the hill road. Soil Conservation Digest, Dehradun, U.P. 4(1): 36-37.
Bartarya, S.K. and Valdiya K.S. 1989. Landslides and erosion in the catchment of Gaula river, Kumaun Lesser Himalayas, India. Mountain Research and Development, 9(4): 405-419.
Fookes, P.G., Sweeney, M, Mandy, C.N.D and Martin, R.F., 1985. Geological and geotectonical engineering aspects of low-cost road in mountain terrain. Engineering Geology, 21(1): 152.
Gupta,V., R.K. Bhasin, A.M. Kaynia, R.S. Tandon, B. and Venkateshwarlu,2016. Landslide hazard in the Nainital city, Kumaun Himalaya, India: the case of September 2014 Balia Nala landslide, Natural Hazards, 80 (2): 863-877.
Kotlia, B.S., Nakayama, K., Bhalla, M.S., Phartiya, B., Kosala, T., Joshi, M., Sanwal, J. and Pande R.N. 2001. Lithology And Magnetic Stratigraphy Of The Lower-Middle Siwalik Succession between Kathgodam and Ranibag, Kumaun Himalaya. Jour. GEOL. SOC. INDIA, 58: 411–423.
Martin, J.H., Rawat, J.S. and Bartarya, S.K. 1989. Environmental indicators of landslide activity along the Kulbury road, Nainital. Kumaun lesser Himalayas. Mountain Research and Development, 9(1): 26.
Pande, R. 2006. "Landslide of Rishikesh?Badrinath National Highway at Devprayag, District Tehri Garhwal, Uttaranchal (India)", Disaster Prevention and Management, 15 ( 2): 256-261.
Rawat, J.S. 1988. Geomorphic outline of NainiTal watershed. Geographical Review of India. Vol. 50, No- 1, March – 1988, The Geographical Society of India Calcutta, P.55.
Valdiya, K.S. 1988. Geology and Natural Environment of Naini Tal Hill, Kumaun Himalayas, Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, Pp141-145.