Main Article Content
Abstract
Candida is a commensal organism found in 40-80% of normal humans. Candidiasis is observed in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV-positive patients, it may also occur in blood and genital tract. The drug-resistant bacteria and fungal pathogens have further complicated the treatment of infectious diseases in immunocompromised, AIDS and cancer patients. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by Agar disc diffusion and Agar well diffusion method. The crude aqueous fractions and Methanolic extracts of leaves of Lantana camara and buds of Syzygium aromaticum were investigated for there antifungal activity against yeast Candida albicans. Methanolic extract of Syzygium was found to be effective against Candida while aqueous extract showed no activity. Both aqueous and methanolic extract of Lantana camara showed no antifungal activity. These observations could be the basis for the usefulness of the buds of Syzygium in treatment remedies for candidiasis or microbial infections.
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References
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References
Advani, S.H, 1992. Incidence of fungal disease increasing in cancer patients. Fungal challenge., 11-2.
Ahmad, I., Beg, A.Z., 2001. Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74: 113-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00335-4
Ahmad, I., Mehmood, Z., Mohammad, F., 1998. Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 62: 183•193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00055-5
Alade, P.I., lrobi, O.N., 1993. Antimicrobial activities of crude leaf extracts of Acalypha wilkensian. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 39: 171-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(93)90033-2
Barry, A.L. and Thornsberry, C., I 985. Susceptibility tests: Diffusion Test Procedures. In: Lennnette EH, Balows A, Hausler WJ, Shadomy HJ (eds) Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington, DC: Am. Soc. For Microbiol., 978-987.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C.and Turck, M.,I 996. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45:493-496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493
Chopra, R.N., S.L., Chopra, LC., 1992. Glossary of lndian Medicinal Plants, 3 edn. Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi. pp: 7-246.
Davis, J., 1994. Inactivation of antibiotic and the dissemination of resistance genes. Science, 264: 375•382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8153624
De doer, H.J., Kool, A., Broberg, A., Mziray, W.R., Hedberg, L,Levenfors, J.J., 2005. Antifungal and antibacterial activity of some herbal remedies from Tanzania J. Ethnopharmacol., 96: 461-469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.035
Diamond, R.D., 1993. The growing problem of mycoses in patients infested with human immunodeficiency virus. Review of Infectious Diseases, 13: 480-486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.3.480
Fontenelle, R.O.S., Morais, S.M., Brito, E.H.S., Brihante, R.S.N., Cordeiro, R.A; Nascimento, N.R.F; Kemntopf, M.R; Sidrim, J.J.C and Rochna, M.F.G. Antifungal activity of essential oils of Croton species from the Brazalian Caatinga biome. Journal of Applied Microbiology doi: l O. l l l 1/j.1365-2672.2007 .03 707 .x.
Hamza, O.J.M., Beukel, C., Matee, M. J., Ajam, V.V., Mikx, F. and Verweji, PE., 2006. Antifungal activity of some Tanzanian plants used traditionally for the treatment of fungal infections. J. Ethnopharmacol., 108(1):124-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.026
Heinerman J. Heinerman, 1996. Encyclopedia of Healing Herbs and Spices. Parker Publishing Co-west Nyack, Ny. pp: 255-257.
Janovska, D., Kubikova, K., Kokoska, L., 2003. Screening for antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant species of traditional Chinese medicine. Czech. J. Food Sci., 21:107-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/3485-CJFS
Moshi, M.J., Mbwambo, Z.H., Kapingu, M.C., Mhozya, V.H. and Marwa, C., 2006. Antimicrobial and Brine Shrimp Lethality of extracts of Terrninalia moll is Laws. Afri J. Trad. CAM., 3(3):1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v3i3.31166
Mulligen, M.E., Murry-leisure, K.A., Ribner, B.S., Standiford, H.C., John, J.F., Karvick, J.A., Kauffman, C.A., Yu, V.L., 1993. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. American Journal of Medicine, 94: 313-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(93)90063-U
Nimri, L.F., Meqdam, M.M., Alkofahi, A., 1999. Antibacterial activity of Jordanian medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 37(3): 196-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.37.3.196.6308
Lin, J., Opoku, A.R., Geheeb-keller, M., Hutchings, A.D., Terblanche, S.E., Jager, A.K., van Staden, J., 1999. Preliminary screening of some traditional Zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and anti• microbial activities. J.Ethnopharmacol., 68: 267•274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00130-0
Perez, C., Pauli, M., Bazerque, P., 1990. An antibiotic assay by the well agar method. Acta Biologiae et Medicine Experimentalis, 15: 113-115.
Piddock, K.J.V, Wise, R., 1989. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones and clinical perspective. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 23: 475-483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/23.4.475
Rinaldi, M.G., 1991. Problems in the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases. Review of Infectious Diseases, 13:493-495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.3.493
Robin, E.H., Anril, W., Alexander, M., Leoto, M., Keith, K.,1998.Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial resistance in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Heamophilus influenzae Type b in children under 5 years of agein Botswana International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3(1): 18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1201-9712(98)90090-X
Runyoro, D.K.B., Matee, M.LN., Ngassapa, O.D., Joseph, C. C. and Mbwambo, Z.H., 2006. Screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants for anti-Candida activity. BMC Complement Altern Med., 6: 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-6-11
Singh, M., Chaudhary, M.A., Yadava, J.N.S., Sanyal, S.C.,1992. The spectrum of antibiotic resistance in human and veterinary isolates of Escherichia coli collected from 1984-1986 in Northern India. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 29: 159-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/29.2.159