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Abstract
The present study was carried out to assess the drinking quality of raw water of the river Tawi, near Sitlee water treatment plant, water characteristics like temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, sodium, potassium, sulphate, silicate, nitrate, phosphate, iron, copper, zinc, lead and chromium, were conducted for a period of two years. Monthly range of these physico-chemical parameters is within the permissible limits of drinking water standards, except for turbidity and COD, during different months, during both the years.
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References
- APHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th edn. American Public Health Association. 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005– 2605.
- BIS: 10500, 1991. Indian standard specification for drinking water
- IS: 10500 - 91 (Bureau of Indian Standards) New Delhi: 1–4.
- Dhanapakiam, P., Sampoorni, V. and Kavitha, R., 1999. Assessment of water quality of the river Cauvery. J. Environ. Biol., 20(4): 347–352.
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- Hutchinson, G.E., 2004. A Treatise on Limnology, Vol. I (2).Chemistry of Lakes. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
- ICMR, 1975. Manual of Standards of Quality for Drinking Water Supplies. Indian Council of Medical Research, Special Report, No. 44:27.
- ISI, 1974. Tolerance limits for inland surface water when used as water for public water supplies and bathing ghats. Indian Standards Institute, New Delhi, IS: 2296.
- Jayaraman, P.R., Devi, T.G. and Nayar, T.V., 2003. Water quality studies on Karamana river, Thiruvananthapuram district, South Kerala, India. Poll. Res., 22(1): 89–100.
- Jhingran, V.G., 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India, 3rd edn. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, India: 666.
- Kaushik, A., Kumar, K., Kanchan, Taruna and Sharma, H.R., 2002. Water quality index and suitability assessment of urban ground water of Hisar and Panipat in Haryana. J. Environ. Biol., 23(3): 325–333.
- Khanna, D.R., 1993. Ecology and pollution of River Ganga. Ashis publishing house, New Delhi. pp: 1-241.
- Koshy, M. and Nayar, T.V., 2000. Water quality of river Pamba at Kozhencherry. Poll. Res., 19(4): 665–668.
- Negi, R.K., Negi, T. and Joshi, P.C., 2008. Study on physico- chemical parameters of Hinval fresh water stream and Ganga river water at Shivpuri in the Garhwal region. J. Env. Bio. Sc., 22(2): 203–212.
- Singh, J.P., Sakun, Singh and Khanna, D.R., 2006. Water quality status of river Ganga in respect of physico-chemical and microbial characteristics at AnupShahar, Dist., Bulandshar (U.P.), India. Env. Cons. J., 7(1-2): 29-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2006.071205
- Shivanikar, S.V., Patil, P.M., Vaidya, D.P. and Bandela, N.N., 1999. Environmental temperature fluctuation determine dissolved oxygen level in Godavari river water. Poll. Res., 18(4): 415–418.
- Wetzel, R.G., 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. Publ. by Academic Press, a Harcourt Science and Technology Company, USA.
- WHO, 1992. International Standards for Drinking Water, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
References
APHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th edn. American Public Health Association. 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005– 2605.
BIS: 10500, 1991. Indian standard specification for drinking water
IS: 10500 - 91 (Bureau of Indian Standards) New Delhi: 1–4.
Dhanapakiam, P., Sampoorni, V. and Kavitha, R., 1999. Assessment of water quality of the river Cauvery. J. Environ. Biol., 20(4): 347–352.
Horne, A.J. and Goldman, C.R., 1994. Limnology, 2nd edn. Mc Graw Hill Inc., New York.
Hutchinson, G.E., 2004. A Treatise on Limnology, Vol. I (2).Chemistry of Lakes. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
ICMR, 1975. Manual of Standards of Quality for Drinking Water Supplies. Indian Council of Medical Research, Special Report, No. 44:27.
ISI, 1974. Tolerance limits for inland surface water when used as water for public water supplies and bathing ghats. Indian Standards Institute, New Delhi, IS: 2296.
Jayaraman, P.R., Devi, T.G. and Nayar, T.V., 2003. Water quality studies on Karamana river, Thiruvananthapuram district, South Kerala, India. Poll. Res., 22(1): 89–100.
Jhingran, V.G., 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India, 3rd edn. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, India: 666.
Kaushik, A., Kumar, K., Kanchan, Taruna and Sharma, H.R., 2002. Water quality index and suitability assessment of urban ground water of Hisar and Panipat in Haryana. J. Environ. Biol., 23(3): 325–333.
Khanna, D.R., 1993. Ecology and pollution of River Ganga. Ashis publishing house, New Delhi. pp: 1-241.
Koshy, M. and Nayar, T.V., 2000. Water quality of river Pamba at Kozhencherry. Poll. Res., 19(4): 665–668.
Negi, R.K., Negi, T. and Joshi, P.C., 2008. Study on physico- chemical parameters of Hinval fresh water stream and Ganga river water at Shivpuri in the Garhwal region. J. Env. Bio. Sc., 22(2): 203–212.
Singh, J.P., Sakun, Singh and Khanna, D.R., 2006. Water quality status of river Ganga in respect of physico-chemical and microbial characteristics at AnupShahar, Dist., Bulandshar (U.P.), India. Env. Cons. J., 7(1-2): 29-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2006.071205
Shivanikar, S.V., Patil, P.M., Vaidya, D.P. and Bandela, N.N., 1999. Environmental temperature fluctuation determine dissolved oxygen level in Godavari river water. Poll. Res., 18(4): 415–418.
Wetzel, R.G., 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. Publ. by Academic Press, a Harcourt Science and Technology Company, USA.
WHO, 1992. International Standards for Drinking Water, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.