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Abstract
In the foothills of Shiwalik Himalaya, torrents are the prominent seasonal land features and characterized by high sediment ladder flash flow during monsoon period. These torrents have low banks and thus the flow frequently over tops the banks and causes floods in foot hill region to agricultural plain area. In present study, morphological, water and soil characteristics were studied with special references to torrential behavior and flow mechanics of torrent at Sabhawala watershed in Doon Valley of Garhwal Himalaya. The torrent gradient had varied from 1-75 to 2-62 % with flow velocity was 0.30 - 0.95 ms-1, occurred in Sabhawala watershed. Different forms of soil texture of torrent were observed and pH slightly alkaline consisting organic matter (%) as 0.24-0.95 in different zones of torrent The present study will provide resource based data for remedial measurement of torrent in other watersheds of Himalayan region.
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References
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References
Anderson, J.M., and Ingram, J.S.I., 1993. Tropical Soil Biology and fertility- a handbook of Method. 2nd edi., CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.
APHA, 1998.Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water 20th ed. Washington D.C.
Das, D. C., 1986. Watershed degradation: Assessment and management perspective in the Hindukush - Himalaya. Proc. Regional Workshop on Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes, UNESCO, BUET, Dhaka.
Eno, C.F.,1960. Nitrate production in the field by incubating soil in polythene bags. Soil Sci. Soc. Am Proc. 24:277-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040019x
Juyal, G.P., Bankey Bihari, Ghosh B.N and Rathor A.C., 2005. Cost effective technology for torrents treatment in Uttaranchal Shiwaliks. In : Proceeding of research conservation technology .pp.125.
Khanna, D.R. and Bhutiani, R., 2004 : Water analysis at a glance, ASEA Publication, Rishikesh
Sharma, B.D., Sidhu, P.S., Kumar, R. and Sawhney, J.S., 1997. Characterization, classification and landscape relationships of Inceptisols in North-West India, J India Soc.Soil Sci., 45(1): 167-174.
Singh, K.A., 1990. Impact of various land uses on soil properties of sloping hills in Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya. Indian J. Soil Cons., 27(1): 70-73.
Walkley, A. and Black, C.A., 1934. An examination of the digestion method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37: 29-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Yadav, R.C., and Bhushan, L.S., 2002. Conservation of gullies in susceptible riparian areas of alluvial soil regions. Land Degradation and Development, 13: 201-219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.493