Main Article Content
Abstract
Fusarium wilts of linseed caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini have been identified in nearly all linseed-producing countries of the world. A comparison of phytoextract, chemical, and bio control agents against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini was conducted. Among the phytoextracts tested, Neem extract exhibited the highest antifungal activity in inhibiting the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. lini at 5, 15, and 30% concentrations. In terms of biocontrol agents, T. virens was identified as the most efficient antagonist against F. oxysporum f.sp. lini. It significantly inhibited pathogen mycelial growth, displaying the highest level of inhibition. Among the chemical fungicides assessed, propiconazole exhibited the lowest mycelial growth of the pathogen and outperformed the other fungicides, with difenoconazole following as the next most effective.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2023 Environment Conservation Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- Anonymous. (2015) Statistical analysis of India, 2015
- Arunodhayam, K., Reddy, N. E., & Madhuri, V. (2014). Pathogenicity and management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.-a review. Current Biotica, 7(4), 343-358.
- Bhujbal, M. M., C. D. Deokar, D. A. Bachkar, J. S. Suryawanshi and Daingade, N. M. 2021. In vitro Efficacy of Fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing Fusarium Wilt of Tomato. International Journal of Current DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.075
- Microbiology and Applied Sciences (IJCMAS)10(01): 623-627.
- Cunnane, S. C., Ganguli, S., Menard, C., Liede, A. C., Hamadeh, M. J., Chen, Z. Y., & Jenkins, D. J. (1993). High α-linolenic acid flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): some nutritional properties in humans. British Journal of Nutrition, 69(2), 443-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19930046
- Dahal, N., & Shrestha, R. K. (2018). Evaluation of efficacy of fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis in vitro at Lamjung, Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 35(1), 105-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22520
- Gerard, E., Chandrasekar & Kurucheve, V. (1994). Effect of six selected plant products and oil cakes on the Sclerotial production and germination of Rhizoctonia solani. Indian Phytopathology, 47(2): 183-185.
- Jagraj, S., Vipul, K., Seweta, S., Adesh, K., & Vinit, P. S. (2018). In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing tomato wilt. Plant Pathology Journal (Faisalabad), 17(2), 59-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2018.59.64
- Jain, A. K., Kumar, A., Chouhan, S. S. & Tripathi, S. K. (2017). Cultural characteristics and evaluation of Trichoderma isolates against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn causing banded leaf and sheath blight of Little Millet. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 25(1): 140-143.
- Khaleel, M., Subhani, M. N., Ali, A., Sahi, S. T., Hussain, S., & Abbas, W. (2014). In vitro evaluation of homeo-fungicides and methanolic plant extracts against mycellial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi causing wilt disease in pea. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 26(2), 247-251.
- Kharte, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, S., Ramakrishnan, R. S., Kumar, S., Malvi, S., Singh Y. & Kurmi S. (2022). In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides and Bioagents for the Management of Lentil Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(4): 489-495.
- Kishore R., Manjul, P., Tripathi, U. K., & Jyoti, S. (2011). Evaluation of elite genotypes of linseed against Fusarium wilt. Indian Phytopathology, 64(2).
- Kumar, A., Bansal, R. D. & Chelak Y. K. (2019). Compatibility of Trichoderma viride with Fungicides for Plant Disease Management. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (IJPAB)7 (3): 44-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7333
- Kumar, A., Jain, A. K., Singh, J., Tripathi, S. K. & Tiwari, R. K. (2016). In vitro studies on cultural characterization of a repository of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. from Madhya Pradesh. Indian Phytopathology, 69(4s), 482-485.
- Kumar, A., Sahu, T. K., Bhalla, A. & Jain, A. K. (2013b). Morphological characterization of Trichoderma harzianum from Madhya Pradesh. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 22(1): 190-239.
- Kumar, A. & Sahu, T. K. (2015). Use of local isolates of Trichoderma from Madhya Pradesh against Rhizoctonia solani causing wet root rot of chickpea. Environment and Ecology, 33(4): 1553-1557.
- Kumar, A., & Sahu, T. K. (2014). Studies on substrate evaluation for mass multiplication of Trichoderma species and their plant growth promotion activity in tomato. International journal of plant protection, 7(2), 382-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15740/HAS/IJPP/7.2/382-388
- Kumar, A., Bohra, A., Mir, R. R., Sharma, R., Tiwari, A., Khan, M. W. & Varshney, R. K. (2021). Next generation breeding in pulses: Present status and future directions. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 21(s), e394221S13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa26
- Kumar, A., Govil, M., Singh, S., Sharma, K. K., Tripathi, S. K., Tiwari, R. K., Tripathi, A. N. & Singh, S. (2015). Role of Microorganisms in Bioremediation: A Comprehensive Model Using Trichoderma spp. Handbook of research on uncovering new methods for ecosystem management through bioremediation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8682-3.ch002
- Kumar, A., Jain, A. K., Sahu, T. K., Singh, T. K. & Shivcharan, S. (2013a). Exploration of potential biocontrol agent Trichoderma spp. from Madhya Pradesh against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing wilt of chickpea. Environment and Ecology, 31(2B), 877-882.
- Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Srivastava, R. & Sharma, A. K. (2009). Fungal biocontrol agents (BCAS) and their metabolites. In. Agricultural Diversification: Problems and Prospects (Eds. by A.K. Sharma, S. Wahab and R. Srivastava). I. K. International, New Delhi, 44-56 pp.
- Kumar, A., Patel, A., Singh, S. N. & Tiwari, R. K. (2019). Effect of Trichoderma spp. in Plant Growth Promotion in Chilli. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 8(3), 1574-1581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.803.182
- Kumar, A., Sahu, T. K., Bhalla, A. & Solanki, S. (2014). Influence of Trichoderma spp. against Ustilaginoidea virens inciting false smut of rice. Environment and Ecology, 32(1): 163-168.
- Ma, L. J., Van Der Does, H. C., Borkovich, K. A., Coleman, J. J., Daboussi, M. J., Di Pietro, A., & Rep, M. (2013). Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium. Nature, 464(7287), 367-373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08850
- Michielse, C. B., & Rep, M. (2009). Pathogen profile update: Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular plant pathology, 10(3), 311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00538.x
- More, D.R. (2016). Investigation on wilt of linseed caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini. (Bolley) Synder and Hansen” M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth Parbhani, p 72
- Niwas, R., Chand, G., & Azad, C. (2020). In vitro evaluation of fungicides against growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causing panama wilt disease of Banana. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 8, 130-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1b.8243
- Patra, S., & Biswas, M. K. (2016). Efficacy of fungicides for the management of chickpea wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(10), 1457-1461.
- Purohit, A., Sharma, R., Ramakrishnan, R.S., Sharma, S., Kumar, A., Jain, D., Kushwaha, H.S., and Elina, M. (2022) Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and evaluation of their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Application. 2022, 6825150. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6825150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6825150
- Ravichandran, S., & Hedge, Y. R. (2015). Evaluation of fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum ciceri causing chickpea wilt. Chemical Science Review and Letters, 4, 1042-1046.
- Rozhmina, T. A., & Loshakova, N. I. (2016). New sources of effective resistance genes to fusarium wilt in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) depending on temperature. Agric. Biol, 51, 310-317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.3.310eng
- Sharma, R.L., Singh, B.P., Thakur, M.P. & Verma, K.P. (2002). Chemical management of linseed wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 10(2): 390-391
- Singh, P.K., Khan, A., Gogoi, R. & Jaiswal, R.K. (2010). Plant leaf extracts and bio agents for eco-friendly management of wilt of pigeon pea caused by Fusarium udum. Indian Phytopathology, 63(3): 343 – 344.
- Snyder, W. C., & Hansen, H. N. (1941). The effect of light on taxonomic characters in Fusarium. Mycologia, 33(6), 580-591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1941.12020853
- Sreenu, B., & Zacharia, S. (2017). In vitro screening of plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and carbendazim against Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici on Tomato. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(8), 818-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.103
- Srivastava, R., Joshi, M., Kumar, A., Pachauri, S. & Sharma, A. K. (2009). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. In. Agricultural Diversification: Problems and Prospects (Eds. By A.K. Sharma, S. Wahab and R. Srivastava). I.K. International, New Delhi, 57-71 pp.
- Taskeen-Un-Nisa, W. A., Bhat, M. Y., Pala, S. A., & Mir, R. A. (2011). In vitro inhibitory effect of fungicides and botanicals on mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Biopesticides, 4(1), 53-56.
- Vani, M. S., Kumar, S., & Gulya, R. (2019). In vitro evaluation of fungicides and plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt of mungbean. The Pharma Innovation, 8, 297-302.
- Vincent, J. M. (1947). Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature, 159(4051), 850-850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/159850b0
References
Anonymous. (2015) Statistical analysis of India, 2015
Arunodhayam, K., Reddy, N. E., & Madhuri, V. (2014). Pathogenicity and management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.-a review. Current Biotica, 7(4), 343-358.
Bhujbal, M. M., C. D. Deokar, D. A. Bachkar, J. S. Suryawanshi and Daingade, N. M. 2021. In vitro Efficacy of Fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing Fusarium Wilt of Tomato. International Journal of Current DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.075
Microbiology and Applied Sciences (IJCMAS)10(01): 623-627.
Cunnane, S. C., Ganguli, S., Menard, C., Liede, A. C., Hamadeh, M. J., Chen, Z. Y., & Jenkins, D. J. (1993). High α-linolenic acid flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): some nutritional properties in humans. British Journal of Nutrition, 69(2), 443-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19930046
Dahal, N., & Shrestha, R. K. (2018). Evaluation of efficacy of fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis in vitro at Lamjung, Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 35(1), 105-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22520
Gerard, E., Chandrasekar & Kurucheve, V. (1994). Effect of six selected plant products and oil cakes on the Sclerotial production and germination of Rhizoctonia solani. Indian Phytopathology, 47(2): 183-185.
Jagraj, S., Vipul, K., Seweta, S., Adesh, K., & Vinit, P. S. (2018). In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing tomato wilt. Plant Pathology Journal (Faisalabad), 17(2), 59-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2018.59.64
Jain, A. K., Kumar, A., Chouhan, S. S. & Tripathi, S. K. (2017). Cultural characteristics and evaluation of Trichoderma isolates against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn causing banded leaf and sheath blight of Little Millet. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 25(1): 140-143.
Khaleel, M., Subhani, M. N., Ali, A., Sahi, S. T., Hussain, S., & Abbas, W. (2014). In vitro evaluation of homeo-fungicides and methanolic plant extracts against mycellial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi causing wilt disease in pea. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 26(2), 247-251.
Kharte, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, S., Ramakrishnan, R. S., Kumar, S., Malvi, S., Singh Y. & Kurmi S. (2022). In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides and Bioagents for the Management of Lentil Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(4): 489-495.
Kishore R., Manjul, P., Tripathi, U. K., & Jyoti, S. (2011). Evaluation of elite genotypes of linseed against Fusarium wilt. Indian Phytopathology, 64(2).
Kumar, A., Bansal, R. D. & Chelak Y. K. (2019). Compatibility of Trichoderma viride with Fungicides for Plant Disease Management. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (IJPAB)7 (3): 44-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7333
Kumar, A., Jain, A. K., Singh, J., Tripathi, S. K. & Tiwari, R. K. (2016). In vitro studies on cultural characterization of a repository of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. from Madhya Pradesh. Indian Phytopathology, 69(4s), 482-485.
Kumar, A., Sahu, T. K., Bhalla, A. & Jain, A. K. (2013b). Morphological characterization of Trichoderma harzianum from Madhya Pradesh. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 22(1): 190-239.
Kumar, A. & Sahu, T. K. (2015). Use of local isolates of Trichoderma from Madhya Pradesh against Rhizoctonia solani causing wet root rot of chickpea. Environment and Ecology, 33(4): 1553-1557.
Kumar, A., & Sahu, T. K. (2014). Studies on substrate evaluation for mass multiplication of Trichoderma species and their plant growth promotion activity in tomato. International journal of plant protection, 7(2), 382-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15740/HAS/IJPP/7.2/382-388
Kumar, A., Bohra, A., Mir, R. R., Sharma, R., Tiwari, A., Khan, M. W. & Varshney, R. K. (2021). Next generation breeding in pulses: Present status and future directions. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 21(s), e394221S13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332021v21sa26
Kumar, A., Govil, M., Singh, S., Sharma, K. K., Tripathi, S. K., Tiwari, R. K., Tripathi, A. N. & Singh, S. (2015). Role of Microorganisms in Bioremediation: A Comprehensive Model Using Trichoderma spp. Handbook of research on uncovering new methods for ecosystem management through bioremediation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8682-3.ch002
Kumar, A., Jain, A. K., Sahu, T. K., Singh, T. K. & Shivcharan, S. (2013a). Exploration of potential biocontrol agent Trichoderma spp. from Madhya Pradesh against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing wilt of chickpea. Environment and Ecology, 31(2B), 877-882.
Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Srivastava, R. & Sharma, A. K. (2009). Fungal biocontrol agents (BCAS) and their metabolites. In. Agricultural Diversification: Problems and Prospects (Eds. by A.K. Sharma, S. Wahab and R. Srivastava). I. K. International, New Delhi, 44-56 pp.
Kumar, A., Patel, A., Singh, S. N. & Tiwari, R. K. (2019). Effect of Trichoderma spp. in Plant Growth Promotion in Chilli. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 8(3), 1574-1581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.803.182
Kumar, A., Sahu, T. K., Bhalla, A. & Solanki, S. (2014). Influence of Trichoderma spp. against Ustilaginoidea virens inciting false smut of rice. Environment and Ecology, 32(1): 163-168.
Ma, L. J., Van Der Does, H. C., Borkovich, K. A., Coleman, J. J., Daboussi, M. J., Di Pietro, A., & Rep, M. (2013). Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium. Nature, 464(7287), 367-373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08850
Michielse, C. B., & Rep, M. (2009). Pathogen profile update: Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular plant pathology, 10(3), 311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00538.x
More, D.R. (2016). Investigation on wilt of linseed caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini. (Bolley) Synder and Hansen” M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth Parbhani, p 72
Niwas, R., Chand, G., & Azad, C. (2020). In vitro evaluation of fungicides against growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causing panama wilt disease of Banana. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 8, 130-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1b.8243
Patra, S., & Biswas, M. K. (2016). Efficacy of fungicides for the management of chickpea wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(10), 1457-1461.
Purohit, A., Sharma, R., Ramakrishnan, R.S., Sharma, S., Kumar, A., Jain, D., Kushwaha, H.S., and Elina, M. (2022) Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and evaluation of their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Application. 2022, 6825150. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6825150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6825150
Ravichandran, S., & Hedge, Y. R. (2015). Evaluation of fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum ciceri causing chickpea wilt. Chemical Science Review and Letters, 4, 1042-1046.
Rozhmina, T. A., & Loshakova, N. I. (2016). New sources of effective resistance genes to fusarium wilt in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) depending on temperature. Agric. Biol, 51, 310-317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.3.310eng
Sharma, R.L., Singh, B.P., Thakur, M.P. & Verma, K.P. (2002). Chemical management of linseed wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 10(2): 390-391
Singh, P.K., Khan, A., Gogoi, R. & Jaiswal, R.K. (2010). Plant leaf extracts and bio agents for eco-friendly management of wilt of pigeon pea caused by Fusarium udum. Indian Phytopathology, 63(3): 343 – 344.
Snyder, W. C., & Hansen, H. N. (1941). The effect of light on taxonomic characters in Fusarium. Mycologia, 33(6), 580-591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1941.12020853
Sreenu, B., & Zacharia, S. (2017). In vitro screening of plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and carbendazim against Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici on Tomato. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(8), 818-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.103
Srivastava, R., Joshi, M., Kumar, A., Pachauri, S. & Sharma, A. K. (2009). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. In. Agricultural Diversification: Problems and Prospects (Eds. By A.K. Sharma, S. Wahab and R. Srivastava). I.K. International, New Delhi, 57-71 pp.
Taskeen-Un-Nisa, W. A., Bhat, M. Y., Pala, S. A., & Mir, R. A. (2011). In vitro inhibitory effect of fungicides and botanicals on mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Biopesticides, 4(1), 53-56.
Vani, M. S., Kumar, S., & Gulya, R. (2019). In vitro evaluation of fungicides and plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt of mungbean. The Pharma Innovation, 8, 297-302.
Vincent, J. M. (1947). Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature, 159(4051), 850-850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/159850b0