Main Article Content
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of2020 with four main plot treatments consisting of irrigation levels (No post sowing irrigation, one irrigation at the flower initiation stage, one irrigation at the pod filling stage and two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage) and five subplot treatments as genotypes viz., MH 1142, MH 1468, MH 1703, MH 1762 and MH 1871 following split plot design by replicating thrice. Irrigating green gram, irrespective of the growth stage, increased the seed yield significantly. Two irrigations each at the flower initiation and podding stage bring about greater seed economic yield of green gram than 1 irrigation either at each stage. Among single irrigations, flower initiation stage provided significantly superior (8.6 %) seed yield compared to the pod filling stage. During the flower initiation stage, no rain and irrigation at this stage led to more development of crop plants, as is evident from a higher number of branches per plant and, ultimately, a higher number of pods. Two irrigations, i.e., each at flower initiation and podding phase, lead to considerably greater seed output than single irrigation at either growth stage, which may be attributed to the sufficient supply of water, which indirectly provided a smooth supply of nutrients to crop plants. The increase was 18.4 and 28.6 per cent over-irrigation at flowering and podding stage, respectively. Seed yield varied among green gram genotypes, which might be because of variations in the genetic potential of the genotypes. Genotype MH 1871 produced significantly higher seed yield among different genotypes. The cumulative effect of yield traits viz. pods per plant, branches per plant, seed index and seeds per pod attributed to the higher seed yield in MH 1871. This genotype was more efficient in utilizing radiations, as evident from the higher chlorophyll content recorded in this genotype. Genotype MH 1142 was the lowest yielder and MH 1762 although produced. To obtain a higher yield of green gram, genotype MH 1871 be taken with two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2023 Environment Conservation Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- Ali, M. & Kumar, S. (2004). Prospects of green gram in rice-wheat cropping systems in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. In: Proceedings of the Final Workshop and Planning Meeting. Improving Income and Nutrition by Incorporating Green gram in Cereal Fallows in the Indo- Gangetic Plains of South Asia, S. Shanmugasundaram (ed.). D.F.I.D. Green gram Project for 2002–2004, 27–31 May 2004, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, pp. 246-254
- Assaduzaman, M., M.F. Karim, M.J. Ullah & M. Hasanuzzaman. (2008). Response of green gram to
- Bakhsh, I., I.U. Awan and M.S. & Baloch. (1999). Effect of various irrigation frequencies on yield and yield components of sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 2, 194-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.194.195
- Chaudhary, A.N., Vihol, K.J. & Mor, V.B. (2014). Water use efficiency, yield, available nutrient and economics of greengram (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) as influenced by plant density and irrigation management. Trends in Bio Science, 7(22), 3761-3764.
- Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Abriz, S.F., Hassannejad, S. & Hassanpour-Bourkheili, S. (2014). Some physiological responses of mung-bean at different plant densities to water deficit. International Journal of Bio Science, 4(12), 19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/4.12.19-26
- Gomez, K.A. & A.A. Gomez (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. A Wiley Inte. Sci. Publication, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
- Hamid, A., F. Kubota, W. Agata & M. Morokuma. (2012). Photosynthesis, transpiration, dry matter accumulation and yield performance of green gram plant in response to water stress, J. Fac. Agric. Kyushu Univ., 35, 81-92 (1990) Lalinia, A.A., Hoseini, N.M., Galostian, M., Bahabadi, S.E. and Khameneh, M.M.: Echophysiological impact of water stress on growth and development of green gram. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3(12), 599-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5109/23953
- Ibrahim, S.A., Desoky, E. & Elrys, A.S. (2017). Influencing of water stress and micronutrients on physio-chemical attributes, yield and anatomical features of Common Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Egyptian Journal of Agronomy, 39(3), 251-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2017.1214.1066
- Jain, R.C., Nema, D.P., Khandwe, R. &Thakur, R. (1990). Effect of phosphorus and potassium on yield, nutrient uptake and oil contents of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 60, 559- 566.
- Jordan W.R. & Ritichie J.T. (2002). Influence of soil water stress on evaporation, root absorption and internal water status of cotton. Plant Physiology, 48, 783-788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.48.6.783
- Khadraji A. & Ghoulam C. (2017). Effect of drought on growth, physiological and biochemical processes of chickpea- rhizobia symbiosis. Legume Research- An International Journal, 40 (1), 94-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.3771
- Khan, I.A. (2001). The growth and yield responses of mungbean to variable seeding densities and irrigation levels. Crop Husbandry, 16, 115-120
- Kumar, S., Bamboriya, S.D., Rani, K., Meena, R.S., Sheoran, S., Loyal, A., Kumawat, A. & Jhariya, M.K., 2022. Grain legumes: A diversified diet for sustainable livelihood, food, and nutritional security. In Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification (pp. 157-178). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00007-0
- Kumar, S., Gopinath, K.A., Sheoran, S., Meena, R.S., Srinivasarao, Ch., Bedwal, S., Jangir, C.K., Mrunalini, K., Jat, R.D. & Praharaj, C.S., 2023. Pulse-based Cropping Systems for Soil Health Restoration, Resources Conservation, Nutritional and Environmental Security in Rainfed Agroecosystems. Front. Microbiol., Doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041124
- Kumar, S., Meena, R.S., Sheoran, S., Jangir, C.K., Jhariya, M.K., Banerjee, A. & Raj, A., 2022a. Remote sensing for agriculture and resource management. In Natural Resources Conservation and Advances for Sustainability (pp. 91-135). Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822976-7.00012-0
- Kumar, S., Sharma, S.K., Dhaka, A.K., Bedwal, S., Sheoran, S., Meena, R.S., Jangir, C.K., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Jat, R.D., Meena, A.K., Gaber, A., & Hossain, A., 2023a. Efficient nutrient management for enhancing crop productivity, quality and nutrient dynamics in Lens culinaris Medik. in the semi-arid region of northern India. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280636
- Kumar, S., Sharma, S.K., Thakral, S.K., Bhardwaj, K.K., Jhariya, M.K., Meena, R.S., Jangir, C.K., Bedwal, S., Jat, R.D., Gaber, A. & Atta, A.A., 2022b. Integrated Nutrient Management Improves the Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Lens culinaris Medik. Sustainability, 14(3), p.1284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031284
- Kumar, S., Singh, M.K., Meena, R.S. & Hingonia, K., 2017. Influence of crop geometry and cultivars on growth, yield and production efficiency of dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(4), pp.2469-2476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1555
- Malik, M.F.A., Awan, S.I. & Niaz, S. (2008). Comparative study of quantitative traits and association of yield and its components in black gram (Vigna mungo) genotypes. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 7(1), 26-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.26.29
- Masomi A, Kafi M, Nezami A. and Hoseini H. (2006). Effects drought stress on morphological characteristics of Cheek pea genotypes in greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3 (2), 277-289.
- Meena, R.S. & Kumar, S., 2022. Legume-based agroecosystem for sustainable intensification: An overview. Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification, pp.3-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00034-3
- Meena, R.S., Kumar, S., Sheoran, S., Jhariya, M.K., Bhatt, R., Yadav, G.S., Gopinath, K.A., Rao, C.S. & Lal, R., 2021. Soil Organic Carbon Restoration in India: Programs, Policies, and Thrust Areas. In Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future (pp. 305-338). C.R.C. Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003102762-13
- Meena, R.S., Yadav, A., Kumar, S., Jhariya, M.K. & Jatav, S.S., (2022). Agriculture ecosystem models for CO2 sequestration, improving soil physicochemical properties, and restoring degraded land. Ecological Engineering, 176, p.106546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106546
- Mondal, R., Ali, J., Biswas, S., Das, S., Dutta, D. & Sarkar, T. (2018). Effect of different levels of irrigation and nutrient on growth and yield of Summer Green gram cv. Bireswar in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. International Journal of Crop Science, 6(1), 386-390.
- Nielson D.C. and Nelson N.O. (1998). Black Bean Sensitivity to Water Stress at Various Growth Stages. Crop Science, 38, 422-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020025x
- nitrogen and irrigation management American- green gram varieties. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 3, 40-43.
- Rahim, M.A., Mia, A.A., Mahmud, F., Zeba, N. & Afrin, K.S. (2010). Genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence in Green gram ('Vigna radiata'L. Wilczek). Plant Omics, 3(1),1-6.
- Rambabu, B., Padma, V., Thatikunta, R. & Sunil, N. (2016). Effect of drought stress on chlorophyll content and anti-oxidant enzymes of green gram genotypes (Vigna Radiata L.). Nature Environment Pollution Technology, 15(4), 1205.
- Roy, O., Meena, R.S., Kumar, S., Jhariya, M.K. & Pradhan, G., 2022. Assessment of land use systems for CO2 sequestration, carbon credit potential, and income security in Vindhyan region, India. Land Degradation & Development, 33(4), pp.670-682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4181
- Sadeghipour, O. (2009). The Influence of Water Stress on Biomass and Harvest Index in Three Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) Cultivars. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 8(3), 245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2009.245.249
- Sangakkara, U.R. (1994). Yield and seed quality of mungbean as affected by irrigation in a dry season. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 172(5), 327-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00183.x
- Satya, Charan, M.S.S. and Sanjay-Swami. (2021). Performance of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under phosphorus and boron fertilisation in acid inceptisol of Meghalaya. Journal of Environmental Biology, 42, 534-543.
- Savaliya, H.B., Narwade, A.V., Zinzala, V.N. & Faldu, T.A. (2019). Effect of water stress on biochemical characteristics of summer Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). International Journal of Crop Science, 7(1), 862-868
- Sheoran, S., Gupta, M., Kumari, S., Kumar, S. & Rakshit, S., 2022. Meta-QTL analysis and candidate genes identification for various abiotic stresses in maise (Zea mays L.) and their implications in breeding programs. Molecular Breeding, 42(5), pp.1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-022-01294-9
- Sheoran, S., Kumar, S., Kumar, P., Meena, R.S. & Rakshit, S., 2021. Nitrogen fixation in maise: breeding opportunities. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 134(5), pp.1263-1280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03791-5
- Sheoran, S., Kumar, S., Ramtekey, V., Kar, P., Meena, R.S. & Jangir, C.K., 2022a. Current Status and Potential of Biofortification to Enhance Crop Nutritional Quality: An Overview. Sustainability, 14(6), p.3301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063301
- Sheoran, S., Thribhuvan, R., Saini, M., Ramtekey, V., Kumar, S., Meena, R.S., Banerjee, A. & Jangir, C.K., 2022b. Conventional, genomics, and post-genomics era of pulses breeding: Current status and future prospects. Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification, pp.553-574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00002-1
- Siddique, M., Malik, M.F.A. & Awan, S.I. (2006). Genetic divergence, association and performance evaluation of different genotypes of green gram (Vigna radiata). International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 8(6), 793-795.
- Siddique, M.R.B., Hamid, A.I.M.S. & Islam, M.S. (2000). Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botanical Bulletin- Academia Sinica Taipei, 41(1), 35-39.
- Sihag, S.K., Singh, M.K., Meena, R.S., Naga, S., Bahadur, S.R. & Gaurav, Y.R., 2015. Influences of spacing on growth and yield potential of dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Ecoscan, 9(1-2), pp.517-519.
- Srivalli B., Sharma G. &Khanna-Chopra R. (2003). Antioxidative defence system in an upland rice cultivar subjected to increasing intensity of water stress followed by recovery. Plant Physiol. 119, 503– 512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1399-3054.2003.00125.x
- Summy, S.K., Boora, K.S. & Kumar, N. (2015). Plant water status, canopy temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence in relation to yield improvement in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under soil moisture stress environments. Journal of Agrometerology, 17(1), 11-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54386/jam.v17i1.969
References
Ali, M. & Kumar, S. (2004). Prospects of green gram in rice-wheat cropping systems in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. In: Proceedings of the Final Workshop and Planning Meeting. Improving Income and Nutrition by Incorporating Green gram in Cereal Fallows in the Indo- Gangetic Plains of South Asia, S. Shanmugasundaram (ed.). D.F.I.D. Green gram Project for 2002–2004, 27–31 May 2004, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, pp. 246-254
Assaduzaman, M., M.F. Karim, M.J. Ullah & M. Hasanuzzaman. (2008). Response of green gram to
Bakhsh, I., I.U. Awan and M.S. & Baloch. (1999). Effect of various irrigation frequencies on yield and yield components of sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 2, 194-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.194.195
Chaudhary, A.N., Vihol, K.J. & Mor, V.B. (2014). Water use efficiency, yield, available nutrient and economics of greengram (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) as influenced by plant density and irrigation management. Trends in Bio Science, 7(22), 3761-3764.
Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Abriz, S.F., Hassannejad, S. & Hassanpour-Bourkheili, S. (2014). Some physiological responses of mung-bean at different plant densities to water deficit. International Journal of Bio Science, 4(12), 19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/4.12.19-26
Gomez, K.A. & A.A. Gomez (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. A Wiley Inte. Sci. Publication, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Hamid, A., F. Kubota, W. Agata & M. Morokuma. (2012). Photosynthesis, transpiration, dry matter accumulation and yield performance of green gram plant in response to water stress, J. Fac. Agric. Kyushu Univ., 35, 81-92 (1990) Lalinia, A.A., Hoseini, N.M., Galostian, M., Bahabadi, S.E. and Khameneh, M.M.: Echophysiological impact of water stress on growth and development of green gram. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3(12), 599-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5109/23953
Ibrahim, S.A., Desoky, E. & Elrys, A.S. (2017). Influencing of water stress and micronutrients on physio-chemical attributes, yield and anatomical features of Common Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Egyptian Journal of Agronomy, 39(3), 251-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2017.1214.1066
Jain, R.C., Nema, D.P., Khandwe, R. &Thakur, R. (1990). Effect of phosphorus and potassium on yield, nutrient uptake and oil contents of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 60, 559- 566.
Jordan W.R. & Ritichie J.T. (2002). Influence of soil water stress on evaporation, root absorption and internal water status of cotton. Plant Physiology, 48, 783-788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.48.6.783
Khadraji A. & Ghoulam C. (2017). Effect of drought on growth, physiological and biochemical processes of chickpea- rhizobia symbiosis. Legume Research- An International Journal, 40 (1), 94-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.3771
Khan, I.A. (2001). The growth and yield responses of mungbean to variable seeding densities and irrigation levels. Crop Husbandry, 16, 115-120
Kumar, S., Bamboriya, S.D., Rani, K., Meena, R.S., Sheoran, S., Loyal, A., Kumawat, A. & Jhariya, M.K., 2022. Grain legumes: A diversified diet for sustainable livelihood, food, and nutritional security. In Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification (pp. 157-178). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00007-0
Kumar, S., Gopinath, K.A., Sheoran, S., Meena, R.S., Srinivasarao, Ch., Bedwal, S., Jangir, C.K., Mrunalini, K., Jat, R.D. & Praharaj, C.S., 2023. Pulse-based Cropping Systems for Soil Health Restoration, Resources Conservation, Nutritional and Environmental Security in Rainfed Agroecosystems. Front. Microbiol., Doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041124
Kumar, S., Meena, R.S., Sheoran, S., Jangir, C.K., Jhariya, M.K., Banerjee, A. & Raj, A., 2022a. Remote sensing for agriculture and resource management. In Natural Resources Conservation and Advances for Sustainability (pp. 91-135). Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822976-7.00012-0
Kumar, S., Sharma, S.K., Dhaka, A.K., Bedwal, S., Sheoran, S., Meena, R.S., Jangir, C.K., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Jat, R.D., Meena, A.K., Gaber, A., & Hossain, A., 2023a. Efficient nutrient management for enhancing crop productivity, quality and nutrient dynamics in Lens culinaris Medik. in the semi-arid region of northern India. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280636
Kumar, S., Sharma, S.K., Thakral, S.K., Bhardwaj, K.K., Jhariya, M.K., Meena, R.S., Jangir, C.K., Bedwal, S., Jat, R.D., Gaber, A. & Atta, A.A., 2022b. Integrated Nutrient Management Improves the Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Lens culinaris Medik. Sustainability, 14(3), p.1284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031284
Kumar, S., Singh, M.K., Meena, R.S. & Hingonia, K., 2017. Influence of crop geometry and cultivars on growth, yield and production efficiency of dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(4), pp.2469-2476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1555
Malik, M.F.A., Awan, S.I. & Niaz, S. (2008). Comparative study of quantitative traits and association of yield and its components in black gram (Vigna mungo) genotypes. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 7(1), 26-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.26.29
Masomi A, Kafi M, Nezami A. and Hoseini H. (2006). Effects drought stress on morphological characteristics of Cheek pea genotypes in greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3 (2), 277-289.
Meena, R.S. & Kumar, S., 2022. Legume-based agroecosystem for sustainable intensification: An overview. Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification, pp.3-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00034-3
Meena, R.S., Kumar, S., Sheoran, S., Jhariya, M.K., Bhatt, R., Yadav, G.S., Gopinath, K.A., Rao, C.S. & Lal, R., 2021. Soil Organic Carbon Restoration in India: Programs, Policies, and Thrust Areas. In Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future (pp. 305-338). C.R.C. Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003102762-13
Meena, R.S., Yadav, A., Kumar, S., Jhariya, M.K. & Jatav, S.S., (2022). Agriculture ecosystem models for CO2 sequestration, improving soil physicochemical properties, and restoring degraded land. Ecological Engineering, 176, p.106546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106546
Mondal, R., Ali, J., Biswas, S., Das, S., Dutta, D. & Sarkar, T. (2018). Effect of different levels of irrigation and nutrient on growth and yield of Summer Green gram cv. Bireswar in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. International Journal of Crop Science, 6(1), 386-390.
Nielson D.C. and Nelson N.O. (1998). Black Bean Sensitivity to Water Stress at Various Growth Stages. Crop Science, 38, 422-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020025x
nitrogen and irrigation management American- green gram varieties. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 3, 40-43.
Rahim, M.A., Mia, A.A., Mahmud, F., Zeba, N. & Afrin, K.S. (2010). Genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence in Green gram ('Vigna radiata'L. Wilczek). Plant Omics, 3(1),1-6.
Rambabu, B., Padma, V., Thatikunta, R. & Sunil, N. (2016). Effect of drought stress on chlorophyll content and anti-oxidant enzymes of green gram genotypes (Vigna Radiata L.). Nature Environment Pollution Technology, 15(4), 1205.
Roy, O., Meena, R.S., Kumar, S., Jhariya, M.K. & Pradhan, G., 2022. Assessment of land use systems for CO2 sequestration, carbon credit potential, and income security in Vindhyan region, India. Land Degradation & Development, 33(4), pp.670-682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4181
Sadeghipour, O. (2009). The Influence of Water Stress on Biomass and Harvest Index in Three Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) Cultivars. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 8(3), 245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2009.245.249
Sangakkara, U.R. (1994). Yield and seed quality of mungbean as affected by irrigation in a dry season. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 172(5), 327-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00183.x
Satya, Charan, M.S.S. and Sanjay-Swami. (2021). Performance of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under phosphorus and boron fertilisation in acid inceptisol of Meghalaya. Journal of Environmental Biology, 42, 534-543.
Savaliya, H.B., Narwade, A.V., Zinzala, V.N. & Faldu, T.A. (2019). Effect of water stress on biochemical characteristics of summer Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). International Journal of Crop Science, 7(1), 862-868
Sheoran, S., Gupta, M., Kumari, S., Kumar, S. & Rakshit, S., 2022. Meta-QTL analysis and candidate genes identification for various abiotic stresses in maise (Zea mays L.) and their implications in breeding programs. Molecular Breeding, 42(5), pp.1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-022-01294-9
Sheoran, S., Kumar, S., Kumar, P., Meena, R.S. & Rakshit, S., 2021. Nitrogen fixation in maise: breeding opportunities. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 134(5), pp.1263-1280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03791-5
Sheoran, S., Kumar, S., Ramtekey, V., Kar, P., Meena, R.S. & Jangir, C.K., 2022a. Current Status and Potential of Biofortification to Enhance Crop Nutritional Quality: An Overview. Sustainability, 14(6), p.3301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063301
Sheoran, S., Thribhuvan, R., Saini, M., Ramtekey, V., Kumar, S., Meena, R.S., Banerjee, A. & Jangir, C.K., 2022b. Conventional, genomics, and post-genomics era of pulses breeding: Current status and future prospects. Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification, pp.553-574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00002-1
Siddique, M., Malik, M.F.A. & Awan, S.I. (2006). Genetic divergence, association and performance evaluation of different genotypes of green gram (Vigna radiata). International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 8(6), 793-795.
Siddique, M.R.B., Hamid, A.I.M.S. & Islam, M.S. (2000). Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botanical Bulletin- Academia Sinica Taipei, 41(1), 35-39.
Sihag, S.K., Singh, M.K., Meena, R.S., Naga, S., Bahadur, S.R. & Gaurav, Y.R., 2015. Influences of spacing on growth and yield potential of dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Ecoscan, 9(1-2), pp.517-519.
Srivalli B., Sharma G. &Khanna-Chopra R. (2003). Antioxidative defence system in an upland rice cultivar subjected to increasing intensity of water stress followed by recovery. Plant Physiol. 119, 503– 512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1399-3054.2003.00125.x
Summy, S.K., Boora, K.S. & Kumar, N. (2015). Plant water status, canopy temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence in relation to yield improvement in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under soil moisture stress environments. Journal of Agrometerology, 17(1), 11-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54386/jam.v17i1.969