Main Article Content
Abstract
Climate change has impact on agricultural production, because it raises CO2 levels in the atmosphere, which leads to higher temperatures. Agroforestry systems aid in climate change adaptation and mitigation by providing relatively lower temperature beneath the tree canopy. Therefore, diversified agricultural systems are needed to be identified and studied throughout the world that can help annual crops in providing better survival conditions with least effects on yield. Although food crop output in agroforestry systems is lower than in open regions, agroforestry is seen to be capable of supporting food security, soil and water conservation, land use diversification, and micronutrient adequacy and most importantly climate change mitigation. The present study showed that all the tree parameters (i.e., tree DBH, tree height and canopy spread) recorded in the intercropped conditions (Melia dubia based agroforestry system) were found higher compared to the trees devoid of intercrops. Trees with intercrops showed more canopy spread, tree height and DBH (6.9 m, 16.3m, 56.6 m) as compared to pure stand (6.6 m, 16.2 m, 55.6 m) of Melia dubia trees. The canopy temperature depression (CTD) of wheat crop grown with Melia dubia trees was -5.58 0C whereas; -5.27 0C CTD was recorded in non-shaded conditions. Significantly higher biological yield was observed in wheat variety HD 3086 in open and intercropped conditions (134.9 q/ha and 100.5 q/ha respectively). Study revealed that M. dubia based agroforestry provides trees to perform better in intercropped conditions and provides favourable environment for the crop growing beneath in terms of lowering temperature and maintaining apt moisture to the crop raised beneath.
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References
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- Arya, S., & Toky, O. P. (2017). Biomass production in poplar agroforestry systems in Haryana of North Western India. Indian Journal of Ecology, 44(6), 785-787.
- Arya, S., Toky, O.P. and Singh, K. (2018). Mitigation of climate changes through agroforestry for sustainable agriculture in India. Journal of Agrometeorology, 20, 172-177.
- Bargali, S. S., Bargali, K., Singh, L., Ghosh, L., & Lakhera, M. L. (2009). Acacia nilotica-based traditional agroforestry system: effect on paddy crop and management. Current Science, 581-587.https://www.jstor.org/stable/24105474
- Basu, J. P. (2014). Agroforestry, climate change mitigation and livelihood security in India. In New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 44(1),1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1179-5395-44-S1-S11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1179-5395-44-S1-S11
- Bhati, T. K., Tewari, J. C., & Rathore, S. S. (2008). Productivity dynamics of integrated farming systems in western Rajasthan. Diversification of arid farming systems, 23-30.
- Bisht, N., Sah, V. K., Satyawali, K., & Tiwari, S. (2017). Comparison of wheat yield and soil properties under open and poplar based agroforestry system. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1540-1543. DOI https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1398 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1398
- Chaudhari, S. K., Arshad, M., & Ilyas, N. (2017). Physiological and biochemical responses of hexaploid wheat cultivars to drought stress. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 6(1), 60-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2016.50167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2016.50167
- Chaudhry, A. K., Khan, G. S., Siddiqui, M. T., Akhtar, M., & Aslam, Z. (2003). Effect of arable crops on the growth of poplar (Populus deltoides) tree in agroforestry system. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 40(1-2): 82-85.
- Chauhan, R. S., Thakur, N. S., Gunaga, R. P., Bhuva, D. C., & Jadeja, D. B. (2019). Assessment of germination attributes in candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Malabar Neem (Melia dubia cav.). Indian Journal of Ecology, 46(2), 335-339.
- Chauhan, S. K., Saini, K. S., Saralch, H. S., Rani, S., & Verma, A. (2015). Wheat and barley crop performance under different sowing methods under poplar-based agroforestry system. Indian Journal of Ecology, 42(2), 528-530.
- Dadhwal, K.S. and Narayan, P. (1984). Effect of shade and profile moisture on the yield of wheat. Soil Conservation Newsletter, 3: 8-9.
- Datta, M., & Singh, N. P. (2007). Growth characteristics of multipurpose tree species, crop productivity and soil properties in agroforestry systems under subtropical humid climate in India. Journal of Forestry Research, 18(4), 261-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0053-5
- Evensen, C. I., Dierolf, T. S., & Yost, R. S. (1995). Decreasing rice and cowpea yields in alley cropping on a highly weathered Oxisol in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Agroforestry systems, 31(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712052
- Gill, R.I S., Singh, B. and Kaur, N. (2009). Productivity and nutrient uptake of newly released wheat varieties at different sowing times under poplar plantation in north-western India. Agroforestry Systems, 76: 579–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9223-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9223-0
- Hangarge L.M., Kulkarni D.K., Gaikwad V.B., Mahajan D.M. and Chaudhari N. (2012). Carbon Sequestration potential of tree species in SomjaichiRai (Sacred grove) at Nandghur village, in Bhor region of Pune District, Maharashtra State, India. Annals of Biological Research, 3(7): 3426-3429.
- Hojjat, H., Mohammad T.A., Ali A. and Seyyed R.S. (2012). Evaluation of some physiological traits associated with improved drought tolerance in Iranian wheat. Annals of Biological Research, 3(4), 1719-1725.
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- Kumar, A., Kumar, M., Nandal, D.P.S. and Kaushik, N. (2013). Performance of wheat and mustard under Eucalyptus tereticornis based agrisilviculture system. Range Management and Agroforestry, 34 (2): 192-195.
- Mishra, A., Swamy, S.L., Baargali, S.S. and Singh, A.K. (2010). Tree Growth, Biomass and Productivity of Wheat Under Five Promising Clones of Populus deltoides in Agrisilviculture System. International Journal of Ecology Environmental Sciences, 36 (2-3): 167-174. http://www.nieindia.org/.../36-167.pdf
- Nanda K., Arya S., Babu B. H., Ranawat JS, Kumar A. and Kumar T. (2021a). Assessment of soil properties in Melia dubia based agroforestry system in semi-arid part of Haryana. The Pharma Innovation Journal; SP-10(5): 396-402.
- Nanda K., Arya S., Kaushik N., Beniwal R.S. and Kumar A (2021b). Agroforestry in semi-arid regions of North-western India with Melia dubia. Recent advances in Melia dubia Cav. ISBN: 978-81-943323-5-0; pp:267-272.
- Nanda, K., Arya S. and Narender (2019). Ardh Shushk Chetron Ke Liye Krishivaniki Ka Mahtvapurna Vriksha: Barmadrek. Haryana Kheti, 52 (1): 23.
- Nandal, D.P.S. and Kumar, R. (2010). Influence of Melia azedarach-based land use systems on economics and reclamation of salt affected soil. Indian Journal of Agroforestry, 12(1): 23-26.
- Osman, M., Emminhgam, W.H. and Sharrow, S.H. (1998). Growth and yield of sorghum or cowpea in an agri-silviculture system in semi-arid India. Agroforestry Systems, 42: 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006147926915 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006147926915
- Reynolds, M. P., Balota, M., Delgado, M.I.B., Amani, I. and Fischer, R.A. (1994). Physiological and Morphological Traits Associated with Spring Wheat Yield under Hot, Irrigated Conditions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 21: 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9940717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9940717
- Roohi, E., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z., Sanavy, S.A.M.M. and Siosemardeh, A. (2015). Association of some photosynthetic characteristics with canopy temperature in three cereal species under soil water deficit condition. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology, 17: 1233-1244. http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7781-en.html
- Saikia, P., Kumar, A. and Khan, M.L. (2017). Agroforestry: A sustainable land use system for livelihood security and climate change mitigation. Climate Change and Agroforestry: Adaptation, Mitigation and Livelihood security. New Delhi, India: New India Publishing Agency, pp.61-70.
- Shin, S., Soe, K.T., Lee, H., Kim, T.H., Lee, S. and Park, M.S. (2020). A systematic map of agroforestry research focusing on ecosystem services in the Asia-Pacific Region. Forests, 11(4), p.368. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040368
- Singh, B.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2017). Growth and Yield of Trees and Intercrops under Different Agroforestry System in Lohardga District of Jharkhand. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences., 6 (12): 53-58.
- Toppo, P. and Raj, A. (2018). Role of agroforestry in climate change mitigation. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(2), pp.241-243.
- Wassinck, E.C. (1954). Remark on energy relations in photosynthesis processes. Advances in Photosynthesis Research, 8: 1-19.
- Yirefu, T., Yenenesh, H., Zemedkun, S. (2019). Potential of Agroforestry for Climate Change Mitigation through Carbon Sequestration. Agricultural Research & Technology, 22(3): 556196. DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2019.22.556196
References
Alebachew, M., Dar, B., Dar, B., & Dar, B. (2015). Investigation of the effects of eucalyptus camaldulensis on performance of neighbouring crop productivity in Western Amhara, Ethiopia. Open Access Library Journal, 2(03), 1. DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1100992 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100992
Arya, S., & Toky, O. P. (2017). Biomass production in poplar agroforestry systems in Haryana of North Western India. Indian Journal of Ecology, 44(6), 785-787.
Arya, S., Toky, O.P. and Singh, K. (2018). Mitigation of climate changes through agroforestry for sustainable agriculture in India. Journal of Agrometeorology, 20, 172-177.
Bargali, S. S., Bargali, K., Singh, L., Ghosh, L., & Lakhera, M. L. (2009). Acacia nilotica-based traditional agroforestry system: effect on paddy crop and management. Current Science, 581-587.https://www.jstor.org/stable/24105474
Basu, J. P. (2014). Agroforestry, climate change mitigation and livelihood security in India. In New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 44(1),1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1179-5395-44-S1-S11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1179-5395-44-S1-S11
Bhati, T. K., Tewari, J. C., & Rathore, S. S. (2008). Productivity dynamics of integrated farming systems in western Rajasthan. Diversification of arid farming systems, 23-30.
Bisht, N., Sah, V. K., Satyawali, K., & Tiwari, S. (2017). Comparison of wheat yield and soil properties under open and poplar based agroforestry system. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1540-1543. DOI https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1398 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1398
Chaudhari, S. K., Arshad, M., & Ilyas, N. (2017). Physiological and biochemical responses of hexaploid wheat cultivars to drought stress. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 6(1), 60-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2016.50167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2016.50167
Chaudhry, A. K., Khan, G. S., Siddiqui, M. T., Akhtar, M., & Aslam, Z. (2003). Effect of arable crops on the growth of poplar (Populus deltoides) tree in agroforestry system. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 40(1-2): 82-85.
Chauhan, R. S., Thakur, N. S., Gunaga, R. P., Bhuva, D. C., & Jadeja, D. B. (2019). Assessment of germination attributes in candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Malabar Neem (Melia dubia cav.). Indian Journal of Ecology, 46(2), 335-339.
Chauhan, S. K., Saini, K. S., Saralch, H. S., Rani, S., & Verma, A. (2015). Wheat and barley crop performance under different sowing methods under poplar-based agroforestry system. Indian Journal of Ecology, 42(2), 528-530.
Dadhwal, K.S. and Narayan, P. (1984). Effect of shade and profile moisture on the yield of wheat. Soil Conservation Newsletter, 3: 8-9.
Datta, M., & Singh, N. P. (2007). Growth characteristics of multipurpose tree species, crop productivity and soil properties in agroforestry systems under subtropical humid climate in India. Journal of Forestry Research, 18(4), 261-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0053-5
Evensen, C. I., Dierolf, T. S., & Yost, R. S. (1995). Decreasing rice and cowpea yields in alley cropping on a highly weathered Oxisol in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Agroforestry systems, 31(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712052
Gill, R.I S., Singh, B. and Kaur, N. (2009). Productivity and nutrient uptake of newly released wheat varieties at different sowing times under poplar plantation in north-western India. Agroforestry Systems, 76: 579–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9223-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9223-0
Hangarge L.M., Kulkarni D.K., Gaikwad V.B., Mahajan D.M. and Chaudhari N. (2012). Carbon Sequestration potential of tree species in SomjaichiRai (Sacred grove) at Nandghur village, in Bhor region of Pune District, Maharashtra State, India. Annals of Biological Research, 3(7): 3426-3429.
Hojjat, H., Mohammad T.A., Ali A. and Seyyed R.S. (2012). Evaluation of some physiological traits associated with improved drought tolerance in Iranian wheat. Annals of Biological Research, 3(4), 1719-1725.
K, N., Arya, S. and Nanda, K. (2021) “Potential of Melia dubia agroforestry system in soil improvement and environmental sustainability”, Environment Conservation Journal, 22(1&2), pp. 65–72. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2021.221211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2021.221211
Kumar, A., Kumar, M., Nandal, D.P.S. and Kaushik, N. (2013). Performance of wheat and mustard under Eucalyptus tereticornis based agrisilviculture system. Range Management and Agroforestry, 34 (2): 192-195.
Mishra, A., Swamy, S.L., Baargali, S.S. and Singh, A.K. (2010). Tree Growth, Biomass and Productivity of Wheat Under Five Promising Clones of Populus deltoides in Agrisilviculture System. International Journal of Ecology Environmental Sciences, 36 (2-3): 167-174. http://www.nieindia.org/.../36-167.pdf
Nanda K., Arya S., Babu B. H., Ranawat JS, Kumar A. and Kumar T. (2021a). Assessment of soil properties in Melia dubia based agroforestry system in semi-arid part of Haryana. The Pharma Innovation Journal; SP-10(5): 396-402.
Nanda K., Arya S., Kaushik N., Beniwal R.S. and Kumar A (2021b). Agroforestry in semi-arid regions of North-western India with Melia dubia. Recent advances in Melia dubia Cav. ISBN: 978-81-943323-5-0; pp:267-272.
Nanda, K., Arya S. and Narender (2019). Ardh Shushk Chetron Ke Liye Krishivaniki Ka Mahtvapurna Vriksha: Barmadrek. Haryana Kheti, 52 (1): 23.
Nandal, D.P.S. and Kumar, R. (2010). Influence of Melia azedarach-based land use systems on economics and reclamation of salt affected soil. Indian Journal of Agroforestry, 12(1): 23-26.
Osman, M., Emminhgam, W.H. and Sharrow, S.H. (1998). Growth and yield of sorghum or cowpea in an agri-silviculture system in semi-arid India. Agroforestry Systems, 42: 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006147926915 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006147926915
Reynolds, M. P., Balota, M., Delgado, M.I.B., Amani, I. and Fischer, R.A. (1994). Physiological and Morphological Traits Associated with Spring Wheat Yield under Hot, Irrigated Conditions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 21: 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9940717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9940717
Roohi, E., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z., Sanavy, S.A.M.M. and Siosemardeh, A. (2015). Association of some photosynthetic characteristics with canopy temperature in three cereal species under soil water deficit condition. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology, 17: 1233-1244. http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7781-en.html
Saikia, P., Kumar, A. and Khan, M.L. (2017). Agroforestry: A sustainable land use system for livelihood security and climate change mitigation. Climate Change and Agroforestry: Adaptation, Mitigation and Livelihood security. New Delhi, India: New India Publishing Agency, pp.61-70.
Shin, S., Soe, K.T., Lee, H., Kim, T.H., Lee, S. and Park, M.S. (2020). A systematic map of agroforestry research focusing on ecosystem services in the Asia-Pacific Region. Forests, 11(4), p.368. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040368
Singh, B.K. and Oraon, P.R. (2017). Growth and Yield of Trees and Intercrops under Different Agroforestry System in Lohardga District of Jharkhand. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences., 6 (12): 53-58.
Toppo, P. and Raj, A. (2018). Role of agroforestry in climate change mitigation. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(2), pp.241-243.
Wassinck, E.C. (1954). Remark on energy relations in photosynthesis processes. Advances in Photosynthesis Research, 8: 1-19.
Yirefu, T., Yenenesh, H., Zemedkun, S. (2019). Potential of Agroforestry for Climate Change Mitigation through Carbon Sequestration. Agricultural Research & Technology, 22(3): 556196. DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2019.22.556196