Main Article Content
Abstract
Fertility capability classification (FCC) is a system of classification which uses pedological data of soils and coverts it into capability classes based on major fertility constraints portrayed by the soils. The present study was aimed to classify the soils major landforms of a lower Brahmaputra valley region of Assam, India in to FCC classes, to suggest specific management practices in order to overcome the fertility constraints and improve the crop productivity.The major strata types used were found to be loamy top soil, 'L' and clayey top soil 'C'. The sub-strata type found were loamy sub soil, 'L' and clayey sub soils, 'C'. The major condition modifiers or the major fertility constraints were found to be Al toxicity 'a’ and 'a-', high leaching potential, 'e', low nutrient reserves 'k' and 'g' waterlogging. The paddy soils of alluvial plains were classified into La-eg and Lg+a-e. The tea growing soils of younger alluvial plains were classified into Car+e. The non-paddy soils of alluvial plains were categorized as Ca-gke. The soils of uplands and inselberg were categorized into LCae class. The study revealed that FCC classification can successfully bring out the soil fertility constraints and can be very much helpful in soil fertility management for sustainable crop productions.
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References
- Babalola, T.S., Fasina, A.S., Kadiri, W.O., Omonile, T. &Ibitoye-Ayeni, N.K. (2019). Fertility Capability Classification of Soils in Two Agro Ecological Zones in the Basement Complex Zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 5(4), 37-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0504004
- Bandyopadhyay, S, Ray, P., Ramachandran, S., Jena, R.K., Singh, S.K.& Ray, S.K. (2017). Pedogenesis of Some Hydromorphic Soils of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Region, Assam, India. Clay Research, 36 (2), 77-89.
- Bandyopadhyay, S., Dutta, D., Chattopadhyay, T., Reza, S.K., Dutta, D.P., Baruah, U., Sarkar, D. & Singh, S.K., (2014). Characterization and classification of some tea-growing soils of Jorhat district, Assam. Agropedology, 24 (02), 138-145.
- Bharti, V. S., Dotaniya, M. L., Shukla, S. P., & Yadav, V. K. (2017). Managing soil fertility through microbes: prospects, challenges and future strategies. In: Agro-environmental sustainability (pp. 81-111). Springer, Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49724-2_5
- Bhattacharyya, T., Sarkar, D., Pal, D.K., Mandal, C., Baruah, U., Telpandey, B. & Vaidya, P. H. (2010). Soil information system for resource management-Tripura as a case study. Current Science, 99(9), 1208-1216.
- Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2019). A case study on changing pattern of agriculture and related factors at Najibabad region of Bijnor, India. Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation, 1, 236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0158-018
- Buol, S.W., Sanchez, P.A., Cate, Jr, R.B. and Granger, M.A. (1975): Soil fertility Capability Classification. In: Soil Management in Tropical America. (pp: 126-141) Proceedings of seminar held at CIAT Cali, Columbia.
- Choudhury, B. U., & Mandal, S. (2021). Indexing soil properties through constructing minimum datasets for soil quality assessment of surface and profile soils of intermontane valley (Barak, North East India). Ecological Indicators, 123, 107369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107369
- Das, A. (2015). Soil fertility capability classification as management options to remediate plant growth and production related constraints of some subtropical soils on varying parent materials and altitude. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. 5 (1), 115-124.
- Dasgupta, A.B. and Biswas, A.K., (2000): Geology of Assam. Geological Society of India, Bangalore.
- Delsouz Khaki, B., Honarjoo, N., Davatgar, N., Jalalian, A., &TorabiGolsefidi, H. (2017). Assessment of two soil fertility indexes to evaluate paddy fields for rice cultivation. Sustainability, 9(8), 1299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081299
- Environmental Information System network, Assam. (2015). Agriculture in Assam. Retrieved December 16, 2021. http://asmenvis.nic.in/Database/ Agriculture _839.aspx
- Gangopadhyay, S. K., Bhattacharyya, T. & Sarkar, D. (2015). Hydromorphic soils of Tripura: their pedogenesis and characteristics. Current science, 108, 5-10.
- Glina, B., Jezierski, P., & Kabala, C. (2013). Physical and water properties of Albeluvisols in the Silesian Lowland (SW Poland). Soil Science Annual, 64(4), 123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2013-0019
- Hota, S., Jena, R.K., Ray, P., Ramachandran, S., Mourya, K.K., Sharma, G.K., & Ray, S.K.(2021). Fertility capability classification of soils under dominant land uses of North-Eastern India. Conference: Soil-Plant-Animal and Human Health Continuum, 5th International Agronomy Congress.
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- Jenny, H. (1994). Factors of soil formation: a system of quantitative pedology. Courier Corporation.
- Kacar, B. (1984). Fertilization of tea pp: 356. Tea Industry Publ. No. 4, Ankara,
- Kalaiselvi, B., Lalitha, M., Dharumarajan, S., Srinivasan, R., Hegde, R., Kumar, K. S., & Singh, S. K. (2019). Fertility capability classification of semi-arid upland soils of Palani block, Tamil Nadu for sustainable soil management. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, 47(3), 255-262.
- Karlen, D. L., Mausbach, M. J., Doran, J. W., Cline, R. G., Harris, R. F., & Schuman, G. E. (1997). Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation (a guest editorial). Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61(1), 4-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100010001x
- Kavitha, C., & Sujatha, M. P. (2015). Evaluation of soil fertility status in various agroecosystems of Thrissur District, Kerala, India. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 8(3), 328.
- Minh, V.Q. (2011). The Rice Soil Fertility Capability Classification System. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development, 2(1), 7-12.
- Mukherjee, A., & Lal, R. (2014). Comparison of soil quality index using three methods. PloS one, 9(8), e105981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105981
- Naidu, L.G. K., Ramamurthy, V., Challa, O., Hedge, R. & Krishnan, P. K. (2006). Manual-Soil-Site Suitability Criteria for Major Crops. NBSS Publ. No. 129, NBSS& LUP, Nagpur.
- Ojanuga, A.G. (2006). Agroecological Zones of Nigeria Manual. FAO (NSPFS, Federal Ministry Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Orimoloye, J.R. (2016). Fertility Capability Classification of Some Flood Plain Soils in Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Life Science Journal, 13(1), 48-55. doi:10.7537/ marslsj1301s16 06.
- Ozyazici, G., Ozyazici, M.A., Ozdimir, O.&Surucu, A. (2010). Some physical and chemical characteristics of tea grown soils in Rize and Artwin Province, Anadolu.Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(2), 94-99.
- Prasad, J. (2000). Application of fertility capability classification system in soils of a Watershed in semi-arid tropics. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 48(2), 329 – 338.
- Reza, S.K., Baruah, U., Nayak, D.C., Dutta, D., & Singh, S.K. (2018). Effects of land-use on soil physical, chemical and microbial properties in humid subtropical North eastern India. National Academy of Science Letters, 41(3),141–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-018-0634-1
- Robinson, G. W. (1922). Note on the mechanical analysis of humus soils. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12, 287-291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600005347
- Sanchez, P.A., Palm, C.A., &Buol, S.W. (2003). Fertility capability soil classification: a tool to help assess soil quality in the tropics. Geoderma, 114, 157 – 185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00040-5
- Sanchez, P.A., Water, C., &Buol, S.A. (1982). The fertility capability soil classification system, Interpretation, applicability and modification. Geoderma, 27, 283-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(82)90019-2
- Schollenberger, C.J. & Simon, R.H. (1945). Determination of exchange capacity and exchangeable bases in soil by Ammonium acetate method. Soil Science, 59, 13-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-194501000-00004
- Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12th edition. United States Department of Agriculture.
- Sumner, M. E. and Miller, W. P. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. Pages 1201- 1229. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c40
- Vasu, D., Singh, S. K., Ray, S. K., Duraisami, V. P., Tiwary, P., Chandran, P., Nimkar, A.M. &Anantwar, S. G. (2016). Soil quality index (SQI) as a tool to evaluate crop productivity in semi-arid Deccan plateau, India. Geoderma, 282, 70-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.07.010
- Vasu, D., Singh, S.K., Karthikeyan, &Duraisami, V.P. (2016). Fertility Capability Classification (FCC): A case study in rainfed soils of semi-arid Deccan plateau. Agropedology. 26 (01), 22-28.
- Velayutham, M. (1999). National Soil Resources Mapping. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning. Nagpur, India.
- Walkley, A. & Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
- Wang, J., Fu, B., Qiu, Y., & Chen, L. (2001). Soil nutrients in relation to land use and landscape position in the semi-arid small catchment on the loess plateau in China. Journal of arid environments, 48(4), 537-550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0763
- Waroszewski, J., Malkiewicz, M., Mazurek, R., Labaz, B., Jezierski, P., & Kabala, C. (2015). Lithological discontinuities in Podzols developed from sandstone cover beds in the Stolowe Mountains (Poland). Catena, 126, 11-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.034
- Xiao-Li, L. I. U., Yuan-Qiu, H. E., Zhang, H. L., Schroder, J. K., Cheng-Liang, L. I., Jing, Z. H. O. U., & Zhang, Z. Y. (2010). Impact of land use and soil fertility on distributions of soil aggregate fractions and some nutrients. Pedosphere, 20(5), 666-673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(10)60056-2
References
Babalola, T.S., Fasina, A.S., Kadiri, W.O., Omonile, T. &Ibitoye-Ayeni, N.K. (2019). Fertility Capability Classification of Soils in Two Agro Ecological Zones in the Basement Complex Zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 5(4), 37-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0504004
Bandyopadhyay, S, Ray, P., Ramachandran, S., Jena, R.K., Singh, S.K.& Ray, S.K. (2017). Pedogenesis of Some Hydromorphic Soils of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Region, Assam, India. Clay Research, 36 (2), 77-89.
Bandyopadhyay, S., Dutta, D., Chattopadhyay, T., Reza, S.K., Dutta, D.P., Baruah, U., Sarkar, D. & Singh, S.K., (2014). Characterization and classification of some tea-growing soils of Jorhat district, Assam. Agropedology, 24 (02), 138-145.
Bharti, V. S., Dotaniya, M. L., Shukla, S. P., & Yadav, V. K. (2017). Managing soil fertility through microbes: prospects, challenges and future strategies. In: Agro-environmental sustainability (pp. 81-111). Springer, Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49724-2_5
Bhattacharyya, T., Sarkar, D., Pal, D.K., Mandal, C., Baruah, U., Telpandey, B. & Vaidya, P. H. (2010). Soil information system for resource management-Tripura as a case study. Current Science, 99(9), 1208-1216.
Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2019). A case study on changing pattern of agriculture and related factors at Najibabad region of Bijnor, India. Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation, 1, 236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0158-018
Buol, S.W., Sanchez, P.A., Cate, Jr, R.B. and Granger, M.A. (1975): Soil fertility Capability Classification. In: Soil Management in Tropical America. (pp: 126-141) Proceedings of seminar held at CIAT Cali, Columbia.
Choudhury, B. U., & Mandal, S. (2021). Indexing soil properties through constructing minimum datasets for soil quality assessment of surface and profile soils of intermontane valley (Barak, North East India). Ecological Indicators, 123, 107369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107369
Das, A. (2015). Soil fertility capability classification as management options to remediate plant growth and production related constraints of some subtropical soils on varying parent materials and altitude. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. 5 (1), 115-124.
Dasgupta, A.B. and Biswas, A.K., (2000): Geology of Assam. Geological Society of India, Bangalore.
Delsouz Khaki, B., Honarjoo, N., Davatgar, N., Jalalian, A., &TorabiGolsefidi, H. (2017). Assessment of two soil fertility indexes to evaluate paddy fields for rice cultivation. Sustainability, 9(8), 1299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081299
Environmental Information System network, Assam. (2015). Agriculture in Assam. Retrieved December 16, 2021. http://asmenvis.nic.in/Database/ Agriculture _839.aspx
Gangopadhyay, S. K., Bhattacharyya, T. & Sarkar, D. (2015). Hydromorphic soils of Tripura: their pedogenesis and characteristics. Current science, 108, 5-10.
Glina, B., Jezierski, P., & Kabala, C. (2013). Physical and water properties of Albeluvisols in the Silesian Lowland (SW Poland). Soil Science Annual, 64(4), 123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2013-0019
Hota, S., Jena, R.K., Ray, P., Ramachandran, S., Mourya, K.K., Sharma, G.K., & Ray, S.K.(2021). Fertility capability classification of soils under dominant land uses of North-Eastern India. Conference: Soil-Plant-Animal and Human Health Continuum, 5th International Agronomy Congress.
Indiastat. (2017).https://www.indiastat.com/table/agriculture/state-wise-land-use-classification-India-2016-2017 /1404701
Indiastat. (2018).https://www.indiastat.com/data/agriculture foodgrains.
Jenny, H. (1994). Factors of soil formation: a system of quantitative pedology. Courier Corporation.
Kacar, B. (1984). Fertilization of tea pp: 356. Tea Industry Publ. No. 4, Ankara,
Kalaiselvi, B., Lalitha, M., Dharumarajan, S., Srinivasan, R., Hegde, R., Kumar, K. S., & Singh, S. K. (2019). Fertility capability classification of semi-arid upland soils of Palani block, Tamil Nadu for sustainable soil management. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, 47(3), 255-262.
Karlen, D. L., Mausbach, M. J., Doran, J. W., Cline, R. G., Harris, R. F., & Schuman, G. E. (1997). Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation (a guest editorial). Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61(1), 4-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100010001x
Kavitha, C., & Sujatha, M. P. (2015). Evaluation of soil fertility status in various agroecosystems of Thrissur District, Kerala, India. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 8(3), 328.
Minh, V.Q. (2011). The Rice Soil Fertility Capability Classification System. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development, 2(1), 7-12.
Mukherjee, A., & Lal, R. (2014). Comparison of soil quality index using three methods. PloS one, 9(8), e105981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105981
Naidu, L.G. K., Ramamurthy, V., Challa, O., Hedge, R. & Krishnan, P. K. (2006). Manual-Soil-Site Suitability Criteria for Major Crops. NBSS Publ. No. 129, NBSS& LUP, Nagpur.
Ojanuga, A.G. (2006). Agroecological Zones of Nigeria Manual. FAO (NSPFS, Federal Ministry Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
Orimoloye, J.R. (2016). Fertility Capability Classification of Some Flood Plain Soils in Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Life Science Journal, 13(1), 48-55. doi:10.7537/ marslsj1301s16 06.
Ozyazici, G., Ozyazici, M.A., Ozdimir, O.&Surucu, A. (2010). Some physical and chemical characteristics of tea grown soils in Rize and Artwin Province, Anadolu.Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(2), 94-99.
Prasad, J. (2000). Application of fertility capability classification system in soils of a Watershed in semi-arid tropics. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 48(2), 329 – 338.
Reza, S.K., Baruah, U., Nayak, D.C., Dutta, D., & Singh, S.K. (2018). Effects of land-use on soil physical, chemical and microbial properties in humid subtropical North eastern India. National Academy of Science Letters, 41(3),141–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-018-0634-1
Robinson, G. W. (1922). Note on the mechanical analysis of humus soils. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12, 287-291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600005347
Sanchez, P.A., Palm, C.A., &Buol, S.W. (2003). Fertility capability soil classification: a tool to help assess soil quality in the tropics. Geoderma, 114, 157 – 185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00040-5
Sanchez, P.A., Water, C., &Buol, S.A. (1982). The fertility capability soil classification system, Interpretation, applicability and modification. Geoderma, 27, 283-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(82)90019-2
Schollenberger, C.J. & Simon, R.H. (1945). Determination of exchange capacity and exchangeable bases in soil by Ammonium acetate method. Soil Science, 59, 13-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-194501000-00004
Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12th edition. United States Department of Agriculture.
Sumner, M. E. and Miller, W. P. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. Pages 1201- 1229. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c40
Vasu, D., Singh, S. K., Ray, S. K., Duraisami, V. P., Tiwary, P., Chandran, P., Nimkar, A.M. &Anantwar, S. G. (2016). Soil quality index (SQI) as a tool to evaluate crop productivity in semi-arid Deccan plateau, India. Geoderma, 282, 70-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.07.010
Vasu, D., Singh, S.K., Karthikeyan, &Duraisami, V.P. (2016). Fertility Capability Classification (FCC): A case study in rainfed soils of semi-arid Deccan plateau. Agropedology. 26 (01), 22-28.
Velayutham, M. (1999). National Soil Resources Mapping. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning. Nagpur, India.
Walkley, A. & Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Wang, J., Fu, B., Qiu, Y., & Chen, L. (2001). Soil nutrients in relation to land use and landscape position in the semi-arid small catchment on the loess plateau in China. Journal of arid environments, 48(4), 537-550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0763
Waroszewski, J., Malkiewicz, M., Mazurek, R., Labaz, B., Jezierski, P., & Kabala, C. (2015). Lithological discontinuities in Podzols developed from sandstone cover beds in the Stolowe Mountains (Poland). Catena, 126, 11-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.034
Xiao-Li, L. I. U., Yuan-Qiu, H. E., Zhang, H. L., Schroder, J. K., Cheng-Liang, L. I., Jing, Z. H. O. U., & Zhang, Z. Y. (2010). Impact of land use and soil fertility on distributions of soil aggregate fractions and some nutrients. Pedosphere, 20(5), 666-673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(10)60056-2