Studies on the influence of biofertilizers in combination with inorganic nutrients on growth yield and quality attributes of onion (Allium cepa L.)
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Sai Phanendra Bandi
Eggadi Ramesh
Sunna Deepti
Arunabha Pal
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-0489
Abstract
With an increasing population and the food security is at risk, there is decreased crop productivity as soil fertility status is declining. As, the present experiment was conducted in view of understanding the better nutrient acquisition of plants in the presence of biofertilizers on the growth, yield and quality parameters of onion under randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments in order to optimize nutrient uptake for improved agricultural productivity and sustainability, providing valuable insights for more efficient farming practices. The results revealed that the growth parameters such as maximum plant height (72.68cm) and leaf length (63.07 cm) were recorded with the treatment T2 (100% RDF); number of leaves (10.13) was recorded with treatment T6 (100% RDF + Bacillus); leaf width (17 mm) and neck length (9.78 cm) were recorded with treatment T5 (100% RDF + Pseudomonas); yield parameters such as plant fresh weight (189.33g) was recorded with treatment T5 (100% RDF + Pseudomonas); bulb weight at harvest (170.46g) and yield/m2 (3.78 kg/m2) was recorded maximum with treatment T6 (100% RDF + Bacillus). The quality parameters such as ascorbic acid (14.67 mg/100g) and dry matter % (20.32) were also recorded maximum for treatment T6 (100% RDF + Bacillus). As a result, it can be concluded that the combination of 100% RDF + Bacillus is best as compared to other treatments as it projected highest B:C ratio (2.98) in view of onion production.
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Bandi, S. P., Ramesh, E., Deepti, S., & Pal, A. Studies on the influence of biofertilizers in combination with inorganic nutrients on growth yield and quality attributes of onion (Allium cepa L.). Environment Conservation Journal, 25(4). https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.28412876
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Keywords
onion, biofertilizers, pseudomonas, bacillus, growth, yield
References
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Archana, D. S., Nandish, M. S., Savalagi, V. P., & Alagawadi, A. R. (2013). Characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from rhizosphere soil. Bioinfolet-A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences, 10(1b), 248-257.
Brewster, J. L. (2008). Onions and other vegetable alliums (Vol. 15). CABI.
Dantata, I. J., Luka, J.S.,Maidala, A., Fada, K. A and Umar, A.M(2008c).Survey on post- harvest handling of onion bulbs for storageinan aridagro-ecology. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual National Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria held at University of Agriculture, Makurdi.8-11th September 2008 pp276– 281.
Dikshit, A. (2015). Effect of inorganic fertilizers, biofertilizers and organics on growth, yield and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. N-53. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 7(4), 351-354.
Dilpreet, T. (2016). Growth, yield and quality of onion as influenced by integrated nutrient management. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 0975-3710.
Ehrlich, P. R., & Harte, J. (2015). To feed the world in 2050 will require a global revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(48), 14743-14744.
FAO 2012. World onion production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http:// faostat.fao.org.
Gau, A. D. T., Syam’Un, E., & Ulfa, F. (2021, November). Application of Bacillus subtilis on red onion (Allium ascalonicum). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 921, No. 1, p. 012078). IOP Publishing.
GoI, (2018). Horticultural Statistics at a Glance. Department of Agriculture Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare, Government of India, pp.408.
Griffiths, G., Trueman, L., Crowther, T., Thomas, B., & Smith, B. (2002). Onions—a global benefit to health. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 16(7), 603-615.
Gupta, P., Trivedi, J., Sharma, P. K., Devi, S., & Siwna, Y. (2023). Effect of different bio-fertilizers and organic substances on quality parameters of rabi onion (Allium cepa L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(4), 209-212.
Hange, S. R., & Sinhasane, S. R. (2023). Onion Diversity, Multiplier Onion and Its Important. New era agriculture magazine, 2(1), 155-159.
Havey, M. J. (1993). Onion: Allium cepa L. In Genetic improvement of vegetable crops (pp. 35-49). Pergamon.
Jayakumar, M., Sruthi, P., Surendran, U., Safari, Z., & Ahammed, S. J. (2023). The impact of agricultural chemicals on the environment and human health in India: a review. Knowledge-Based Engineering and Sciences, 4(2), 60-72.
Jones, H. A., & Mann, L. K. (1964). Onions and their allies. Soil Science, 98(1), 68.
Kour, D., Rana, K. L., Kaur, T., Yadav, N., Halder, S. K., Yadav, A. N., & Saxena, A. K. (2020). Potassium solubilizing and mobilizing microbes: biodiversity, mechanisms of solubilization, and biotechnological implication for alleviations of abiotic stress. In New and future developments in microbial biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 177-202). Elsevier.
Kumar, M. S., Reddy, G. C., Phogat, M., & Korav, S. (2018). Role of bio-fertilizers towards sustainable agricultural development: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 1915-1921.
Mącik, M., Gryta, A., & Frąc, M. (2020). Biofertilizers in agriculture: An overview on concepts, strategies and effects on soil microorganisms. Advances in agronomy, 162, 31-87.
Mahajan, R.K., R.L. Sapra, Umesh Srivastava, Mahendra Singh and G.D. Sharma, 2000. Minimal Descriptors (for characterization and evaluation) of Agri-Horticultural Crops (Part I). National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, xi + 230p.
Mahapatra, S., Yadav, R., & Ramakrishna, W. (2022). Bacillus subtilis impact on plant growth, soil health and environment: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132(5), 3543-3562.
Massoud, O. N. M., El-Monium, A., & Mohamed, F. M. (2009). Field trails to impact of colonozation with am-fungi, N2-fixers and potassium solublizing bacteria on onion crops (Allium cepa). Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 34(2), 781-792.
Meena, V. S., Maurya, B. R., Verma, J. P., Aeron, A., Kumar, A., Kim, K., & Bajpai, V. K. (2015). Potassium solubilizing rhizobacteria (KSR): isolation, identification, and K-release dynamics from waste mica. Ecological Engineering, 81, 340-347.
Mishra, P., Sarkar, C., Vishwajith, K. P., Dhekale, B. S., & Sahu, P. K. (2013). Instability and forecasting using ARIMA model in area, production and productivity of onion in India. Journal of Crop and Weed, 9(2), 96-101.
Mounir, A. M., Osman, Y. M., & Khalil, O. A. (2020). Impact of potassium solubilizing bacteria on growth and yield of garlic. Plant Arch, 20(2), 8374-8388.
Murphy, E. F. (1941). Ascorbic acid content of onions and observations on its distribution. Food Research, 6, 581-594.
Nivetha, T., & Uma, K. (2020). Performance of fresh onions in India: An economic analysis.
Oosterhuis, D. M., Loka, D. A., Kawakami, E. M., & Pettigrew, W. T. (2014). The physiology of potassium in crop production. Advances in agronomy, 126, 203-233.
Prasad, K. (2022). Stimulation Effect of Rhizospheric Microbes’ Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Glycoprotein Producing AM Fungi and Synthetic Fertilizers Application on Growth, Yield, Nutrient’s acquisition and Alliin Content of Garlic Cultivation Under Field Conditions in Southeast Region of Rajasthan, India Adv Earth & Env Sci, 3(2), 1-15.
Radhakrishnan, R., Hashem, A., & Abd_Allah, E. F. (2017). Bacillus: A biological tool for crop improvement through bio-molecular changes in adverse environments. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 293128.
Rahman, S. (2015). Green revolution in India: environmental degradation and impact on livestock. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 12(1), 75-80.
SBM, F., & Abo Zaed, S. H. (2020). Effect of Potassium Fertilizer, Solubilizing Bacteria and Sulphur on Yield, Bulb Quality, Storability and Black Mould Disease of Onion. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(4).
Selvaraj, S. (1976). Onion: Queen of the kitchen. Kisan world, 3(12), 32-34.
Sengupta, A., & Banerjee, H. (2012). Soil-less culture in modern agriculture. World J. Sci. Technol, 2(7), 103-108.
Sharma, S., Sharma, A., & Kaur, M. (2018). Extraction and evaluation of gibberellic acid from Pseudomonas sp.: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1), 2790-2795.
Shen, Y., Yang, H., Lin, Z., Chu, L., Pan, X., Wang, Y., & Miao, W. (2023). Screening of compound-formulated Bacillus and its effect on plant growth promotion. Frontiers in plant science, 14, 1174583.
Shon, M. Y., Choi, S. D., Kahng, G. G., Nam, S. H., & Sung, N. J. (2004). Antimutagenic, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extracts from white, yellow and red onions. Food and chemical toxicology, 42(4), 659-666.
Singh, H., Khar, A., Dhall, R. K., & Gupta, S. (2024). Onion Bulbs: Store House of Potential Phytochemicals for Sustaining Health. In Sustainable Food Systems (Volume I) SFS: Framework, Sustainable Diets, Traditional Food Culture & Food Production (pp. 131-146). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Statistics, H. (2018). Horticultural statistics at a glance. Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer’s Welfare, Government of India, 458.
Tsukanova, K. A., Meyer, J. J. M., & Bibikova, T. N. (2017). Effect of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on plant hormone homeostasis. South African journal of botany, 113, 91-102.
Vachan, R., & Tripathi, S. M. (2018). Influence of bio-fertilzer with recommended doses of fertlizer on plant growth, yield, quality and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. NHRDF Red 2. Int J Pure Appl Biosci, 6, 1434-41.
Verma, N., Jaiswal, R.K., Ali, S.A., & Dhakad, R.K. (2021). Impact of bio fertilizers on growth and yield attributes of onion (Allium cepa L.) var. AFLR. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 10(02), 931-938.
Vessey, J. K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and soil, 255, 571-586.
Yadav, K. K., and Smritikana Sarkar, S. S. (2019). Biofertilizers, impact on soil fertility and crop productivity under sustainable agriculture. Environment and Ecology 37(1), 89-93.
Yang, W. M., Chung, S. J. and Yang, S. Y. 1989. Abstracts of Communications Papers. Korean Soc. Hort. Sci. 7: 54-55.
Zheng, Z. L. (2009). Carbon and nitrogen nutrient balance signaling in plants. Plant signaling & behavior, 4(7), 584-591.
Archana, D. S., Nandish, M. S., Savalagi, V. P., & Alagawadi, A. R. (2013). Characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from rhizosphere soil. Bioinfolet-A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences, 10(1b), 248-257.
Brewster, J. L. (2008). Onions and other vegetable alliums (Vol. 15). CABI.
Dantata, I. J., Luka, J.S.,Maidala, A., Fada, K. A and Umar, A.M(2008c).Survey on post- harvest handling of onion bulbs for storageinan aridagro-ecology. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual National Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria held at University of Agriculture, Makurdi.8-11th September 2008 pp276– 281.
Dikshit, A. (2015). Effect of inorganic fertilizers, biofertilizers and organics on growth, yield and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. N-53. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 7(4), 351-354.
Dilpreet, T. (2016). Growth, yield and quality of onion as influenced by integrated nutrient management. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 0975-3710.
Ehrlich, P. R., & Harte, J. (2015). To feed the world in 2050 will require a global revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(48), 14743-14744.
FAO 2012. World onion production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http:// faostat.fao.org.
Gau, A. D. T., Syam’Un, E., & Ulfa, F. (2021, November). Application of Bacillus subtilis on red onion (Allium ascalonicum). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 921, No. 1, p. 012078). IOP Publishing.
GoI, (2018). Horticultural Statistics at a Glance. Department of Agriculture Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare, Government of India, pp.408.
Griffiths, G., Trueman, L., Crowther, T., Thomas, B., & Smith, B. (2002). Onions—a global benefit to health. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 16(7), 603-615.
Gupta, P., Trivedi, J., Sharma, P. K., Devi, S., & Siwna, Y. (2023). Effect of different bio-fertilizers and organic substances on quality parameters of rabi onion (Allium cepa L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(4), 209-212.
Hange, S. R., & Sinhasane, S. R. (2023). Onion Diversity, Multiplier Onion and Its Important. New era agriculture magazine, 2(1), 155-159.
Havey, M. J. (1993). Onion: Allium cepa L. In Genetic improvement of vegetable crops (pp. 35-49). Pergamon.
Jayakumar, M., Sruthi, P., Surendran, U., Safari, Z., & Ahammed, S. J. (2023). The impact of agricultural chemicals on the environment and human health in India: a review. Knowledge-Based Engineering and Sciences, 4(2), 60-72.
Jones, H. A., & Mann, L. K. (1964). Onions and their allies. Soil Science, 98(1), 68.
Kour, D., Rana, K. L., Kaur, T., Yadav, N., Halder, S. K., Yadav, A. N., & Saxena, A. K. (2020). Potassium solubilizing and mobilizing microbes: biodiversity, mechanisms of solubilization, and biotechnological implication for alleviations of abiotic stress. In New and future developments in microbial biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 177-202). Elsevier.
Kumar, M. S., Reddy, G. C., Phogat, M., & Korav, S. (2018). Role of bio-fertilizers towards sustainable agricultural development: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 1915-1921.
Mącik, M., Gryta, A., & Frąc, M. (2020). Biofertilizers in agriculture: An overview on concepts, strategies and effects on soil microorganisms. Advances in agronomy, 162, 31-87.
Mahajan, R.K., R.L. Sapra, Umesh Srivastava, Mahendra Singh and G.D. Sharma, 2000. Minimal Descriptors (for characterization and evaluation) of Agri-Horticultural Crops (Part I). National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, xi + 230p.
Mahapatra, S., Yadav, R., & Ramakrishna, W. (2022). Bacillus subtilis impact on plant growth, soil health and environment: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132(5), 3543-3562.
Massoud, O. N. M., El-Monium, A., & Mohamed, F. M. (2009). Field trails to impact of colonozation with am-fungi, N2-fixers and potassium solublizing bacteria on onion crops (Allium cepa). Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 34(2), 781-792.
Meena, V. S., Maurya, B. R., Verma, J. P., Aeron, A., Kumar, A., Kim, K., & Bajpai, V. K. (2015). Potassium solubilizing rhizobacteria (KSR): isolation, identification, and K-release dynamics from waste mica. Ecological Engineering, 81, 340-347.
Mishra, P., Sarkar, C., Vishwajith, K. P., Dhekale, B. S., & Sahu, P. K. (2013). Instability and forecasting using ARIMA model in area, production and productivity of onion in India. Journal of Crop and Weed, 9(2), 96-101.
Mounir, A. M., Osman, Y. M., & Khalil, O. A. (2020). Impact of potassium solubilizing bacteria on growth and yield of garlic. Plant Arch, 20(2), 8374-8388.
Murphy, E. F. (1941). Ascorbic acid content of onions and observations on its distribution. Food Research, 6, 581-594.
Nivetha, T., & Uma, K. (2020). Performance of fresh onions in India: An economic analysis.
Oosterhuis, D. M., Loka, D. A., Kawakami, E. M., & Pettigrew, W. T. (2014). The physiology of potassium in crop production. Advances in agronomy, 126, 203-233.
Prasad, K. (2022). Stimulation Effect of Rhizospheric Microbes’ Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Glycoprotein Producing AM Fungi and Synthetic Fertilizers Application on Growth, Yield, Nutrient’s acquisition and Alliin Content of Garlic Cultivation Under Field Conditions in Southeast Region of Rajasthan, India Adv Earth & Env Sci, 3(2), 1-15.
Radhakrishnan, R., Hashem, A., & Abd_Allah, E. F. (2017). Bacillus: A biological tool for crop improvement through bio-molecular changes in adverse environments. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 293128.
Rahman, S. (2015). Green revolution in India: environmental degradation and impact on livestock. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 12(1), 75-80.
SBM, F., & Abo Zaed, S. H. (2020). Effect of Potassium Fertilizer, Solubilizing Bacteria and Sulphur on Yield, Bulb Quality, Storability and Black Mould Disease of Onion. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(4).
Selvaraj, S. (1976). Onion: Queen of the kitchen. Kisan world, 3(12), 32-34.
Sengupta, A., & Banerjee, H. (2012). Soil-less culture in modern agriculture. World J. Sci. Technol, 2(7), 103-108.
Sharma, S., Sharma, A., & Kaur, M. (2018). Extraction and evaluation of gibberellic acid from Pseudomonas sp.: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1), 2790-2795.
Shen, Y., Yang, H., Lin, Z., Chu, L., Pan, X., Wang, Y., & Miao, W. (2023). Screening of compound-formulated Bacillus and its effect on plant growth promotion. Frontiers in plant science, 14, 1174583.
Shon, M. Y., Choi, S. D., Kahng, G. G., Nam, S. H., & Sung, N. J. (2004). Antimutagenic, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extracts from white, yellow and red onions. Food and chemical toxicology, 42(4), 659-666.
Singh, H., Khar, A., Dhall, R. K., & Gupta, S. (2024). Onion Bulbs: Store House of Potential Phytochemicals for Sustaining Health. In Sustainable Food Systems (Volume I) SFS: Framework, Sustainable Diets, Traditional Food Culture & Food Production (pp. 131-146). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Statistics, H. (2018). Horticultural statistics at a glance. Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer’s Welfare, Government of India, 458.
Tsukanova, K. A., Meyer, J. J. M., & Bibikova, T. N. (2017). Effect of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on plant hormone homeostasis. South African journal of botany, 113, 91-102.
Vachan, R., & Tripathi, S. M. (2018). Influence of bio-fertilzer with recommended doses of fertlizer on plant growth, yield, quality and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. NHRDF Red 2. Int J Pure Appl Biosci, 6, 1434-41.
Verma, N., Jaiswal, R.K., Ali, S.A., & Dhakad, R.K. (2021). Impact of bio fertilizers on growth and yield attributes of onion (Allium cepa L.) var. AFLR. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 10(02), 931-938.
Vessey, J. K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and soil, 255, 571-586.
Yadav, K. K., and Smritikana Sarkar, S. S. (2019). Biofertilizers, impact on soil fertility and crop productivity under sustainable agriculture. Environment and Ecology 37(1), 89-93.
Yang, W. M., Chung, S. J. and Yang, S. Y. 1989. Abstracts of Communications Papers. Korean Soc. Hort. Sci. 7: 54-55.
Zheng, Z. L. (2009). Carbon and nitrogen nutrient balance signaling in plants. Plant signaling & behavior, 4(7), 584-591.
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