Standardization of roots of Taraxacum officinale
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Published
May 10, 2023
Somesh Thapliyal
Mohd. Imtiyaz Ahmad
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5083-324X
Mohd. Imtiyaz Ahmad
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) belongs to the Asteraceae family; an edible herb commonly found in subtropical and temperate regions worldwide. Traditionally dandelion is used in diarrhea, gout, jaundice, diabetes, pneumonia, urinary problems and to purify the blood. The phytochemical study of dandelion discovered the occurrence of β- sitosterol, stigmasterol, taraxsterol, lactucopicrin, lactucin, cichorin, taraxacoside, taraxacerin, campesterol, homotaraxasterol, etc. Anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of dandelion were studied. This plant has great therapeutic value and in order to overcome the problem of adulteration, the present study was aimed to standardize and preserve the quality parameters of the plant. Roots of Taraxacum officinale were subjected to measurements including macroscopy, microscopy, foreign organic content, ash value, extractive value, phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis and chromatographic analysis. HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of various phytocomponents. The macroscopic, microscopic and physico-chemical criteria presented here can help to identify the drug and to prepare the monograph.
How to Cite
Thapliyal, S., & Ahmad, M. I. (2023). Standardization of roots of Taraxacum officinale. Environment Conservation Journal, 24(2), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.22532562
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Keywords
Ash value, Dandelion, Extractive value, HPTLC, Phytochemical
References
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Archana, P., Samatha, T., Mahitha, B., & Chamundeswari, N. R. (2012). Preliminary phytochemical screening from leaf and seed extracts of Senna alata L. Roxb-an ethno medicinal plant. Int J Pharm Biol Res, 3(3), 82-89.
Barnes, J., Anderson, L. A., & Phillipson, J. D. (2007). Chamomile, Roman. Herbal Medicines. 3rd Edition. Pharmaceutical Press, London, Chicago, 157.
Bauer, R. (1998). Quality criteria and standardization of phytopharmaceuticals: Can acceptable drug standards be achieved? Drug information journal: DIJ/Drug Information Association, 32, 101-110.
Bodeker, G. (2005). WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (Vol. 1): World Health Organization.
Dearing, M. D., Mangione, A. M., & Karasov, W. H. (2001). Plant secondary compounds as diuretics: an overlooked consequence. American Zoologist, 41(4), 890-901.
Duke, J. A., & Martinez, R. V. (1994). Handbook of Ethnobotanicals (Peru): CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Flores-Ocelotl, M. R., Rosas-Murrieta, N. H., Moreno, D. A., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Reyes-Leyva, J., Domínguez, F., & Santos-López, G. (2018). Taraxacum officinale and Urtica dioica extracts inhibit dengue virus serotype 2 replication in vitro. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 18(1), 1-10.
Ghaima, K. K., Hashim, N. M., & Ali, S. A. (2013). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract of nettle (Urtica dioica) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(5), 096-099.
Hagymási, K., Blázovics, A., Fehér, J., Lugasi, A., Kristó, S. T., & Kery, A. (2000). The in vitro effect of dandelions antioxidants on microsomal lipid peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 14(1), 43-44.
Hfaiedh, M., Brahmi, D., & Zourgui, L. (2016). Hepatoprotective effect of T araxacum officinale leaf extract on sodium dichromate‐induced liver injury in rats. Environmental Toxicology, 31(3), 339-349.
Jaramillo-Jaramillo, C., Jaramillo-Espinoza, A., D’Armas, H., Troccoli, L., & de Astudillo, L. R. (2016). Concentraciones de alcaloides, glucósidos cianogénicos, polifenoles y saponinas en plantas medicinales seleccionadas en Ecuador y su relación con la toxicidad aguda contra Artemia salina. Revista de Biología Tropical, 64(3).
Jones, P. M., & Persaud, S. J. (1998). Protein kinases, protein phosphorylation, and the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Endocrine reviews, 19(4), 429-461.
Kenny, O., Smyth, T. J., Hewage, C. M., & Brunton, N. P. (2015). Quantitative UPLC‐MS/MS analysis of chlorogenic acid derivatives in antioxidant fractionates from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 50(3), 766-773.
Koh, Y.-J., Cha, D.-S., Ko, J.-S., Park, H.-J., & Choi, H.-D. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Taraxacum officinale leaves on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of medicinal food, 13(4), 870-878.
Mahesh, A., Jeyachandran, R., Cindrella, L., Thangadurai, D., Veerapur, V., & Muralidhara Rao, D. (2010). Hepatocurative potential of sesquiterpene lactones of Taraxacum officinale on carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in mice. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 61(2), 175-190.
Marston, A. (2007). Role of advances in chromatographic techniques in phytochemistry. Phytochemistry, 68(22-24), 2786-2798.
Petlevski, R., Hadžija, M., Slijepčević, M., Juretić, D., & Petrik, J. (2003). Glutathione S‐transferases and malondialdehyde in the liver of NOD mice on short‐term treatment with plant mixture extract P‐9801091. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 17(4), 311-314.
Rehman, S., Ijaz, B., Fatima, N., Muhammad, S. A., & Riazuddin, S. (2016). Therapeutic potential of Taraxacum officinale against HCV NS5B polymerase: In-vitro and In silico study. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 83, 881-891.
Sanderson, J. (2020). Fundamentals of microscopy. Current Protocols in Mouse Biology, 10(2), e76.
Sati, S. C., & Kumar, P. (2015). Assessment of Himalayan juniper, Juniperus squamata buch–ham ex d. don for phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential against some infection causing pathogens. World J Pharmaceut Res, 4, 998-1011.
Schütz, K., Carle, R., & Schieber, A. (2006). Taraxacum—a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 107(3), 313-323.
Sherma, J. (2010). Review of HPTLC in drug analysis: 1996-2009. Journal of AOAC international, 93(3), 754-764.
Singh, A., Malhotra, S., & Subban, R. (2008). Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)-hepatoprotective herb with therapeutic potential. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2(3), 163.
Stewart-Wade, S. M., Neumann, S., Collins, L. L., & Boland, G. J. (2002). The biology of Canadian weeds. 117. Taraxacum officinale GH Weber ex Wiggers. Canadian journal of plant science, 82(4), 825-853.
Stuart, M. (1979). The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Herbalism, properties and stabilisation. İsrael Journal of Botany, Grosset and Dunlop, New York, 49.
Tewari, N. N. (1991). Some crude drugs: source, substitute and adulterant with special reference to KTM crude drug market. Sachitra Ayurved, 44(4), 284-290.
World Health, O. (1998). Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials: World Health Organization.
Yoon, T.-J. (2008). Effect of water extracts from root of Taraxacum officinale on innate and adaptive immune responses in mice. The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition, 21(3), 275-282.
Akhtar, M. S., Khan, Q. M., & Khaliq, T. (1985). Effects of Portulaca oleracae (Kulfa) and Taraxacum officinale (Dhudhal) in normoglycaemic and alloxan-treated hyperglycaemic rabbits. J Pak Med Assoc, 35(7), 207-210.
Archana, P., Samatha, T., Mahitha, B., & Chamundeswari, N. R. (2012). Preliminary phytochemical screening from leaf and seed extracts of Senna alata L. Roxb-an ethno medicinal plant. Int J Pharm Biol Res, 3(3), 82-89.
Barnes, J., Anderson, L. A., & Phillipson, J. D. (2007). Chamomile, Roman. Herbal Medicines. 3rd Edition. Pharmaceutical Press, London, Chicago, 157.
Bauer, R. (1998). Quality criteria and standardization of phytopharmaceuticals: Can acceptable drug standards be achieved? Drug information journal: DIJ/Drug Information Association, 32, 101-110.
Bodeker, G. (2005). WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (Vol. 1): World Health Organization.
Dearing, M. D., Mangione, A. M., & Karasov, W. H. (2001). Plant secondary compounds as diuretics: an overlooked consequence. American Zoologist, 41(4), 890-901.
Duke, J. A., & Martinez, R. V. (1994). Handbook of Ethnobotanicals (Peru): CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Flores-Ocelotl, M. R., Rosas-Murrieta, N. H., Moreno, D. A., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Reyes-Leyva, J., Domínguez, F., & Santos-López, G. (2018). Taraxacum officinale and Urtica dioica extracts inhibit dengue virus serotype 2 replication in vitro. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 18(1), 1-10.
Ghaima, K. K., Hashim, N. M., & Ali, S. A. (2013). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract of nettle (Urtica dioica) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(5), 096-099.
Hagymási, K., Blázovics, A., Fehér, J., Lugasi, A., Kristó, S. T., & Kery, A. (2000). The in vitro effect of dandelions antioxidants on microsomal lipid peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 14(1), 43-44.
Hfaiedh, M., Brahmi, D., & Zourgui, L. (2016). Hepatoprotective effect of T araxacum officinale leaf extract on sodium dichromate‐induced liver injury in rats. Environmental Toxicology, 31(3), 339-349.
Jaramillo-Jaramillo, C., Jaramillo-Espinoza, A., D’Armas, H., Troccoli, L., & de Astudillo, L. R. (2016). Concentraciones de alcaloides, glucósidos cianogénicos, polifenoles y saponinas en plantas medicinales seleccionadas en Ecuador y su relación con la toxicidad aguda contra Artemia salina. Revista de Biología Tropical, 64(3).
Jones, P. M., & Persaud, S. J. (1998). Protein kinases, protein phosphorylation, and the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Endocrine reviews, 19(4), 429-461.
Kenny, O., Smyth, T. J., Hewage, C. M., & Brunton, N. P. (2015). Quantitative UPLC‐MS/MS analysis of chlorogenic acid derivatives in antioxidant fractionates from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 50(3), 766-773.
Koh, Y.-J., Cha, D.-S., Ko, J.-S., Park, H.-J., & Choi, H.-D. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Taraxacum officinale leaves on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of medicinal food, 13(4), 870-878.
Mahesh, A., Jeyachandran, R., Cindrella, L., Thangadurai, D., Veerapur, V., & Muralidhara Rao, D. (2010). Hepatocurative potential of sesquiterpene lactones of Taraxacum officinale on carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in mice. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 61(2), 175-190.
Marston, A. (2007). Role of advances in chromatographic techniques in phytochemistry. Phytochemistry, 68(22-24), 2786-2798.
Petlevski, R., Hadžija, M., Slijepčević, M., Juretić, D., & Petrik, J. (2003). Glutathione S‐transferases and malondialdehyde in the liver of NOD mice on short‐term treatment with plant mixture extract P‐9801091. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 17(4), 311-314.
Rehman, S., Ijaz, B., Fatima, N., Muhammad, S. A., & Riazuddin, S. (2016). Therapeutic potential of Taraxacum officinale against HCV NS5B polymerase: In-vitro and In silico study. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 83, 881-891.
Sanderson, J. (2020). Fundamentals of microscopy. Current Protocols in Mouse Biology, 10(2), e76.
Sati, S. C., & Kumar, P. (2015). Assessment of Himalayan juniper, Juniperus squamata buch–ham ex d. don for phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential against some infection causing pathogens. World J Pharmaceut Res, 4, 998-1011.
Schütz, K., Carle, R., & Schieber, A. (2006). Taraxacum—a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 107(3), 313-323.
Sherma, J. (2010). Review of HPTLC in drug analysis: 1996-2009. Journal of AOAC international, 93(3), 754-764.
Singh, A., Malhotra, S., & Subban, R. (2008). Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)-hepatoprotective herb with therapeutic potential. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2(3), 163.
Stewart-Wade, S. M., Neumann, S., Collins, L. L., & Boland, G. J. (2002). The biology of Canadian weeds. 117. Taraxacum officinale GH Weber ex Wiggers. Canadian journal of plant science, 82(4), 825-853.
Stuart, M. (1979). The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Herbalism, properties and stabilisation. İsrael Journal of Botany, Grosset and Dunlop, New York, 49.
Tewari, N. N. (1991). Some crude drugs: source, substitute and adulterant with special reference to KTM crude drug market. Sachitra Ayurved, 44(4), 284-290.
World Health, O. (1998). Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials: World Health Organization.
Yoon, T.-J. (2008). Effect of water extracts from root of Taraxacum officinale on innate and adaptive immune responses in mice. The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition, 21(3), 275-282.
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