Antibacterial screening of Terminalia chebula Retz. against certain bacterial strains
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Published
May 10, 2023
Aparajita Gupta
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of four different crude drug extract of Terminalia chebula (Badi Harad) extracted in methanol, ethanol acetone and aqueous solvent against certain food borne microorganisms i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. Methanolic extract had the strongest antibacterial effect, followed by acetone, ethanol, and aqueous extract. Maximum antibacterial activity obtained at 100% crude drug extract in methanolic was recorded against E. coli (25.6 mm) whereas in acetonic extract highest inhibition at 100% conc. was visualized against S. typhi and V. cholerae (22 mm).All four solvent crude extract crudes showed varient response in term of inhibition zone against all test organisms. Phytochemical analysis by standard methodology as well as by HPLC of the extracted crude samples showed presence of various phytoconstituents.
How to Cite
Gupta, A. (2023). Antibacterial screening of Terminalia chebula Retz. against certain bacterial strains. Environment Conservation Journal, 24(2), 320–326. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.18192546
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Keywords
Antibacterial activity, HPLC analysis, Phytochemical analysis, Terminalia chebula
References
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Aneja, K.R. & Joshi, R. (2009). Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against dental caries pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2(3), 105-111.
Asimuddin, M., Bhumika, R., Kaiser J. & Chandrakanth, R. (2017). Estimation of Antibacterial Activity of Plants Extracts from Phyllanthus Emblica, Terminalia Chebula and Eucalyptus Globulus against Oral Pathogens. Int. J. Dent & Oral Heal, 3(9), 100-104.
Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satil, F & Ates, M. (2009a). Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharm. Biol, 47(7), 563-571.
Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satil, F., & Ates, M. (2009b).In vitro activity of methanol extracts of plants used as spices against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacteria. Food chemistry, 116(1), 289-294.
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Kumar, G., Pundir, R.K. & Rana, S. (2013). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of antidiabetic plant Terminalia chebula. Int. J. Trad. Nat. Med, 2(1), 9- 20.
Kumar, M., Agarwal, R.C., Dey, S., Rai, V.K. & Johnson, B. (2009).Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. On Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Int. J. Current Pharma. Res, 1(1), 56-60.
Lee, M & Hwang, Y.S. (2021). Anticaries Effect of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia chebula. J. Dent. Hyg. Sci, 21(2), 119-126.
Mukherjee, P.W. (2002). Quality control of herbal drugs: An approach to evaluation of botanicals. Business Horizon Pub., New Delhi, India.
Nam, Y.J. & Hwang, Y.S. (2021). Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans. Clin Exp Dent Res, 7, 987–994.
Sah, S., Shrestha, R., Koirala, S. & Bhattarai, K (2012). Phytochemical and antimicrobial assessment of five medicinal plants found in terai region.Nepal. J. Sci. and Technol, 13(2), 79-86.
Santas, J., Almajano, M. & Carbo, R. (2010). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of crude onion (Allium cepa L.) extracts. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol, 45(2), 403-409.
Sing, B. & Bhat, T.K. (2003). Potential therapeutic applications of some antinutritional plants secondary metabolites. J. Agric. Food. Chem, 51, 5579-5597.
Tsai, T., Tsai, T., Chien, Y., Lee, C. & Tsai, P. (2008). In vitro antimicrobial activities against cariogenic streptococci and their antioxidant capacities: A comparative study of green tea versus different herbs. Food Chem, 110(4), 859-864.
Wickramsinghe, M.B. (2006). Quality control, screening, toxicity and regulation of herbal drugs. Modern phytomedicine, 25-57
Xia, D., Wu, X., Shi, J., Yang, Q & Zhang, Y. (2011a). Phenolic compounds from the edible seeds extract of Chinese Mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) and their antimicrobial activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 44(1), 347-349.
Xia, D., Wu, X., Shi, J., Yang, Q & Zhang, Y. (2011b). Phenolic compounds from the edible seeds extract of Chinese Mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) and their antimicrobial activity. LWTFood Sci. Technol, 44(1), 347-349.
Ahmad, I., Mehmood, Z. & Mohammad, F. (1998). Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. J. Ethnopharmacol, 62, 183-193.
Albayrak, S., Aksoy, A., Sagdic, O. & Budak, U. (2010). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Helichrysum species collected from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turk. J. Biol, 34(4), 463-473.
Aneja, K.R. & Joshi, R. (2009). Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against dental caries pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2(3), 105-111.
Asimuddin, M., Bhumika, R., Kaiser J. & Chandrakanth, R. (2017). Estimation of Antibacterial Activity of Plants Extracts from Phyllanthus Emblica, Terminalia Chebula and Eucalyptus Globulus against Oral Pathogens. Int. J. Dent & Oral Heal, 3(9), 100-104.
Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satil, F & Ates, M. (2009a). Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharm. Biol, 47(7), 563-571.
Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satil, F., & Ates, M. (2009b).In vitro activity of methanol extracts of plants used as spices against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacteria. Food chemistry, 116(1), 289-294.
Babic, I., Nguyen-the, C., Amiot, M.J. & Aubert, S. (1994). Antimicrobial activity of shredded carrot extracts on foodborne bacteria and yeast. J. Appl. Bacteriol, 76(2), 135-141.
Bag, A., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Bharati, P., Pal, N. K. & Chattopadhyay, R. R. (2009). Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Chebulic myrobalan (fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz.) extracts against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Afr.J.Plant Sci, 3(2), 025-029.
Bell, S.C.N. & Grundy, W.E. (1968). Preparation of agar well for Antibiotic assay. Applied Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology. 16(10),1611-1612
Bodeker, C., Bodeker, G., Ong, C.K., Grundy, C.K., Burford, G. & Shein, K. (2005). Whole global Atlas of traditional complementary and alternative medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Chopra, P.K.P.G., Saraf, B.D., Inam, F. & Deo, S. S. (2013). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and HPLC analysis. Int. J. Pharmacy & Pharma Sci, 5(2), 157-160.
Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev, 12(4), 564-582.
Dwivedi, D., Khandelwal, G., Patidar, R.K. & Singh, V. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of Menthaarvensis against clinical isolates of human carcinogenic pathogens- An In vitro study. Int. J. Pharma. Sci. & Res, 3(5), 942-947.
Freeman, B.L., Eggett, D.L. & Parker T.L. (2010). Synergistic and Antagonistic Interactions ofPhenolic Compounds Found in Navel Oranges. J. Food Sci, 75(6), C570-C576.
Iwu, M.M., Duncan, A.R. & Okunji, C.O. (1999). New Antimicrobials of plantorigin. In: Janick, J (Ed). Perspectives on crops and uses. Ashs Press Alexandria, V.A, 457-462.
Jayalakshmi, B., Raveesha, K.A. & Amruthesh, K.N. (2011). Phytochemical investigations and antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants against pathogenic bacteria. J. Appl. Pharma. Sci, 05, 124-128.
Kaur, S., Michael, H., Arora, S., Harkonen, P.L. & Kumar, S. (2005). The in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Triphala- an Indian Herbal drug. J Ethnopharmacol, 97, 15-20.
Khandelwal, K.R. (2004). Practical pharmacognosy. 12th ed. Pune: Nirali prakashan, 149-160.
Kokate, C.K., Purohit, A.P. & Gokhale, S.B (2007). Pharmacognosy. 39th ed. Pune: Nirali prakashan, 108-109.
Kumar, G., Pundir, R.K. & Rana, S. (2013). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of antidiabetic plant Terminalia chebula. Int. J. Trad. Nat. Med, 2(1), 9- 20.
Kumar, M., Agarwal, R.C., Dey, S., Rai, V.K. & Johnson, B. (2009).Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. On Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Int. J. Current Pharma. Res, 1(1), 56-60.
Lee, M & Hwang, Y.S. (2021). Anticaries Effect of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia chebula. J. Dent. Hyg. Sci, 21(2), 119-126.
Mukherjee, P.W. (2002). Quality control of herbal drugs: An approach to evaluation of botanicals. Business Horizon Pub., New Delhi, India.
Nam, Y.J. & Hwang, Y.S. (2021). Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans. Clin Exp Dent Res, 7, 987–994.
Sah, S., Shrestha, R., Koirala, S. & Bhattarai, K (2012). Phytochemical and antimicrobial assessment of five medicinal plants found in terai region.Nepal. J. Sci. and Technol, 13(2), 79-86.
Santas, J., Almajano, M. & Carbo, R. (2010). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of crude onion (Allium cepa L.) extracts. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol, 45(2), 403-409.
Sing, B. & Bhat, T.K. (2003). Potential therapeutic applications of some antinutritional plants secondary metabolites. J. Agric. Food. Chem, 51, 5579-5597.
Tsai, T., Tsai, T., Chien, Y., Lee, C. & Tsai, P. (2008). In vitro antimicrobial activities against cariogenic streptococci and their antioxidant capacities: A comparative study of green tea versus different herbs. Food Chem, 110(4), 859-864.
Wickramsinghe, M.B. (2006). Quality control, screening, toxicity and regulation of herbal drugs. Modern phytomedicine, 25-57
Xia, D., Wu, X., Shi, J., Yang, Q & Zhang, Y. (2011a). Phenolic compounds from the edible seeds extract of Chinese Mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) and their antimicrobial activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 44(1), 347-349.
Xia, D., Wu, X., Shi, J., Yang, Q & Zhang, Y. (2011b). Phenolic compounds from the edible seeds extract of Chinese Mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) and their antimicrobial activity. LWTFood Sci. Technol, 44(1), 347-349.
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