Microclimate analysis of high-density urban residential open enclosures: A case of Thane, India
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Published
Mar 9, 2023
Vandana Srivastava
Alok Sharma
Sanjay Singh Jadon
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-1885
Alok Sharma
Sanjay Singh Jadon
Abstract
Urban heat island produces a significant impact by modifying the microclimate in urban areas. To ensure good quality of life with a safe and healthy built environment, the floor space index (FSI) can be an effective tool. It helps to control the urban densities and shape the morphology of the built environment. Taking the case of typical residential development in a densely populated Indian city, an attempt has been made to explore the relationship between FSI and the microclimate of such open spaces that perform like an open enclosure (OE). Adopting the simulation pathway in ENVI-met, a mathematical relationship is established between an important tool used by urban planners and the variables of the microclimate in a typical urban enclosure. The observations indicate that FSI has a strong negative correlation with air temperature and mean radiant temperature. Evaluation of physiological equivalent temperature reveals a similar relationship with FSI, demonstrating a temporal transposition of the trend for a particular FSI range of 2.5-3.5 in the late evening and early morning hours due to high humidity levels and reduced wind speeds. The study will help the planners to prognosticate the microclimatic variables while working out the data-based, logical and well-evaluated future development control regulations.
How to Cite
Srivastava, V., Sharma , A., & Jadon, S. S. (2023). Microclimate analysis of high-density urban residential open enclosures: A case of Thane, India. Environment Conservation Journal, 24(2), 434–447. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.14092419
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Keywords
Built-environment, ENVI-met, Floor space index, Microclimate, Simulation, Sustainable
References
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Yahia, M. W., & Johansson, E. (2013). Influence of urban planning regulations on the microclimate in a hot dry climate: The example of Damascus, Syria. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 28(1).
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Yang, X., Zhao, L., Bruse, M., & Meng, Q. (2013). Evaluation of a microclimate model for predicting the thermal behavior of different ground surfaces. Building and Environment, 60, 93–104.
Chatzidimitriou, A., & Yannas, S. (2004). Microclimatic Studies of Urban Open Spaces in Northern Greece. The 21st Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture.
Chatzidimitriou, A., & Yannas, S. (2016). Microclimate design for open spaces: Ranking urban design effects on pedestrian thermal comfort in summer. Sustainable Cities and Society, 26, 27–47.
Chatzinikolaou, E., Chalkias, C., & Dimopoulou, E. (2018). Urban microclimate improvement using ENVI-MET climate model. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 42(4), 69–76.
Donny Koerniawan, M. (2015). The Simulation Study of Thermal Comfort in Urban Open Spaces of Commercial Area Using EnviMet Software.
Du, Y., Mak, C. M., & Tang, B. (2018). Effects of building height and porosity on pedestrian level wind comfort in a high-density urban built environment. Building Simulation, 11(6), 1215–1228.
Emmanuel, R., Rosenlund, H., & Johansson, E. (2007). Urban shading - A design option for the tropics? A study in Colombo, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Climatology, 27(14), 1995–2004.
Erell, E., Pearlmutter, D., & Williamson, T. (2011). Urban Microclimate-Designing the Spaces between Buildings. CITY WEATHERS: METEOROLOGY AND URBAN DESIGN 1950-2010, 127–132.
Fong, C. S., Aghamohammadi, N., Ramakreshnan, L., Sulaiman, N. M., & Mohammadi, P. (2019). Holistic recommendations for future outdoor thermal comfort assessment in tropical Southeast Asia: A critical appraisal. In Sustainable Cities and Society (Vol. 46). Elsevier Ltd.
Jamei, E., Ossen, D. R., & Rajagopalan, P. (2017). Investigating the effect of urban configurations on the variation of air temperature. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 6(2), 389–399.
Jin, H., Liu, Z., Jin, Y., Kang, J., & Liu, J. (2017). The effects of residential area building layout on outdoor wind environment at the pedestrian level in severe cold regions of China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(12).
Kakon, A. N., Mishima, N., & Kojima, S. (2009). Simulation of the urban thermal comfort in a high-density tropical city: Analysis of the proposed urban construction rules for Dhaka, Bangladesh. Building Simulation, 2(4), 291–305.
Kakoniti, A., Georgiou, G., Marakkos, K., Kumar, P., & Neophytou, M. K. A. (2016). The role of materials selection in the urban heat island effect in dry mid-latitude climates. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 16(2), 347–371.
Ketterer, C., & Matzarakis, A. (2015). Comparison of different methods for the assessment of the urban heat island in Stuttgart, Germany. International Journal of Biometeorology, 59(9), 1299–1309.
Koerniawan, M. D. (2017). The climate sensitive design in hot-humid urban design. Dimensi (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment), 44(2).
Lin, P., Lau, S. S. Y., Qin, H., & Gou, Z. (2017). Effects of urban planning indicators on urban heat island: a case study of pocket parks in high-rise high-density environment. Landscape and Urban Planning, 168, 48–60.
Ma, T., & Chen, T. (2020). Classification and pedestrian-level wind environment assessment among Tianjin’s residential area based on numerical simulation. Urban Climate, 34, 100702.
Matzarakis, A., & Amelung, B. (n.d.). Physiological Equivalent Temperature as Indicator for Impacts of Climate Change on Thermal Comfort of Humans. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2008.
Mehrotra, S., Subramanian, D., Bardhan, R., & Jana, A. (2021). Effect of surface treatment and built form on thermal profile of open spaces: A case of Mumbai, India. Urban Climate, 35, 100736.
Nasir, R. A., Ahmad, S. S., Zain-Ahmed, A., & Ibrahim, N. (2015). Adapting Human Comfort in an Urban Area: The Role of Tree Shades Towards Urban Regeneration. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 369–380.
Othman, H. A. S., & Alshboul, A. A. (2020). The role of urban morphology on outdoor thermal comfort: The case of Al-Sharq City – Az Zarqa. Urban Climate, 34, 100706.
Salal Rajan, E. H., & Amirtham, L. R. (2021). Impact of building regulations on the perceived outdoor thermal comfort in the mixed-use neighbourhood of Chennai. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 10(1), 148–163.
Salata, F., Golasi, I., Vollaro, A. D. L., & Vollaro, R. D. L. (2015). How high albedo and traditional buildings’ materials and vegetation affect the quality of urban microclimate. A case study. Energy and Buildings, 99, 32–49.
Santamouris, M., Gaitani, N., Spanou, A., Saliari, M., Giannopoulou, K., Vasilakopoulou, K., & Kardomateas, T. (2012). Using cool paving materials to improve microclimate of urban areas - Design realization and results of the flisvos project. Building and Environment, 53, 128–136.
Shareef, S., & Abu-Hijleh, B. (2020). The effect of building height diversity on outdoor microclimate conditions in hot climate. A case study of Dubai-UAE. Urban Climate, 32, 100611.
Smith, C., & Levermore, G. (2008). Designing urban spaces and buildings to improve sustainability and quality of life in a warmer world. Energy Policy, 36(12), 4558–4562.
Stocco, S., Cantón, M. A., & Correa, E. (2021). Evaluation of design schemes for urban squares in arid climate cities, Mendoza, Argentina. Building Simulation, 14(3), 763–777.
Thakur, K. A., & Sanyal, A. J. (2016). Impact of Building by-laws on microclimatic elements of residential building layouts. Case Nagpur. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, 10(11), 26–31.
Tumini, I., & Rubio-Bellido, C. (2016). Measuring Climate Change Impact on Urban Microclimate: A Case Study of Concepción. Procedia Engineering, 161, 2290–2296.
Xue, F., Gou, Z., & Lau, S. S. Y. (2017). Green open space in high-dense Asian cities: Site configurations, microclimates and users’ perceptions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 34, 114–125.
Yahia, M. W., & Johansson, E. (2013). Influence of urban planning regulations on the microclimate in a hot dry climate: The example of Damascus, Syria. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 28(1).
Yang, J., Wang, Z. H., & Kaloush, K. E. (2015). Environmental impacts of reflective materials: Is high albedo a ‘silver bullet’ for mitigating urban heat island? In Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (Vol. 47, pp. 830–843). Elsevier Ltd.
Yang, X., Zhao, L., Bruse, M., & Meng, Q. (2013). Evaluation of a microclimate model for predicting the thermal behavior of different ground surfaces. Building and Environment, 60, 93–104.
Section
Case Studies
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