Phytoremediation potential of macrophytes against heavy metals, nitrates and phosphates: A review
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Published
Jan 8, 2023
Imtiyaz Qayoom
Inain Jaies
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-4590
Inain Jaies
Abstract
Natural waters are degraded either by contaminants or pollutants. Contaminants are synthetic compounds which cause degradation of water quality, even when present in minute residues. They include pesticides, heavy metals, Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl’s, Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons, plastics etc. On the other hand, pollution precisely refers to the increase in nitrates and phosphates in water body. Aquatic macrophytes, besides their role in the food chains, play significant part in mitigating both pollutant and contaminant levels. Their uptake and sequestration of nitrates, phosphates and heavy metals is well documented and published in worldwide. This paper reviews the efficacy of different macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems for uptake of pollutants and contaminants. It will provide an insight for policy makers in efficient mitigation of pollution levels in the water body.
How to Cite
Qayoom, I., & Jaies, I. (2023). Phytoremediation potential of macrophytes against heavy metals, nitrates and phosphates: A review. Environment Conservation Journal, 24(1), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.12102318
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Keywords
Aquatic, Contaminant, Pollutant, Removal, Sequestration
References
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Axtell, N.R, Sternberg, S.P.K., &Claussen, K. (2003). Lead and nickel removal using Microspora and Lemna minor. Bioresourse Technology, 89(1), 41-48.
Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Ruhela, M. (2021). Effect of composition and depth of filter-bed on the efficiency of Sand-intermittent-filter treating the Industrial wastewater at Haridwar, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 88-94.
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Bhutiani, R., Rai, N., Kumar, N., Rausa, M., & Ahamad, F. (2019a). Treatment of industrial waste water using Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipus) and Duckweed (Lemna minor): A Comparative study. Environment Conservation Journal, 20(1&2), 15-25.
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Burges, A., Alkorta, I., Epelde, L., & Garbisu, C. (2018). From phytoremediation of soil contaminants to phytomanagement of ecosystem services in metal contaminated sites. International Jounal of Phytoremediation,20(4), 384–397.
Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A., Aarabi, M.A., Delaune, R.D., Gambrell, R.P.,& Patrick, W.H. (1998). The influence of arsenic chemical form and concentration on Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora growth and tissue arsenic concentration. Plant Soil, 198(1), 33-43.
Charan, P.D., Ashwani, K.J., Mahendra, S., Karni, S.B., & Manjo, K.M. (2014). Analysis of some heavy metals in wastewater irrigated vegetables grown in Bikaner city, Rajasthan. Journal of Applied Phytotechnology in Environmental Sanitation, 3(1), 29-34.
Chong, Y.X., Hu, H.Y., & Qian, Y. (2003).Advances in Utilization of Macrophytes in Water Pollution Control.Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 4,36-40.
DalCorso, G., Fasani, E., Manara, A., Visioli, G., & Furini, A. (2019). Heavy metal pollutions: state of the art and innovation in phytoremediation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(14), 3412.
De Souza, M.P., Huang, C.P., Chee, N. & Terry, N. (1999). Rhizosphere bacteria enhance the accumulation of Se and Hg in wetland plants. Planta, 209(2), 259-263.
Delgado, M., Bigeriego, M., & Guardiola, E. (1993).Uptake of Zn, Cr and Cd by water hyacinth. Water Research, 27(2), 269-272.
Demirezen, D., & Aksoy, A. (2004). Accumulation of heavy metals in Typha angustifolia and Potamogeton pectinatus living in Sultan Marsh (Kayseri, Turkey). Chemosphere, 56(7), 685-696.
Dhir, B., Sharmila, P., & Saradhi, P.P. (2009). Potential of aquatic macrophytes for removing contaminants from the environment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 39(9), 754-781.
Donatus, M. (2016). Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent using Salvinia molesta. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 9, 608-613.
Eloy, G.G., Marta, R., Gertjan, M., Miquel, C., & Rosina, G. (2019).Quantitative risk assessment of norovirus and adenovirus for the use of reclaimed water to irrigate lettuce in Catalonia. Water Research, 153, 91–99.
Emiliani, J., LlatanceOyarce, W.G., Bergara, C.D., Salvatierra, L.M., Novo, L.A.,& Pérez, L.M. (2020). Variations in the phytoremediation efficiency of metal-polluted water with Salvinia biloba: prospects and toxicological impacts. Water, 12(6), 1737.
Farago, M.E., & Parsons, P.J. (1994). The effects of various platinum metal species on the plant Eichhornia crassipes (MART) solms. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailabilty, 6(1), 1-12.
Fernandesa, C., Fontainhas, F.A., Peixotoc, F., & Salgadod, M.A. (2007).Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Liza saliens from the Esmoriz –Paramos coastal lagoon, Portugal. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66(3),426–431.
Hassanzadeh, M., Zarkami, R., &Sadeghi, R. (2021).Uptake and accumulation of heavy metals by water body and Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali wetland. Applied Water Science, 11(6): 1-8.
Hejna, M., Moscatelli, A., Stroppa. N., Onelli, E., Pilu, S., Baldi, A., & Rossi, L.(2020). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals from wastewater through a Typha latifolia and Thelypteris palustris phytoremediation system. Chemosphere, 241, 125018.
Hoffmann, T., Kutter, C., & Santamria, J.M. (2004). Capacity of Salvinia minima Baker to tolerate and accumulate As and Pb. Engineering in Life Sciences,4(1), 61-65.
Hu, M.J., Wei, Y.L., Yang, Y.W., & Lee, J.F. (2003). Immobilization of chromium (VI) with debris of aquatic plants. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71(4), 840-847.
Huebert, D.B., & Shay, J.M. (1993). The response of Lemna trisulca L. to cadmium. Environmental Pollution, 80(3), 247-253.
Ibrahim, S.M.A.G., Elsheikh, M.A., & Al-Solaimani, S.G. (2016).Phytoremediation of Toxic Heavy Metals by Potamogeton pectinatus (L.) Plant from Alasfar Lake Polluted with Wastewater in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Jain, S.K., Vasudevan, P., & Jha, N.K. (1990). Azolla pinnata and Lemna minor for removal of lead and zinc from polluted water. Water Research, 24(2), 177-183.
Kara, Y. (2005). Bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn and Ni from wastewater by treated Nasturtium officinale. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2(1), 63-67.
Li, K., Liu, L., Yang, H., Zhang, C., Xie, H., & Li, C. (2016). Phytoremediation potential of three species of macrophytes for nitrate in contaminated water. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(8), 1259-1267.
Low, K.S., Lee, C.K., & Tai, C.H. (1994).Biosorption of copper by water hyacinth roots. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 29(1), 171-188.
Maine, A,M., Sune, N.L. & Lagger, S.C. (2004). Bioaccumulation: Comparison of the capacity of two aquatic macrophytes. Water Research, 38(6), 1494-1501.
Mateo-Sagasta, J., Zadeh, S.M., Turral, H., & Burke, J. (2017). Water pollution from agriculture: a global review. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome and the International Water Management Institute on behalf of the Water Land and Ecosystems Research Program, Colombo.
Matsuo, T. (2003). Japanese experiences of environmental management. Water Science and Technology, 47, 7-14.
Miretzky, P., Saralegui, A., & Cirelli, A.F. (2004).Aquatic macrophytes potential for simultaneous removal of heavy metals (Buenos Aires, Argentine).Chemosphere,57(8), 997-1005.
Mishra, V., & Tripathi, B.D. (2009).Accumulation of chromium and zinc from aqueous solutions using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164,1059-1063.
Molisani, M.M., Rocha, R., Machado, W., Barreto, R.C. & Lacerda, I.D. (2006). Mercury contents in aquatic macrophytes from two Reservoirs in the para´ıba do sul: Guandu river system, Se, Brazil. Braz. Journal of Biology, 66, 101-107.
Muarmoto, S., & Oki, Y. (1983). Removal of some heavy metals from polluted water by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 30(1), 170-177.
Nazir, M.I., Idrees, I., Idrees, P., Ahmad, S., Ali, Q., & Malik, A. (2020).Potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes L.) for phytoremediation of heavy metals from waste water. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal, 1.
Odjegba, V.J., & Fasidi, I.O. (2004). Accumulation of trace elements by Pistia stratiotes. Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology, 13(7), 637-646.
Olguin, E.J., Hernandez, E., & Ramos, I. (2002). The effect of both different light conditions and pH value on the capacity of Salvinia minima Baker for removing cadmium, lead and chromium.Acta Scientific Biotechnology,1–2, 121-131.
Pendias, H., & Pendias, K. (1989). Trace Elements in Soil and Plants. Boca Raton, FL, CRC.
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