Main Article Content
Abstract
An investigation was performed to characterize the irrigation water quality of the groundnut belt in the erstwhile Mahabubnagar district, Telangana for which 35 irrigation water samples from both canal and groundwater sources from the study area were collected through a preliminary survey in the selected farmer’s fields. The samples which were analyzed for pH, EC, RSC, SAR Mg/Ca ratio and Kelly’s ratio in the laboratory interpreted that the pH was slightly alkaline (pH: 7.58) with medium salinity (0.64 dS/m) and high Mg/Ca (1.15) ratio though the RSC (5.05) and SAR (2.68) fall in the safe ranges and were classified under C2S1 and C3S1 irrigation water classes. Considering the pH range in the irrigation water, proper management of the soil through incorporation of organic manures at regular intervals is suggested in all the regions of the groundnut belt (highly and marginally potential zones) having pH above 7.50 to prevent mounting up of soil pH when irrigated continuously over a period of time.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2022 Environment Conservation Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- Ayers, R.S. & D.W. Westcot. (1976). Water Quality for Agriculture, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 29.
- Ayers, R.S. & Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water Quality for Agriculture: FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 29.
- Barnes, Ivan. (1964). Field measurement of alkalinity and pH. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 1525-H (pp: 1-17).
- Bhardwaj, S., Khanna, D. R., Ruhela, M., Bhutiani, R., Bhardwaj, R., & Ahamad, F. (2020). Assessment of the soil quality of Haridwar Uttarakhand India: A comparative study. Environment Conservation Journal, 21(3), 155-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2020.21319
- Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2019). A case study on changing pattern of agriculture and related factors at Najibabad region of Bijnor, India. Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation, 1, 236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0158-018
- Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Ruhela, M. (2021). Effect of composition and depth of filter-bed on the efficiency of Sand-intermittent-filter treating the Industrial wastewater at Haridwar, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 88-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2421
- Chintapalli, S.M., Raju., P.V., Hakeem, K.A. & Jonna, S. (2000). Satellite remote sensing and GIS technologies to aid sustainable management of Indian irrigation systems. In Proceedings of “International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,” Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 16th to 23rd July, 2000, XXXIII (B7): 264-271.
- Diehl, H., Goetz, C.A. & Hach, C.C. (1950). The versenate titration for total hardness. Journal of American Water Works Association, 42(1): 40-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1950.tb18799.x
- District census handbook – Mahabubnagar. (2011): Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. Series-29, pp: 1-600.
- Etteieb, S., Cherif, S. & Tarhouni, J. (2017). Hydro-chemical assessment of water quality for irrigation: A case study of the Medjerda River in Tunisia. Applied Water Science, 7 (1), 469-480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0265-3
- Hem, J.D. (1970). Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water. United States Geological Survey, Water Supply, 2nd edition, (pp: 1-1473).
- Jackson, M.L. (1967): Soil Chemical Analysis. (eds.) Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
- Kelly, W.P. (1940). Permissible Composition and Concentration of Irrigated Waters. In Proceedings of “The American Society of Civil Engineers,” 66, 607-613.
- Laloo, L., Chandrakantha, G. & Deshbhandari, P.G. (2020). Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation use in Kumadvati watershed, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 9 (5), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS050709
- Madhusudhana, B.J. (2013): Ground water brochure, Mahabubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh. Central Groundwater Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, (pp: 1-29).
- Mirabbasi, R., Mazloumzadeh, S. M. & Rahnama, M. B. (2008). Evaluation of irrigation water quality using fuzzy logic. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 340–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2008.340.352
- Ramakrishnaiah, C.R., Adashiv, C. & Ranganna, G. (2009). Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 6, 523–530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/757424
- Ramesh, K. & Elango, K. (2011) Groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and agricultural use in Tondiar river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environment Monitoring and Assessment, 11, 2231-2233.
- Ranjit, M., Rao, K.J., Sridevi, S., Ramesh, S.T. & Bhave, M.H.V. (2017). Groundwater quality and fluoride contamination in Kalwakurthy Mandal of Mahabubnagr District, Telangana State, India. International Journal of Pure and applied Bioscience, 5(4), 1397-1405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5602
- Ranjitha, A., Narasimha, A. & Saxena, P.R. (2018). Assessment of water quality for drinking and irrigation purpose in Alladurg mandal of Medak district, Telangana State, South India. In Proceedings of “5th National Conference on Water, Environment, and Society,” 399-404.
- Ruhela, M., Singh, V. K., & Ahamad, F. (2021). Assessment of groundwater quality of two selected villages of Nawada district of Bihar using water quality index. Environment Conservation Journal, 22(3), 387-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2021.22344
- Srinivasulu, D., Eshwar Chandra., Sateesh Kumar., Rahul., Santhosh & Gayathri. (2016). Assessment of ground water quality: selected villages of Mahabubnagar mandal & district, Telangana State (India). International Journal of Science and Research, 5(5), 2369-2374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21275/v5i5.NOV163398
- Statistical year book – Mahabubnagar. (2017): Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana, Hyderabad, (pp: 1-516).
- Sundaraiah, R., Laxman Kumar, D., Vishnu Bhoopathi, Sakram, G., Srinivas, E. & Sudarshan. (2014). Assessing groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Kalwakurthy area, Mahabubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(3), 30-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/MARCH2014/10
- Tiwari, R.N. (2011) Assessment of ground water quality and pollution potential of Jawa block, Reva district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Proceedings of “International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences,” 1, 202-212.
- Tyagi, S., Dubey, R. C., Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2020). Multivariate Statistical analysis of river ganga water at Rishikesh and Haridwar, India. Analytical Chemistry Letters, 10(2), 195-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2020.1756405
- United States Salinity Laboratory (eds.) (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service. US Department of Agriculture Handbook, (pp: 60-160).
- Vasu, D., Singh, S.K., Tiwary, P.P., Butte, S. & Duraisami, V.P. (2015). Evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation suitability in Thimmajipet mandal, Mahabubnagar district. Andhra Pradesh Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(4), 1-6.
- Wood, W. W. (1976). Guidelines for collection and field analysis of ground-water samples for selected unstable constituents. USGS Techniques of Water-Resource Investigation. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 01-D2: 1-24.
- Yilmaz, M. A. & Avci. (2021). Irrigation water quality assessment for water resources used in irrigation of agricultural fields in Mezitli town of Mersin Province. International Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Research, 7(9), 62-68.
References
Ayers, R.S. & D.W. Westcot. (1976). Water Quality for Agriculture, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 29.
Ayers, R.S. & Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water Quality for Agriculture: FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 29.
Barnes, Ivan. (1964). Field measurement of alkalinity and pH. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 1525-H (pp: 1-17).
Bhardwaj, S., Khanna, D. R., Ruhela, M., Bhutiani, R., Bhardwaj, R., & Ahamad, F. (2020). Assessment of the soil quality of Haridwar Uttarakhand India: A comparative study. Environment Conservation Journal, 21(3), 155-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2020.21319
Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2019). A case study on changing pattern of agriculture and related factors at Najibabad region of Bijnor, India. Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation, 1, 236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0158-018
Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Ruhela, M. (2021). Effect of composition and depth of filter-bed on the efficiency of Sand-intermittent-filter treating the Industrial wastewater at Haridwar, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 88-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2421
Chintapalli, S.M., Raju., P.V., Hakeem, K.A. & Jonna, S. (2000). Satellite remote sensing and GIS technologies to aid sustainable management of Indian irrigation systems. In Proceedings of “International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,” Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 16th to 23rd July, 2000, XXXIII (B7): 264-271.
Diehl, H., Goetz, C.A. & Hach, C.C. (1950). The versenate titration for total hardness. Journal of American Water Works Association, 42(1): 40-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1950.tb18799.x
District census handbook – Mahabubnagar. (2011): Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. Series-29, pp: 1-600.
Etteieb, S., Cherif, S. & Tarhouni, J. (2017). Hydro-chemical assessment of water quality for irrigation: A case study of the Medjerda River in Tunisia. Applied Water Science, 7 (1), 469-480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0265-3
Hem, J.D. (1970). Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water. United States Geological Survey, Water Supply, 2nd edition, (pp: 1-1473).
Jackson, M.L. (1967): Soil Chemical Analysis. (eds.) Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Kelly, W.P. (1940). Permissible Composition and Concentration of Irrigated Waters. In Proceedings of “The American Society of Civil Engineers,” 66, 607-613.
Laloo, L., Chandrakantha, G. & Deshbhandari, P.G. (2020). Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation use in Kumadvati watershed, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 9 (5), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS050709
Madhusudhana, B.J. (2013): Ground water brochure, Mahabubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh. Central Groundwater Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, (pp: 1-29).
Mirabbasi, R., Mazloumzadeh, S. M. & Rahnama, M. B. (2008). Evaluation of irrigation water quality using fuzzy logic. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 340–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2008.340.352
Ramakrishnaiah, C.R., Adashiv, C. & Ranganna, G. (2009). Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 6, 523–530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/757424
Ramesh, K. & Elango, K. (2011) Groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and agricultural use in Tondiar river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environment Monitoring and Assessment, 11, 2231-2233.
Ranjit, M., Rao, K.J., Sridevi, S., Ramesh, S.T. & Bhave, M.H.V. (2017). Groundwater quality and fluoride contamination in Kalwakurthy Mandal of Mahabubnagr District, Telangana State, India. International Journal of Pure and applied Bioscience, 5(4), 1397-1405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5602
Ranjitha, A., Narasimha, A. & Saxena, P.R. (2018). Assessment of water quality for drinking and irrigation purpose in Alladurg mandal of Medak district, Telangana State, South India. In Proceedings of “5th National Conference on Water, Environment, and Society,” 399-404.
Ruhela, M., Singh, V. K., & Ahamad, F. (2021). Assessment of groundwater quality of two selected villages of Nawada district of Bihar using water quality index. Environment Conservation Journal, 22(3), 387-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.2021.22344
Srinivasulu, D., Eshwar Chandra., Sateesh Kumar., Rahul., Santhosh & Gayathri. (2016). Assessment of ground water quality: selected villages of Mahabubnagar mandal & district, Telangana State (India). International Journal of Science and Research, 5(5), 2369-2374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21275/v5i5.NOV163398
Statistical year book – Mahabubnagar. (2017): Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana, Hyderabad, (pp: 1-516).
Sundaraiah, R., Laxman Kumar, D., Vishnu Bhoopathi, Sakram, G., Srinivas, E. & Sudarshan. (2014). Assessing groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Kalwakurthy area, Mahabubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(3), 30-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/MARCH2014/10
Tiwari, R.N. (2011) Assessment of ground water quality and pollution potential of Jawa block, Reva district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Proceedings of “International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences,” 1, 202-212.
Tyagi, S., Dubey, R. C., Bhutiani, R., & Ahamad, F. (2020). Multivariate Statistical analysis of river ganga water at Rishikesh and Haridwar, India. Analytical Chemistry Letters, 10(2), 195-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2020.1756405
United States Salinity Laboratory (eds.) (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service. US Department of Agriculture Handbook, (pp: 60-160).
Vasu, D., Singh, S.K., Tiwary, P.P., Butte, S. & Duraisami, V.P. (2015). Evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation suitability in Thimmajipet mandal, Mahabubnagar district. Andhra Pradesh Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(4), 1-6.
Wood, W. W. (1976). Guidelines for collection and field analysis of ground-water samples for selected unstable constituents. USGS Techniques of Water-Resource Investigation. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 01-D2: 1-24.
Yilmaz, M. A. & Avci. (2021). Irrigation water quality assessment for water resources used in irrigation of agricultural fields in Mezitli town of Mersin Province. International Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Research, 7(9), 62-68.