Main Article Content
Abstract
In present study, the effect of Nigella sativa seeds extract on the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. The chicken PBMCs were stimulated with two different doses (125?g/ml; 250?g/ml) of Nigella sativa seeds extract and the cells were harvested at different time points till 48h post-stimulation for analysis of iNOS gene expression by quantitative PCR and nitric oxide (NO) estimation at 24 and 48h post-stimulation. High dose (250?g/ml) of Nigella sativa seed extract showed remarkable induction of iNOS transcripts expression and NO production at 48h post-stimulation, which were 12.8040±1.03347 folds and 5.7089±.64535µM respectively. The results indicated the immunostimulatory potential of the Nigella sativa seed extract on the chicken PBMCs.
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References
- Al Mahmud, H., Seo, H., Kim, S., Islam, M. I., Nam, K. W., Cho, H. D., & Song, H. Y. (2017). Thymoquinone (TQ) inhibits the replication of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and modulates nitric oxide production. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1786-0
- Bahrami, M., Ghazavi, A., Ganji, A., & Mosayebi, G. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Activity of S. Marianum and Nigella sativa Extracts on Macrophages. Reports of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 10(2), 288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52547/rbmb.10.2.288
- Bashir, K., Kappala, D., Singh, Y., Dar, J. A., Mariappan, A. K., Kumar, A., & Ramakrishnan, S. (2019). Combination of TLR2 and TLR3 agonists derepress infectious bursal disease virus vaccine-induced immunosuppression in the chicken. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44578-5
- Berzi, A., Varga, N., Sattin, S., Antonazzo, P., Biasin, M., Cetin, I., & Clerici, M. (2014). Pseudo-mannosylated DC-SIGN ligands as potential adjuvants for HIV vaccines. Viruses, 6(2), 391-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v6020391
- Boeglin, E., Smulski, C. R., Brun, S., Milosevic, S., Schneider, P. & Fournel, S. (2011). Toll-like receptor agonists synergize with CD40L to induce either proliferation or plasma cell differentiation of mouse B cells. PLoS One, 6(10), e25542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025542
- Carnagarin, R., Matthews, V., Zaldivia, M. T., Peter, K., & Schlaich, M. P. (2019). The bidirectional interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. British journal of pharmacology, 176(12), 1839-1852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14481
- Chen, S. M., Shen, H., Zhang, T., Huang, X., Liu, X. Q., Guo, S. Y., & An, M. M. (2017). Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemic Candida glabrata infection. Virulence, 8(8), 1643-1656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2017.1346756
- Darmawan, W., Farida, R., & Redjeki, S. (2019). The effect of nigella sativa (Black cumin) seed extract on Candida albicans viability. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 11, 88-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.199
- Elmowalid, G., Amar, A. M., & Ahmad, A. A. M. (2013). Nigella sativa seed extract: 1. Enhancement of sheep macrophage immune functions in vitro. Research in veterinary science, 95(2), 437-443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.02.015
- Gholamnezhad, Z., Rafatpanah, H., Sadeghnia, H. R., & Boskabady, M. H. (2015). Immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone on rat splenocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 86, 72-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.028
- Gordon, S. (2016). Phagocytosis: an immunobiologic process. Immunity, 44(3), 463-475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.026
- Hwang, J. R., Cartron, A. M., & Khachemoune, A. (2021). A review of Nigella sativa plant?based therapy in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15615
- Khan, J., Noboru, N., Young, A., & Thomas, D. (2017). Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6 and IL-10) in rat model of neuroma. Pathophysiology, 24(3), 155-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.04.001
- Kiboneka, A. (2021). Principals of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity to microbes & fundamental concepts in immunology. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 10(3), 188-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0271
- Kishik, S., Nagati, I., El Hayawan, I., Ali, I., Fawzy, M., & Ali, H. (2020). Efficacy of Nigella sativa oil and its chitosan loaded nanoparticles on experimental cystic echinoncoccosis with immunological assessment. Parasitologists United Journal, 13(3), 172-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/PUJ.2020.41053.1086
- Koshak, A. E., Yousif, N. M., Fiebich, B. L., Koshak, E. A., & Heinrich, M. (2018). Comparative immunomodulatory activity of Nigella sativa L. preparations on proinflammatory mediators: A focus on asthma. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 1075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01075
- Kuo, S. M., Chen, C. J., Chang, S. C., Liu, T. J., Chen, Y. H., Huang, S. Y., & Shih, S. R. (2017). Inhibition of avian influenza A virus replication in human cells by host restriction factor TUFM is correlated with autophagy. MBio, 8(3), e00481-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00481-17
- Manoharan, N., Jayamurali, D., Parasuraman, R., & Govindarajulu, S. N. (2021). Phytochemical composition, therapeutical and pharmacological potential of Nigella sativa: a review. Tradit Med Res, 6(4), 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20210118216
- Matsubara, K., Higaki, T., Matsubara, Y., & Nawa, A. (2015). Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. International journal of molecular sciences, 16(3), 4600-4614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16034600
- Mehkri, S., Chandrasagar, K., Ashok, G. and Bopanna, K.2021. Evaluation of In Vitro phagocytic property of macrophages in presence of Thymopure™ (Nigella Sativa) oil. International Journal of Biology Research, 6(2):18-21.
- Miliani, M., Nouar, M., Paris, O., Lefranc, G., Mennechet, F., & Aribi, M. (2018). Thymoquinone potently enhances the activities of classically activated macrophages pulsed with necrotic jurkat cell lysates and the production of antitumor Th1-/M1-related cytokines. Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, 38(12), 539-551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2018.0010
- Pfaffl, M. W. (2001). A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT–PCR. Nucleic acids research, 29(9), e45-e45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.9.e45
- Ren, D., Lin, D., Alim, A., Zheng, Q., & Yang, X. (2017). Chemical characterization of a novel polysaccharide ASKP-1 from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seed and its macrophage activation via MAPK, PI3k/Akt and NF-?B signaling pathways in RAW264. 7 cells. Food & function, 8(3), 1299-1312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO01699E
- Swamy, S. M. K., & Tan, B. K. H. (2000). Cytotoxic and immunopotentiating effects of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 70(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00241-4
- Tejero, J., Shiva, S., & Gladwin, M. T. (2019). Sources of vascular nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and their regulation. Physiological reviews, 99(1), 311-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00036.2017
- Tripathi, Y. B., Chaturvedi, A. P., & Pandey, N. (2012). Effect of Nigella sativa seeds extracts on iNOS through antioxidant potential only: crude/total extract as molecular therapy drug.
- Wang, L. X., Zhang, S. X., Wu, H. J., Rong, X. L., & Guo, J. (2019). M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases. Journal of leukocyte biology, 106(2), 345-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3RU1018-378RR
- Yimer, E. M., Tuem, K. B., Karim, A., Ur-Rehman, N., & Anwar, F. (2019). Nigella sativa L.(black cumin): a promising natural remedy for wide range of illnesses. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1528635
- Zhang, B., Gan, L., Shahid, M. S., Lv, Z., Fan, H., Liu, D., & Guo, Y. (2019). In vivo and in vitro protective effect of arginine against intestinal inflammatory response induced by Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 10(1), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0371-4
References
Al Mahmud, H., Seo, H., Kim, S., Islam, M. I., Nam, K. W., Cho, H. D., & Song, H. Y. (2017). Thymoquinone (TQ) inhibits the replication of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and modulates nitric oxide production. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1786-0
Bahrami, M., Ghazavi, A., Ganji, A., & Mosayebi, G. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Activity of S. Marianum and Nigella sativa Extracts on Macrophages. Reports of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 10(2), 288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52547/rbmb.10.2.288
Bashir, K., Kappala, D., Singh, Y., Dar, J. A., Mariappan, A. K., Kumar, A., & Ramakrishnan, S. (2019). Combination of TLR2 and TLR3 agonists derepress infectious bursal disease virus vaccine-induced immunosuppression in the chicken. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44578-5
Berzi, A., Varga, N., Sattin, S., Antonazzo, P., Biasin, M., Cetin, I., & Clerici, M. (2014). Pseudo-mannosylated DC-SIGN ligands as potential adjuvants for HIV vaccines. Viruses, 6(2), 391-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v6020391
Boeglin, E., Smulski, C. R., Brun, S., Milosevic, S., Schneider, P. & Fournel, S. (2011). Toll-like receptor agonists synergize with CD40L to induce either proliferation or plasma cell differentiation of mouse B cells. PLoS One, 6(10), e25542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025542
Carnagarin, R., Matthews, V., Zaldivia, M. T., Peter, K., & Schlaich, M. P. (2019). The bidirectional interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. British journal of pharmacology, 176(12), 1839-1852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14481
Chen, S. M., Shen, H., Zhang, T., Huang, X., Liu, X. Q., Guo, S. Y., & An, M. M. (2017). Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemic Candida glabrata infection. Virulence, 8(8), 1643-1656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2017.1346756
Darmawan, W., Farida, R., & Redjeki, S. (2019). The effect of nigella sativa (Black cumin) seed extract on Candida albicans viability. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 11, 88-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.199
Elmowalid, G., Amar, A. M., & Ahmad, A. A. M. (2013). Nigella sativa seed extract: 1. Enhancement of sheep macrophage immune functions in vitro. Research in veterinary science, 95(2), 437-443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.02.015
Gholamnezhad, Z., Rafatpanah, H., Sadeghnia, H. R., & Boskabady, M. H. (2015). Immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone on rat splenocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 86, 72-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.028
Gordon, S. (2016). Phagocytosis: an immunobiologic process. Immunity, 44(3), 463-475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.026
Hwang, J. R., Cartron, A. M., & Khachemoune, A. (2021). A review of Nigella sativa plant?based therapy in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15615
Khan, J., Noboru, N., Young, A., & Thomas, D. (2017). Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6 and IL-10) in rat model of neuroma. Pathophysiology, 24(3), 155-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.04.001
Kiboneka, A. (2021). Principals of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity to microbes & fundamental concepts in immunology. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 10(3), 188-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0271
Kishik, S., Nagati, I., El Hayawan, I., Ali, I., Fawzy, M., & Ali, H. (2020). Efficacy of Nigella sativa oil and its chitosan loaded nanoparticles on experimental cystic echinoncoccosis with immunological assessment. Parasitologists United Journal, 13(3), 172-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/PUJ.2020.41053.1086
Koshak, A. E., Yousif, N. M., Fiebich, B. L., Koshak, E. A., & Heinrich, M. (2018). Comparative immunomodulatory activity of Nigella sativa L. preparations on proinflammatory mediators: A focus on asthma. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 1075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01075
Kuo, S. M., Chen, C. J., Chang, S. C., Liu, T. J., Chen, Y. H., Huang, S. Y., & Shih, S. R. (2017). Inhibition of avian influenza A virus replication in human cells by host restriction factor TUFM is correlated with autophagy. MBio, 8(3), e00481-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00481-17
Manoharan, N., Jayamurali, D., Parasuraman, R., & Govindarajulu, S. N. (2021). Phytochemical composition, therapeutical and pharmacological potential of Nigella sativa: a review. Tradit Med Res, 6(4), 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20210118216
Matsubara, K., Higaki, T., Matsubara, Y., & Nawa, A. (2015). Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. International journal of molecular sciences, 16(3), 4600-4614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16034600
Mehkri, S., Chandrasagar, K., Ashok, G. and Bopanna, K.2021. Evaluation of In Vitro phagocytic property of macrophages in presence of Thymopure™ (Nigella Sativa) oil. International Journal of Biology Research, 6(2):18-21.
Miliani, M., Nouar, M., Paris, O., Lefranc, G., Mennechet, F., & Aribi, M. (2018). Thymoquinone potently enhances the activities of classically activated macrophages pulsed with necrotic jurkat cell lysates and the production of antitumor Th1-/M1-related cytokines. Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, 38(12), 539-551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2018.0010
Pfaffl, M. W. (2001). A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT–PCR. Nucleic acids research, 29(9), e45-e45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.9.e45
Ren, D., Lin, D., Alim, A., Zheng, Q., & Yang, X. (2017). Chemical characterization of a novel polysaccharide ASKP-1 from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seed and its macrophage activation via MAPK, PI3k/Akt and NF-?B signaling pathways in RAW264. 7 cells. Food & function, 8(3), 1299-1312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO01699E
Swamy, S. M. K., & Tan, B. K. H. (2000). Cytotoxic and immunopotentiating effects of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 70(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00241-4
Tejero, J., Shiva, S., & Gladwin, M. T. (2019). Sources of vascular nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and their regulation. Physiological reviews, 99(1), 311-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00036.2017
Tripathi, Y. B., Chaturvedi, A. P., & Pandey, N. (2012). Effect of Nigella sativa seeds extracts on iNOS through antioxidant potential only: crude/total extract as molecular therapy drug.
Wang, L. X., Zhang, S. X., Wu, H. J., Rong, X. L., & Guo, J. (2019). M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases. Journal of leukocyte biology, 106(2), 345-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3RU1018-378RR
Yimer, E. M., Tuem, K. B., Karim, A., Ur-Rehman, N., & Anwar, F. (2019). Nigella sativa L.(black cumin): a promising natural remedy for wide range of illnesses. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1528635
Zhang, B., Gan, L., Shahid, M. S., Lv, Z., Fan, H., Liu, D., & Guo, Y. (2019). In vivo and in vitro protective effect of arginine against intestinal inflammatory response induced by Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 10(1), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0371-4