Main Article Content
Abstract
Engineering properties of grass seeds are most important for the development of post-harvest mechanization and operations. Therefore engineering properties of fluffy as well as true seeds were determined in view of its important in development of post-harvest mechanization. The mean values of length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, thousands seed mass and bulk density of fluffy Deenanath grass seed were observed in the range of 5.23-7.17 mm, 2.10-3.44 mm, 1.17-2.49 mm, 3.07- 4.13 mm, 2.53- 3.69 mm, 41.01-60.13 %, 19.12-43.70 mm2, 3.70-18.24 mm3, 0.789-0.849 g and 7.41-7.89 kg/m3 respectively. However, for true seeds of Deenanath grass, the range of these values varied from 2.23-2.65 mm, 0.69-0.95 mm, 0.47-0.69 mm, 1.16-1.40 mm, 0.93-1.17 mm, 38.69-47.33 %, 2.67-4.31 mm2, 3.60-9.64 mm3, 0.468-0.488 g and 602.97-624.29 kg/m3 respectively moisture level of 9 % db. Determined properties of fluffy as well as true seeds of Deenanath would be utilized to develop threshing, cleaning, grading, seed storage and packaging operations and machineries.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2021 Environment Conservation Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- Arude, V. G., Deshmukh, S. P., Patil, P. G., & Shukla, S. K. (2018). Development of Spike Cylinder Type Single Locking Cotton Feeder cum Cleaner for Double Roller Gin. Agricultural Engineering Today, 42(1), 15-19.
- Association of Official Analytical Chemists, & Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (US). (1980). Official methods of analysis (Vol. 13).
- Aydin, C., & Konak, M. (2002). PH—Postharvest Technology: Some Physical Properties of Turkish Mahaleb. Biosystems Engineering, 82(2), 231-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/bioe.2002.0062
- Altunta?, E., Özgöz, E., & Ta?er, Ö. F. (2005). Some physical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) seeds. Journal of food engineering, 71(1), 37-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.015
- Akaaimo, D. I., & Raji, A. O. (2006). Some physical and engineering properties of Prosopis africana seed. Biosystems Engineering, 95(2), 197-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.06.005
- Dursun, E., & Dursun, I. (2005). Some physical properties of caper seed. Biosystems Engineering, 92(2), 237-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.06.003
- Gharibzahedi, S. M. T., Mousavi, S. M., Moayedi, A., Garavand, A. T., & Alizadeh, S. M. (2010). Moisture-dependent engineering properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 12(1).
- Kibar, H., Öztürk, T., & Temizel, K. E. (2014). Effective engineering properties in the design of storage structures of postharvest dry bean grain. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 36, 147-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v36i2.19394
- Maity, A., Vijay, D., Singh, S. K., & Gupta, C. K. (2017). Layered pelleting of seed with nutrient enriched soil enhances seed germination in Dinanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum). Range Management and Agroforestry, 38(1), 70-75.
- Maunde, F. A., Ali, M. A., El Okene, A., & Riji, B. B. (2007). Determination of physicomechanical properties of cowpeas to aid thresher design. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 18, pp. 159-164). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
- Maity, A., Vijay, D., Gupta, C. K., Singh, S. K., Wasnik, V. K., Manjunatha, N., & Ghosh, P. K. (2018). Polymer film coating mediated delivery of pesticide enhances germination, vigour and shelf life of cowpea seeds under biotic stress and natural ageing. Range Management and Agroforestry, 39(2), 215-223.
- Meena, S. S., & Nagar, R. P. (2019). Effect of pelleting material on seedling emergence and growth parameters in Cenchrus species. Range Management and Agroforestry, 40(2), 313-317.
- Malik, M. A., & Saini, C. S. (2016). Engineering properties of sunflower seed: Effect of dehulling and moisture content. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1).
- Munder, S., Argyropoulos, D., & Müller, J. (2017). Class-based physical properties of air-classified sunflower seeds and kernels. Biosystems Engineering, 164, 124-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.005
- Maity, A., Vijay, D., Singh, S. K., & Gupta, C. K. (2017). Layered pelleting of seed with nutrient enriched soil enhances seed germination in Dinanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum). Range Management and Agroforestry, 38(1), 70-75.
- Maunde, F. A., Ali, M. A., El Okene, A., & Riji, B. B. (2007). Determination of physicomechanical properties of cowpeas to aid thresher design. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 18, pp. 159-164). Trans Tech Publications Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.18-19.159
- Malik, M. A., & Saini, C. S. (2016). Engineering properties of sunflower seed: Effect of dehulling and moisture content. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1145783
- Malaviya, D. R., Kaushal, P., & Kumar, B. (2006). Differential response of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) morphotypes to shade under rainfed condition. Range Management and Agroforestry, 27(2), 70-76.
- Nalule, S. A. (2010). Social management of rangelands and settlement in Karamoja. Kampala: FAO.
- Nimkar, P. M., Mandwe, D. S., & Dudhe, R. M. (2005). Physical properties of moth gram. Biosystems Engineering, 91(2), 183-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.03.004
- Pandiselvam, R., Pragalyaashree, M. M., Kailappan, R., Thirupathi, V., & Krishnakumar, P. (2014). Moisture dependent engineering properties of onion seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 51(2), 36-43.
- Rajaiah, P., Mani, I., Parray, R. A., Lande, S. D., Kumar, A., & Vergese, C. (2020). Design and development of precision planter for Paddy direct seeding. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 57(4), 302-314.
- Singh, R. K., Vishwakarma, R. K., Visha, M. K., Goswami, D., & Mehta, R. S. (2016). Moisture dependent physical properties of dill. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 53 .33-40.
- Singh, S. K., Kautkar, S., Gurjar, B., Pathak, P. K., & Swami, S. (2020). Engineering properties of spikelets and true seeds of deenanath (Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.) grass. Range Management and Agroforestry, 41(2), 328-335.
- Sacilik, K., Öztürk, R., & Keskin, R. (2003). Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems engineering, 86(2), 191-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00130-2
- Solomon, W. K., & Zewdu, A. D. (2009). Moisture-dependent physical properties of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) seed. Industrial crops and products, 29(1), 165-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.04.018
- Ünal, H. G. (2009). Some physical and nutritional properties of hulled wheat. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 15(1), 58-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001073
- Vijay, D., Gupta, C. K., & Malaviya, D. R. (2018). Innovative technologies for quality seed production and vegetative multiplication in forage grasses. Current Science, 114(1), 148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i01/148-154
- Yalç?n, ?., & Özarslan, C. (2004). Physical properties of vetch seed. Biosystems Engineering, 88(4), 507-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.04.011
- Zhaoli, Y. (2004). ’Co-Management of Rangelands: An Approach for Enhanced Livelihood and Conservation. ICIMOD Newsletter, 45, 15-17.
- Zewdu, A. D. (2011). Moisture-dependent physical properties of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seeds. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 94(3), 278-284.
References
Arude, V. G., Deshmukh, S. P., Patil, P. G., & Shukla, S. K. (2018). Development of Spike Cylinder Type Single Locking Cotton Feeder cum Cleaner for Double Roller Gin. Agricultural Engineering Today, 42(1), 15-19.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, & Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (US). (1980). Official methods of analysis (Vol. 13).
Aydin, C., & Konak, M. (2002). PH—Postharvest Technology: Some Physical Properties of Turkish Mahaleb. Biosystems Engineering, 82(2), 231-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/bioe.2002.0062
Altunta?, E., Özgöz, E., & Ta?er, Ö. F. (2005). Some physical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) seeds. Journal of food engineering, 71(1), 37-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.015
Akaaimo, D. I., & Raji, A. O. (2006). Some physical and engineering properties of Prosopis africana seed. Biosystems Engineering, 95(2), 197-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.06.005
Dursun, E., & Dursun, I. (2005). Some physical properties of caper seed. Biosystems Engineering, 92(2), 237-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.06.003
Gharibzahedi, S. M. T., Mousavi, S. M., Moayedi, A., Garavand, A. T., & Alizadeh, S. M. (2010). Moisture-dependent engineering properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 12(1).
Kibar, H., Öztürk, T., & Temizel, K. E. (2014). Effective engineering properties in the design of storage structures of postharvest dry bean grain. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 36, 147-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v36i2.19394
Maity, A., Vijay, D., Singh, S. K., & Gupta, C. K. (2017). Layered pelleting of seed with nutrient enriched soil enhances seed germination in Dinanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum). Range Management and Agroforestry, 38(1), 70-75.
Maunde, F. A., Ali, M. A., El Okene, A., & Riji, B. B. (2007). Determination of physicomechanical properties of cowpeas to aid thresher design. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 18, pp. 159-164). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Maity, A., Vijay, D., Gupta, C. K., Singh, S. K., Wasnik, V. K., Manjunatha, N., & Ghosh, P. K. (2018). Polymer film coating mediated delivery of pesticide enhances germination, vigour and shelf life of cowpea seeds under biotic stress and natural ageing. Range Management and Agroforestry, 39(2), 215-223.
Meena, S. S., & Nagar, R. P. (2019). Effect of pelleting material on seedling emergence and growth parameters in Cenchrus species. Range Management and Agroforestry, 40(2), 313-317.
Malik, M. A., & Saini, C. S. (2016). Engineering properties of sunflower seed: Effect of dehulling and moisture content. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1).
Munder, S., Argyropoulos, D., & Müller, J. (2017). Class-based physical properties of air-classified sunflower seeds and kernels. Biosystems Engineering, 164, 124-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.005
Maity, A., Vijay, D., Singh, S. K., & Gupta, C. K. (2017). Layered pelleting of seed with nutrient enriched soil enhances seed germination in Dinanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum). Range Management and Agroforestry, 38(1), 70-75.
Maunde, F. A., Ali, M. A., El Okene, A., & Riji, B. B. (2007). Determination of physicomechanical properties of cowpeas to aid thresher design. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 18, pp. 159-164). Trans Tech Publications Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.18-19.159
Malik, M. A., & Saini, C. S. (2016). Engineering properties of sunflower seed: Effect of dehulling and moisture content. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1145783
Malaviya, D. R., Kaushal, P., & Kumar, B. (2006). Differential response of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) morphotypes to shade under rainfed condition. Range Management and Agroforestry, 27(2), 70-76.
Nalule, S. A. (2010). Social management of rangelands and settlement in Karamoja. Kampala: FAO.
Nimkar, P. M., Mandwe, D. S., & Dudhe, R. M. (2005). Physical properties of moth gram. Biosystems Engineering, 91(2), 183-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.03.004
Pandiselvam, R., Pragalyaashree, M. M., Kailappan, R., Thirupathi, V., & Krishnakumar, P. (2014). Moisture dependent engineering properties of onion seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 51(2), 36-43.
Rajaiah, P., Mani, I., Parray, R. A., Lande, S. D., Kumar, A., & Vergese, C. (2020). Design and development of precision planter for Paddy direct seeding. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 57(4), 302-314.
Singh, R. K., Vishwakarma, R. K., Visha, M. K., Goswami, D., & Mehta, R. S. (2016). Moisture dependent physical properties of dill. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 53 .33-40.
Singh, S. K., Kautkar, S., Gurjar, B., Pathak, P. K., & Swami, S. (2020). Engineering properties of spikelets and true seeds of deenanath (Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.) grass. Range Management and Agroforestry, 41(2), 328-335.
Sacilik, K., Öztürk, R., & Keskin, R. (2003). Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems engineering, 86(2), 191-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00130-2
Solomon, W. K., & Zewdu, A. D. (2009). Moisture-dependent physical properties of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) seed. Industrial crops and products, 29(1), 165-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.04.018
Ünal, H. G. (2009). Some physical and nutritional properties of hulled wheat. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 15(1), 58-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001073
Vijay, D., Gupta, C. K., & Malaviya, D. R. (2018). Innovative technologies for quality seed production and vegetative multiplication in forage grasses. Current Science, 114(1), 148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i01/148-154
Yalç?n, ?., & Özarslan, C. (2004). Physical properties of vetch seed. Biosystems Engineering, 88(4), 507-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.04.011
Zhaoli, Y. (2004). ’Co-Management of Rangelands: An Approach for Enhanced Livelihood and Conservation. ICIMOD Newsletter, 45, 15-17.
Zewdu, A. D. (2011). Moisture-dependent physical properties of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seeds. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 94(3), 278-284.