Main Article Content
Abstract
Floriculture has been associated with culture and heritage since very ancient time in our country. According to Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI), the waste generation rate in India is increasing at the rate of 1.0 -1.33 per cent annually. In most of the developing countries like India, the floral waste generation occurs largely during worships, festivals, ceremonies etc. from temples, mosque, flower market, flower exhibition and wedding halls find their way into the garbage as a waste causing various environmental problems. This paper discusses the use of solid state fermentation to convert floral wastes into a variety of value-added products like as compost, biogas, bioethanol, dyes, food products, biosurfactants production, incense sticks and handmade paper production etc. and floral waste can thus be converted into wealth.
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References
- Agarwal, S. (2011). Report on demonstration of renewable energy system at Shri Mahakaleshwar Temple Complex in Ujjain. Ministry of new and renewable energy, New Delhi, pp1–4.
- Echavarria-Alvarez, A. M., & Hormaza-Anaguano, A. (2014). Flower wastes as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of acid blue 9. Dyna, 81(185), 132-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v81n185.37234
- Eren, E., Gok, E. F., Seyhan, B. N., Maslakci, N. N., & Oksuz, A. U. (2015). Evaluation of anthocyanin, a rose residue extract, for use in dye-sensitized solar cell. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27(10), 3745-3748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18950
- Fourest, E., & Roux, J. C. (1992). Heavy metal biosorption by fungal mycelial by-products: mechanisms and influence of pH. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 37(3), 399-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211001
- Haq, N. B., Rubina, K., & Muhammad, A. H. (2011). Biosorption of Pb (II) and Co (II) on red rose waste biomass.
- Jadhao, N. U., & Rathod, S. P. (2013). The extraction process and antioxidant properties of patuletin dye from wasted temple French marigold flower. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences & Research, 3, 127-132.
- Jadhav, A. R., Chitanand, M. P., & Shete, H. G. (2013). Flower waste degradation using microbial consortium. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 3(5), 1-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0350104
- Jain, N. (2016). Waste management of temple floral offerings by vermicomposting and its effect on soil and plant growth. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research, 2(7), 89-94.
- Kumar, M., & Swapnavahini, K. (2012). Nutrient reduction and biogas production of rose residue by anaerobic digestion in a batch reactor. Int J Adv Res Sci Technol, 1(2), 125-129.
- Masure, P. S., & Patil, B. M. (2014). Extraction of W aste Flowers. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., 3, 43-44.
- Patel, H., & Madamwar, D. (2001). Single and multichamber fixed film anaerobic reactors for biomethanation of acidic petrochemical wastewater-systems performance. Process Biochemistry, 36(7), 613-619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00249-1
- Perumal, K., Moorthy, T. S., & Savitha, J. S. (2012). Characterization of essential oil from offered temple flower Rosa damascena Mill. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 3(2), 330-334.
- Prasad, (2014). Production and utilization of flower waste by anaerobic decomposition process. Project reference no.: 38s1468, SJB Institute of Technology, Bengaluru.
- Raja, A. S. M., Pareek, P. K., Shakyawar, D. B., Wani, S. A., Nehvi, F. A., & Sofi, A. H. (2012). Extraction of Nat-ural Dye from Saf-fron Flower Waste and its Applica-tion on Pashmina fabric.
- Ranjitha, J., & Vijayalakshmi, S. (2014). Production of bio-gas from flowers and vegetable wastes using anaerobic digestion.
- Sailaja, D., Srilakshmi, P., Shehanaaz, P. H., Bharathi, D. L., & Begum, A. (2013). Preparation of vermicompost from temple waste flower. Int J Sci Inno Discov, 3(3), 367-375.
- Seadon, J. K. (2010). Sustainable Waste Management Systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, (18), 1649-1651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.07.009
- Shouche, S., Pandey, A., & Bhati, P. (2011). Study about the changes in physical parameters during vermicomposting of floral wastes. Journal of environmental research and development, 6(1), 63-68.
- Siluvai, C., & Kirubagari, A. (2014). Fungal degradation of dry flower industrial waste and evaluation of dye level by HPLC. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 4(3), 40-50.
- Singh, A., Jain, A., Sarma, B. K., Abhilash, P. C., & Singh, H. B. (2013). Solid waste management of temple floral offerings by vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida. Waste management, 33(5), 1113-1118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.022
- Singh, P., & Bajpai, U. (2012). Anaerobic digestion of flower waste for methane production: an alternative energy source. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 31(4), 637-641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10589
- Slavov, A., Denev, P., Panchev, I., Shikov, V., Nenov, N., Yantcheva, N., & Vasileva, I. (2017). Combined recovery of polysaccharides and polyphenols from Rosa damascena wastes. Industrial Crops and Products, 100, 85-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.02.017
- Slavov, A., Kiyohara, H., & Yamada, H. (2013). Immunomodulating pectic polysaccharides from waste rose petals of Rosa damascena Mill. International journal of biological macromolecules, 59, 192-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.054
- Teli, M. D., Valia, S. P., & Kolambkar, D. (2013). Flower waste from temple for dyeing of cotton and cotton/silk. J Textile Assoc, 74(4), 210-214.
- Vankar, P. S. (2009). Utilization of Temple waste flower-Tagetus erecta for Dyeing of Cotton, Wool and Silk on Industrial scale. Journal of textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 6(1).
- Vankar, P. S., Sarswat, R., & Malik, D. S. (2010). Biosorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions onto natural dye waste of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 29(4), 421-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10423
- Waghmode, M. S., Gunjal, A. B., Nawani, N. N., & Patil, N. N. (2018). Management of floral waste by conversion to value-added products and their other applications. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 9(1), 33-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9763-2
- Wijayapala, S. (2013). Utilisation of Sepalika (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis) Flowers, a Temple Waste as a Source for a Potential Colouring Agent for Textile Substrates Used in the Textile Industry. In Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium (Vol. 18). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v18i0.1917
References
Agarwal, S. (2011). Report on demonstration of renewable energy system at Shri Mahakaleshwar Temple Complex in Ujjain. Ministry of new and renewable energy, New Delhi, pp1–4.
Echavarria-Alvarez, A. M., & Hormaza-Anaguano, A. (2014). Flower wastes as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of acid blue 9. Dyna, 81(185), 132-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v81n185.37234
Eren, E., Gok, E. F., Seyhan, B. N., Maslakci, N. N., & Oksuz, A. U. (2015). Evaluation of anthocyanin, a rose residue extract, for use in dye-sensitized solar cell. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27(10), 3745-3748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18950
Fourest, E., & Roux, J. C. (1992). Heavy metal biosorption by fungal mycelial by-products: mechanisms and influence of pH. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 37(3), 399-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211001
Haq, N. B., Rubina, K., & Muhammad, A. H. (2011). Biosorption of Pb (II) and Co (II) on red rose waste biomass.
Jadhao, N. U., & Rathod, S. P. (2013). The extraction process and antioxidant properties of patuletin dye from wasted temple French marigold flower. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences & Research, 3, 127-132.
Jadhav, A. R., Chitanand, M. P., & Shete, H. G. (2013). Flower waste degradation using microbial consortium. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 3(5), 1-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0350104
Jain, N. (2016). Waste management of temple floral offerings by vermicomposting and its effect on soil and plant growth. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research, 2(7), 89-94.
Kumar, M., & Swapnavahini, K. (2012). Nutrient reduction and biogas production of rose residue by anaerobic digestion in a batch reactor. Int J Adv Res Sci Technol, 1(2), 125-129.
Masure, P. S., & Patil, B. M. (2014). Extraction of W aste Flowers. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., 3, 43-44.
Patel, H., & Madamwar, D. (2001). Single and multichamber fixed film anaerobic reactors for biomethanation of acidic petrochemical wastewater-systems performance. Process Biochemistry, 36(7), 613-619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00249-1
Perumal, K., Moorthy, T. S., & Savitha, J. S. (2012). Characterization of essential oil from offered temple flower Rosa damascena Mill. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 3(2), 330-334.
Prasad, (2014). Production and utilization of flower waste by anaerobic decomposition process. Project reference no.: 38s1468, SJB Institute of Technology, Bengaluru.
Raja, A. S. M., Pareek, P. K., Shakyawar, D. B., Wani, S. A., Nehvi, F. A., & Sofi, A. H. (2012). Extraction of Nat-ural Dye from Saf-fron Flower Waste and its Applica-tion on Pashmina fabric.
Ranjitha, J., & Vijayalakshmi, S. (2014). Production of bio-gas from flowers and vegetable wastes using anaerobic digestion.
Sailaja, D., Srilakshmi, P., Shehanaaz, P. H., Bharathi, D. L., & Begum, A. (2013). Preparation of vermicompost from temple waste flower. Int J Sci Inno Discov, 3(3), 367-375.
Seadon, J. K. (2010). Sustainable Waste Management Systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, (18), 1649-1651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.07.009
Shouche, S., Pandey, A., & Bhati, P. (2011). Study about the changes in physical parameters during vermicomposting of floral wastes. Journal of environmental research and development, 6(1), 63-68.
Siluvai, C., & Kirubagari, A. (2014). Fungal degradation of dry flower industrial waste and evaluation of dye level by HPLC. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 4(3), 40-50.
Singh, A., Jain, A., Sarma, B. K., Abhilash, P. C., & Singh, H. B. (2013). Solid waste management of temple floral offerings by vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida. Waste management, 33(5), 1113-1118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.022
Singh, P., & Bajpai, U. (2012). Anaerobic digestion of flower waste for methane production: an alternative energy source. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 31(4), 637-641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10589
Slavov, A., Denev, P., Panchev, I., Shikov, V., Nenov, N., Yantcheva, N., & Vasileva, I. (2017). Combined recovery of polysaccharides and polyphenols from Rosa damascena wastes. Industrial Crops and Products, 100, 85-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.02.017
Slavov, A., Kiyohara, H., & Yamada, H. (2013). Immunomodulating pectic polysaccharides from waste rose petals of Rosa damascena Mill. International journal of biological macromolecules, 59, 192-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.054
Teli, M. D., Valia, S. P., & Kolambkar, D. (2013). Flower waste from temple for dyeing of cotton and cotton/silk. J Textile Assoc, 74(4), 210-214.
Vankar, P. S. (2009). Utilization of Temple waste flower-Tagetus erecta for Dyeing of Cotton, Wool and Silk on Industrial scale. Journal of textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 6(1).
Vankar, P. S., Sarswat, R., & Malik, D. S. (2010). Biosorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions onto natural dye waste of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 29(4), 421-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10423
Waghmode, M. S., Gunjal, A. B., Nawani, N. N., & Patil, N. N. (2018). Management of floral waste by conversion to value-added products and their other applications. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 9(1), 33-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9763-2
Wijayapala, S. (2013). Utilisation of Sepalika (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis) Flowers, a Temple Waste as a Source for a Potential Colouring Agent for Textile Substrates Used in the Textile Industry. In Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium (Vol. 18). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v18i0.1917