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Abstract
In present scenario of pollution and UV radiation, it is our urgent requirement to determine the baseline levels of mineral constituents in human beings. It causes major health problems in general population. This paper deals with quantitative determination of minerals in human hair. Biological samples were collected for environmental quality investigation randomly from male and female subjects of selected group aged from 5 year to 60 year of different social status. Sample collection and preparation were carried out using standard procedures. Levels of minerals (calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) were estimated using analytical methods. The levels of all the minerals studied and mean concentration of female hair were significantly higher. Significant levels of minerals in human hair samples indicate the type of exposure of male and female subjects
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References
- Abdulrahman F I, Akan J C, Chellube Z M and Waziri M, 2012. Levels of Heavy Metals in Human Hair and Nail Samples from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. World Environment, 2 (4): 81-89
- Agahian B, Lee J S, Nelson J H and Johns R E , 1990. Arsenic levels in fingernails as a biological indicator of exposure to arsenic. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 51 (12): 646-51
- Aharoni A, Tesler B, Paltieli Y, Tal J, Dori Z and Sharf M,1992. Hair chromium content of women 1992. Hair chromium content of women with gestational diabetes compared with nondiabetic pregnant women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55 (1): 104-7
- Arnold W and Sachs H, 1994. Hair analysis for medicaments – the best proof for a drug career, Freseniu. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 348: 484–489
- Buchancoca J, Vrlik M, Knizkova M, Mesco D and Holko, L 1993. Levels of selected element (Fe, As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn) in biological samples from ferrochromium workers. Bratisl Lek. Listy, Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied sciences, 94: 73-387
- Chakraborti D, Samanta G, Mandal B K, Chowdhury T R, Chanda C R, Biswas B K, Dhar R K, Basu K and Saha K C, 1998. Calcutta’s Industrial pollution: Ground water arsenic contamination in residual area sufferings of people due to industrial effluent discharge- An eight year study report. Curr. Sci. 74: 346-355
- Chaudhary Suman June 18, 2003, News Report: Times of India
- Chaudhary K, Ehmann W D, Rengan K and Markesbery W R, 1995. Trace element correlation with age and sex in human Fingernails. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 195 (1): 51-56
- Chen K L, Amarasiriwardena C J and Christiani D C, 1999. Determination of total arsenic concentrations in nails by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Biol Trace Elm Res, 67 (2): 109-25.
- Cumming and Kay,1956. Quantitative chemical analysis revised by Robert Alaxander, Chalmers, London, 111-112, 124-125, 332-334
- D’I l i o S, Violante N and Senefonte O, 2000. Occupational exposure of goldsmith workers of the area of Rome to potentially toxic metals as monitored through hair analysis. Microchemical Journal, 67: 343–349
- Das D, Chatterjee A, Mandal B K, Samanta G, Chakraborti D and Chanda B, 1995. Arsenic in ground water in six districts of West Bengal, India: the biggest arsenic calamity in the world. Part 2. Arsenic concentration in drinking water, hair, nails, urine, skin-scale and liver tissue (biopsy) of the affected people. Analyst, 120 (3): 917-24
- Dombovári J and Papp L, 1998. Comparison of sample preparation methods for elemental analysis of human hair. Microchemical Journal, 59: 187–193
- Dombovári J, Papp L and Uzonyi I, 1999. Study of cross-sectional and longitudinal distribution of some major and minor elements in the hair samples of haemodialysed patients with micro-PIXE. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 14: 553–557
- Egeland G M, Ponce R, Knecht R, Bloom N S, Fair J and Middaugh J P, 1999. Trace metals in ancient hair from the Karluk Archaeological Site, Kodiak, Alaska. Int J Circumpolar Health. 58 (1): 52-6
- Harrison W W and Tyree A B, 1971. The determination of trace elements in human fingernails by atomic absorption sprectroscopy. Clin Chim Acta, 31: 63-73
- Hira C K, Partal K and Dhillon K S, 2004. Dietary selenium intake by men and women in high and low selenium areas of Punjab. Public Health Nutr, 7 (1): 39-43
- Kaluza J, Jeruszka M and Brzozowska, 2001. Iron, zinc and copper status of elderly people living in Warsaw district determined by hair analysis. Roczniki Pañstwowego Zak adu Higieny, 52 :111–118
- Nowak B, 1993. Levels of heavy metals in biological tests (hair, teeth) as an indicator of environmental pollution, International conference – heavy metals in environment, Toronto, 2: 408-411
- Schlegel-Zawadzka M, 1992. Chromium content in the hair of children and students in southern Poland. Bio Trace Elem Res, 32 : 79-84
- Snell F D and Snell C T, 1967. The colorimetric methods of analysis including photometer method. D. Van. Nostrand company Inc.Princton, NewJersey, Toronto, London,4 217 3 :437-438
- Steinmaus C M, Nuñez S and Smith A H, 2000. Diet and bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of six dietary variables. Am J Epidemiol, 151 (7) : 693-702
- Subramanian R and Sukumar A, 1988. Biological reference materials and analysis of toxic elements. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie, 332 (6) :623-626
- Suhonen R P R and Dawber D H, 1999. Fungal infection of the skin, hair and nails, Martin Dunitz, London.
- Wang C Y, Zhou Y M and Yang W Z, 1995. Multielement ICP-AES analysis of hair samples and a chemometrics study for cancer diagnosis. Microchemical Journal, 51 : 5–14
- WHO 1994. Environmental Health Criteria 160: 2nd Edition, Report of International Programme on Chemical Safety
- Wilhelm M, Lombeck I and Ohnesorge F K,, 1994. Copper, lead and zinc concentrations in hair and toenails of young children and family members: a follow-up study. Sci Total Environ, 141(1-3) :275-80
- Zhunk L I and Kist A A, 1995. Human hair instrumental neutron activation analysis and medicine. Journal of Radio analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 195: 75–81
References
Abdulrahman F I, Akan J C, Chellube Z M and Waziri M, 2012. Levels of Heavy Metals in Human Hair and Nail Samples from Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. World Environment, 2 (4): 81-89
Agahian B, Lee J S, Nelson J H and Johns R E , 1990. Arsenic levels in fingernails as a biological indicator of exposure to arsenic. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 51 (12): 646-51
Aharoni A, Tesler B, Paltieli Y, Tal J, Dori Z and Sharf M,1992. Hair chromium content of women 1992. Hair chromium content of women with gestational diabetes compared with nondiabetic pregnant women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55 (1): 104-7
Arnold W and Sachs H, 1994. Hair analysis for medicaments – the best proof for a drug career, Freseniu. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 348: 484–489
Buchancoca J, Vrlik M, Knizkova M, Mesco D and Holko, L 1993. Levels of selected element (Fe, As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn) in biological samples from ferrochromium workers. Bratisl Lek. Listy, Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied sciences, 94: 73-387
Chakraborti D, Samanta G, Mandal B K, Chowdhury T R, Chanda C R, Biswas B K, Dhar R K, Basu K and Saha K C, 1998. Calcutta’s Industrial pollution: Ground water arsenic contamination in residual area sufferings of people due to industrial effluent discharge- An eight year study report. Curr. Sci. 74: 346-355
Chaudhary Suman June 18, 2003, News Report: Times of India
Chaudhary K, Ehmann W D, Rengan K and Markesbery W R, 1995. Trace element correlation with age and sex in human Fingernails. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 195 (1): 51-56
Chen K L, Amarasiriwardena C J and Christiani D C, 1999. Determination of total arsenic concentrations in nails by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Biol Trace Elm Res, 67 (2): 109-25.
Cumming and Kay,1956. Quantitative chemical analysis revised by Robert Alaxander, Chalmers, London, 111-112, 124-125, 332-334
D’I l i o S, Violante N and Senefonte O, 2000. Occupational exposure of goldsmith workers of the area of Rome to potentially toxic metals as monitored through hair analysis. Microchemical Journal, 67: 343–349
Das D, Chatterjee A, Mandal B K, Samanta G, Chakraborti D and Chanda B, 1995. Arsenic in ground water in six districts of West Bengal, India: the biggest arsenic calamity in the world. Part 2. Arsenic concentration in drinking water, hair, nails, urine, skin-scale and liver tissue (biopsy) of the affected people. Analyst, 120 (3): 917-24
Dombovári J and Papp L, 1998. Comparison of sample preparation methods for elemental analysis of human hair. Microchemical Journal, 59: 187–193
Dombovári J, Papp L and Uzonyi I, 1999. Study of cross-sectional and longitudinal distribution of some major and minor elements in the hair samples of haemodialysed patients with micro-PIXE. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 14: 553–557
Egeland G M, Ponce R, Knecht R, Bloom N S, Fair J and Middaugh J P, 1999. Trace metals in ancient hair from the Karluk Archaeological Site, Kodiak, Alaska. Int J Circumpolar Health. 58 (1): 52-6
Harrison W W and Tyree A B, 1971. The determination of trace elements in human fingernails by atomic absorption sprectroscopy. Clin Chim Acta, 31: 63-73
Hira C K, Partal K and Dhillon K S, 2004. Dietary selenium intake by men and women in high and low selenium areas of Punjab. Public Health Nutr, 7 (1): 39-43
Kaluza J, Jeruszka M and Brzozowska, 2001. Iron, zinc and copper status of elderly people living in Warsaw district determined by hair analysis. Roczniki Pañstwowego Zak adu Higieny, 52 :111–118
Nowak B, 1993. Levels of heavy metals in biological tests (hair, teeth) as an indicator of environmental pollution, International conference – heavy metals in environment, Toronto, 2: 408-411
Schlegel-Zawadzka M, 1992. Chromium content in the hair of children and students in southern Poland. Bio Trace Elem Res, 32 : 79-84
Snell F D and Snell C T, 1967. The colorimetric methods of analysis including photometer method. D. Van. Nostrand company Inc.Princton, NewJersey, Toronto, London,4 217 3 :437-438
Steinmaus C M, Nuñez S and Smith A H, 2000. Diet and bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of six dietary variables. Am J Epidemiol, 151 (7) : 693-702
Subramanian R and Sukumar A, 1988. Biological reference materials and analysis of toxic elements. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie, 332 (6) :623-626
Suhonen R P R and Dawber D H, 1999. Fungal infection of the skin, hair and nails, Martin Dunitz, London.
Wang C Y, Zhou Y M and Yang W Z, 1995. Multielement ICP-AES analysis of hair samples and a chemometrics study for cancer diagnosis. Microchemical Journal, 51 : 5–14
WHO 1994. Environmental Health Criteria 160: 2nd Edition, Report of International Programme on Chemical Safety
Wilhelm M, Lombeck I and Ohnesorge F K,, 1994. Copper, lead and zinc concentrations in hair and toenails of young children and family members: a follow-up study. Sci Total Environ, 141(1-3) :275-80
Zhunk L I and Kist A A, 1995. Human hair instrumental neutron activation analysis and medicine. Journal of Radio analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 195: 75–81