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Abstract
Water is essential to life, but many people do not have access to clean and safe drinking water and many die of waterborne microbial infections. Mycological studies and physico-chemical parameters are an important criterion for evaluating the suitability of water for various purposes. In this study, we tried to assess the fungal species richness and physico-chemical status of fish pond in Paniyala in Haridwar district of Uttarakhand to predict the state of this pond. A total of four species were recorded which include Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Penicillium Spp. and Fusarium Spp. Present study revealed that among fungal species, Aspergillus flavus was reported with higher in number 7.44±3.45 (ml-1x103) and Fusarium Spp.was recorded with minimum number of 5.15±2.06 (ml-1x103). The total species diversity was higher in the month of April (39.80 ml1x103. The water samples were also analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, conductivity, DO, BOD, Free CO2, calcium and magnesium. Higher value of temperature, pH, BOD, Free CO2 and lower values of dissolved oxygen concentration were recorded and the results revealed deteriorated water quality. The fungal population showed positive significant correlation with physico-chemical parameters like, temperature, pH, biological oxygen demand, calcium and magnesium whereas negatively correlated with conductivity and dissolved oxygen.
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References
- APHA 1998. Standard methodS for the Examination of water and waste water. 18th edition American Public Health Association, Washington. DC.
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References
APHA 1998. Standard methodS for the Examination of water and waste water. 18th edition American Public Health Association, Washington. DC.
Dallas H.F. and Day J.A. 2004. The effect of water quality variables on aquatic ecosystems: a review. Report No. TT 224/04. Water Research Commission. Pretoria, South Africa.
DWAF - (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) 1996a. South African water quality guidelines. Volume 1: Domestic use. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Pretoria, South Africa.
Gillooly J.F., Charnov E.L., West G.B., Savage V.M. and Brown J.H. 2002. Effects of size and temperature on developmental time. Nature ,417:70-73.
Khanna, D. R. and Chugh, T. 2004. Microbial Ecology: A study of River Ganga, Discovery publishing house, New Delhi. 1-277.
Khanna, D.R. and Bhutiani, R. 2003.Limnological characteristic of the river Ganga at Haridwar (Uttaranchal), U.P.J.Zool., Vol. 23(3): 179-183.
Okpokwasili, G.C.and Akujobi, T.C. 1996. Bacteriological indicators of tropical water quality. Environ. Tax. Water Qual. Int. J.,11: 77–81.
Pipes,W.O. 1981. Bacterial indicators of pollution. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, p. 242.
Schindler D.W. 1981. Interrelationships between the cycles of elements in freshwater ecosystems: some perspectives of the major biogeochemical cycles. In: Perspectives of the major biogeochemical cycles. Likens G.E. (ed). New York, USA, Chapter 7, pp 113-123.
Trivedy, R. K. and P. K. Goel 1986. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. Environmental Publications. Karad, 1- 250.
Welch, P.S. 1948.Limnological Methods, the Blakiston. Co. Philadelphia, 1-381.