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Abstract
The present study is an attempt for treatment of aquaculture wastewater from indoor facilities such as hatcheries etc through integrated process. which comprises an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) packed with coconut coir fibre as bacterial support medium and an aerobic cascading step to aerate the effluent coming out of the anaerobic baffled reactor. The maximum COD removal obtained in coconut coir packed ABR was 96 % while in the control, it was 65 %. The maximumTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogenremoval in coconut coir packed ABR was 95 % while in the control ABR the removal was 61 %. The maximum percentage ammonia removal obtained in coconut coir packed ABR was 97 % while in the control ABR 95 % of ammonia removal was achieved. Therefore the study concludes that the process significantly reduces the nutrient load in the wastewater making it suitable for release into natural water bodies or for recirculation.
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References
- Anderson.G.K., B. Kasapgil and Ince O. 1994. Comparison of porous and non porous media in upflow anaerobic filters when treating dairy wastewater, Water Research.,28 (7):1619-1624.
- Bachmann.A., V.L. Beard and P.I. McCarty. 1985. “Performance characteristics of the anaerobic baffled reactor,Water Research, 19(1): 99-106.
- Barber W.P. and D.C. Stuckey. 1999.The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for wastewater treatment: A review, Water Research,33(7):1559-1578.
- Barber W.P. and D.C. Stuckey. 2000. Nitrogen removal in a modified anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR): 2, nitrification Water Research. 34: 2423-2432.
- Barrett, M. J., A. L. H. Gameson, and C. G. Ogden 1960. Aeration studies at four weir systems. Water and Water Engineering (British) 64:407 .
- Bodik.I., K. Kratochvil, E. Gasparikova and M. Hutnan. 2002. Nitrogen removal in an anaerobic baffled reactor with aerobic post-treatment. Bioresource Technology, 86:79-84.
- Boopathy, R. 1998 “Biological treatment of swine waste using anaerobic baffled reactors”, Bioresoure Technology, Vol.64:1-6.
- Dama P., J. Bell, K.M. Foxon, C.J. Brouckaert, H.T. Buckley, V. Naidoo and D.Stuckey. 2001, Pilot-scale study of an anaerobic baffled reactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater, Proceedings. IWA Conference on Water and Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 29-31.
- Koottatep, T., Wanasen, S., Morel, A., Schertenleib, R. 2004. Potential of the anaerobic baffled reactor as decentralized wastewater treatment system in the tropics. EAWAG, Department for water and sanitation in developing countries (SANDEC), Switzerland.
- Krishnani, K.K., V. Kathiravan, M. Natarajan, M. Kailasam and S. M. Pillai. 2010, Diversity of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in Greenwater System of Coastal Aquaculture, Applied Biochemistry Biotechnology.
- Manoj, V.R., Vasudevan. N. 2009. Functional Options for Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture in India, Reviews in Fisheries Sciences, 17, 3, 336-347.
- Metcalf and Eddy. 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, Fourth edition, McGraw-Hills INDIA, ISBN: 0-07-041878-0.
- Nachaiyasit, S. and Stuckey, D.C.1997. The effect of shock loads on the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), 2. Step and transient hydraulic shocks at constant feed strength. Water Research. Vol.31: 2737-2747.
- Naylor, R. L. Goldburg R.J. and Primavera J.H.2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplied, Nature, Vol. 409, No.29.
- Paredes D., P. Kuschk, T. S. A. Mbwette, F. Stange, R. A. Müller and H. Köser. 2007. New Aspects of Microbial Nitrogen Transformations in the Context of Wastewater Treatment – A Review,Eng. Life Sci. 7(1): 13-25.
- Schreier H.J., N. Mirzoyan and K. Saito. 2010. Microbial diversity of biological filters in recirculating aquaculture systems, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 21(3):318-25.
- Srinath E.G. and R.C. Loehr.1974. Ammonia Desorption by diffused aeration, Journal of Water pollution control federation. 46(8):1939-1957.
- Sudarno U., Stephan Bathe, Josef Winter and Claudia Galler. 2010, Nitrification in fixed-bed reactors treating saline wastewater Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 85: 2017-2030.
- Suzuki Y., T. Maruyamaa, H. Numata, H. Sato and M. Asakawa. 2003: Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission. Aquaculture Engineering 29:165-182.
- Treece, G.D. 2002. Shrimp farm effluents. In: Stickney R.R. and McVey J.P. (eds), Responsible Marine Aquaculture, CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
- Xing J., R. Boopathy and A. Tilche 1991. Model evaluation of hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor treating molasses wastewater. Biomass Bioenergy 1(5) 267-274.
- Zachritz W.H. and Jacquez, R.B.1993, Treating intensive aquaculture recycled water with a constructed wetlands filter system,In: Moshiri, G.A. (Ed.), Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement. Lewis Publishers,Boca Raton, 609-613.
References
Anderson.G.K., B. Kasapgil and Ince O. 1994. Comparison of porous and non porous media in upflow anaerobic filters when treating dairy wastewater, Water Research.,28 (7):1619-1624.
Bachmann.A., V.L. Beard and P.I. McCarty. 1985. “Performance characteristics of the anaerobic baffled reactor,Water Research, 19(1): 99-106.
Barber W.P. and D.C. Stuckey. 1999.The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for wastewater treatment: A review, Water Research,33(7):1559-1578.
Barber W.P. and D.C. Stuckey. 2000. Nitrogen removal in a modified anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR): 2, nitrification Water Research. 34: 2423-2432.
Barrett, M. J., A. L. H. Gameson, and C. G. Ogden 1960. Aeration studies at four weir systems. Water and Water Engineering (British) 64:407 .
Bodik.I., K. Kratochvil, E. Gasparikova and M. Hutnan. 2002. Nitrogen removal in an anaerobic baffled reactor with aerobic post-treatment. Bioresource Technology, 86:79-84.
Boopathy, R. 1998 “Biological treatment of swine waste using anaerobic baffled reactors”, Bioresoure Technology, Vol.64:1-6.
Dama P., J. Bell, K.M. Foxon, C.J. Brouckaert, H.T. Buckley, V. Naidoo and D.Stuckey. 2001, Pilot-scale study of an anaerobic baffled reactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater, Proceedings. IWA Conference on Water and Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 29-31.
Koottatep, T., Wanasen, S., Morel, A., Schertenleib, R. 2004. Potential of the anaerobic baffled reactor as decentralized wastewater treatment system in the tropics. EAWAG, Department for water and sanitation in developing countries (SANDEC), Switzerland.
Krishnani, K.K., V. Kathiravan, M. Natarajan, M. Kailasam and S. M. Pillai. 2010, Diversity of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in Greenwater System of Coastal Aquaculture, Applied Biochemistry Biotechnology.
Manoj, V.R., Vasudevan. N. 2009. Functional Options for Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture in India, Reviews in Fisheries Sciences, 17, 3, 336-347.
Metcalf and Eddy. 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, Fourth edition, McGraw-Hills INDIA, ISBN: 0-07-041878-0.
Nachaiyasit, S. and Stuckey, D.C.1997. The effect of shock loads on the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), 2. Step and transient hydraulic shocks at constant feed strength. Water Research. Vol.31: 2737-2747.
Naylor, R. L. Goldburg R.J. and Primavera J.H.2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplied, Nature, Vol. 409, No.29.
Paredes D., P. Kuschk, T. S. A. Mbwette, F. Stange, R. A. Müller and H. Köser. 2007. New Aspects of Microbial Nitrogen Transformations in the Context of Wastewater Treatment – A Review,Eng. Life Sci. 7(1): 13-25.
Schreier H.J., N. Mirzoyan and K. Saito. 2010. Microbial diversity of biological filters in recirculating aquaculture systems, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 21(3):318-25.
Srinath E.G. and R.C. Loehr.1974. Ammonia Desorption by diffused aeration, Journal of Water pollution control federation. 46(8):1939-1957.
Sudarno U., Stephan Bathe, Josef Winter and Claudia Galler. 2010, Nitrification in fixed-bed reactors treating saline wastewater Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 85: 2017-2030.
Suzuki Y., T. Maruyamaa, H. Numata, H. Sato and M. Asakawa. 2003: Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission. Aquaculture Engineering 29:165-182.
Treece, G.D. 2002. Shrimp farm effluents. In: Stickney R.R. and McVey J.P. (eds), Responsible Marine Aquaculture, CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Xing J., R. Boopathy and A. Tilche 1991. Model evaluation of hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor treating molasses wastewater. Biomass Bioenergy 1(5) 267-274.
Zachritz W.H. and Jacquez, R.B.1993, Treating intensive aquaculture recycled water with a constructed wetlands filter system,In: Moshiri, G.A. (Ed.), Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement. Lewis Publishers,Boca Raton, 609-613.