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Abstract
Water quality is an index of health and well being of a society. The pollution of water bodies is one of the areas of major concern to environment. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Jhajjar rivulet of J&K. The study has been carried out by taking water samples at three different sites of the rivulet i.e. site 1, site 2 and site3. During the study, the physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, colour, total hardness, BOD, COD, DO, TDS and TSS in the water samples were studied. In microbiological examination, the presence of coliform in the water samples were studied. It has been observed that there was a pollution load mostly at site 3 and slightly at site 2, it may be due to the release of huge quantities of sewage, effluent and manmade activities at the respective sites but the water from all the sites was found free from microbial contamination. It was concluded that water at site 1 is suitable for drinking as compared to site 2 and site 3 of the rivulet.
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References
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- Kulkarni R.R., Sharma, R.N. and Burkari, M. 2002. Diurnal variations of physico-chemical aspects of pollution in Khushavati River at Quepem, Goa.. Aqua. Bioi., 17: 27-28.
- Mehta, Vijay 1999. Eco-physiology and conservation of Kala Talav. Ph.D. Thesis., Uni. - Mumbai.
- Mitra, A.K. 1982. Chemical characters of surface water at a selected gauging station in the river Godavari ,Krishna and Tungbhadra. Ind. J. Environ. Hlth., 24 (2): 165 - 179.
- Raina V., Shah A.R. and Shakto A.R. 1984. Pollution studies on water quality. Indian J. Environ. Hlth. 26(3): 187-201.
- Sharma, S. Vishwakarma, R. Dixit S and Jain, P. 2011. Evaluation of water quality of Narmada river with reference to Physico-chemical parameters at Hoshangabad city, M.P. India. Res. J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 1(3): 14.
- Shukla Ramesh 1994. Pollution load through heavy metals and organo chlorines in the river Ganga, India INTELCOL, Manchester.
- Trivedy, R.K. And Geol, P.K. 1986. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental publications, Karad, India.
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References
APHA, AWWA and WEF. 1998. Standards Methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th edition, American Public, Health Association, American Water Work Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington, DC 2005-2605.
Bhatt S.D, Yashodhara B and Negi U. 1985. Hydrology and phytoplankton populations in river Koshi of western Himalaya (U.P.), Ind.Jr.Eco. 12(1): 141-146.
Chakraborty, P. and Asthana, A. 1984. Planktonic succession and ecology of a sewage treated pond in W. Bengal. Environ and E. Co. 7 (3): 549 - 554.
Deshmukh, J.U. Ambore, N.E. and Pulle, J.S. 2006. BOD variations in Godavari river at Nanded city due to impact of industrial pollution. Ecol. Env. Cons.12(3): pp.533-534.
Hal,l Gem. 1998. Relative contamination levels observed in different typed of bottles used to collect water samples. Explore
Khanna, D.R. and Bhutiani, R. 2003. Limnological status of Satikund Pond at Haridwar (U.A.) Indian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 7(2): 131-136.
Khanna, D.R. and Bhutiani, R. 2004. Water analysis at a glance, ASEA publication, Rishikesh.
Kulkarni R.R., Sharma, R.N. and Burkari, M. 2002. Diurnal variations of physico-chemical aspects of pollution in Khushavati River at Quepem, Goa.. Aqua. Bioi., 17: 27-28.
Mehta, Vijay 1999. Eco-physiology and conservation of Kala Talav. Ph.D. Thesis., Uni. - Mumbai.
Mitra, A.K. 1982. Chemical characters of surface water at a selected gauging station in the river Godavari ,Krishna and Tungbhadra. Ind. J. Environ. Hlth., 24 (2): 165 - 179.
Raina V., Shah A.R. and Shakto A.R. 1984. Pollution studies on water quality. Indian J. Environ. Hlth. 26(3): 187-201.
Sharma, S. Vishwakarma, R. Dixit S and Jain, P. 2011. Evaluation of water quality of Narmada river with reference to Physico-chemical parameters at Hoshangabad city, M.P. India. Res. J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 1(3): 14.
Shukla Ramesh 1994. Pollution load through heavy metals and organo chlorines in the river Ganga, India INTELCOL, Manchester.
Trivedy, R.K. And Geol, P.K. 1986. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental publications, Karad, India.
Yadav, A.K. and Bhushan, I. 2012. Physico-chemical studies of water quality in Banganga (Small River) of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, J & K, Environment Conservation Journal, 13(3): 61-63.