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Abstract
The Mehsana district located in North Gujarat has experienced a growing concern because of itsrecent association with Fluoride toxicity in the form of endemic dental and skeletal fluorosis. The extensive agricultural consumption of groundwater in the area has led to the depletion of its quality. Therefore the present study was aimed to evaluate the groundwater quality, by checking its suitability for drinking water purpose and finding out major contaminants in the area. To fulfill the pupose of study water samples from 60 villages were collected and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters including major cations and anions and were statistically analysed. Geochemical evaluation was also performed using Pipers diagram. 53% samples were moderately hard, 30% samples were exceeding permissible limit of alkalinity while 45% samples have high fluoride content. The hydro-geochemical faces shows that water of kheralutaluka is dominated by alkaline earth metals (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and the major types of water are of Ca-Cl-HCO3, Ca-HCO3-Cl and Na-HCO3-Cl rest all other samples have mix faces.
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References
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- Piper AM 1994. A graphical procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. Am Geophys Union Trans 25:914–928
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- Sami, K. 1992. Recharge mechanisms and geochemical processes in a semi-arid sedimentary basin, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Hydrology, 139(1), 27-48.
- Sanchez-Pérez, J. M., &Trémolières, M. 2003. Change in groundwater chemistry as a consequence of suppression of floods: the case of the Rhine floodplain. Journal of Hydrology, 270: 89-104.
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- Sharma, M. R. 2004. Assessment of ground water quality of Hamirpur area in Himachal Pradesh. Pollution Research, 23:131-134.
- Srivastava, S. K. 2007. Groundwater quality in parts of Uttarakhand Groundwater 2007. In Proc. National Seminar on Agri. Dev. and Rural Drinking Water (Vol. 2, pp. 305-312).Davis, S. N., & Dewiest, R. J. (1900). Hydrogeology (No. 463pp).
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References
A.P.H.A. - A.W.W.A. - W.P.C.F. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (20thEd.). Washington, DC
Acharya, G. D., Hathi, M. V., Patel, A. D., &Parmar, K. C. 2008. Chemical Properties of Groundwater in BhilodaTaluka Region, North Gujarat, India Journal of Chemistry, 5:792-796.
BIS., Specifications for Drinking Water, IS: 10500: 1991, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India, 1991.
Brunt, R., Vasak, L. and Griffioen, J. 2004. Fluoride in groundwater: probability of occurrence of excessive concentration on global scale. IGRAC.
Chinoy, N. J., Sheth, F. J. and Multani, A. S. 1994. Sister chromatid exchanges: A study in fluorotic individuals of North Gujarat. Fluoride, 27:215-219
Dutta, J., Nath, M., Chetia, M., and Misra, A. K. 2010. Monitoring of fluoride concentration in ground water of small tea gardens in Sonitpur district, Assam, India: correlation with physico-chemical parameters.Int J Chem Tech Res CODEN USA, 2:1028-1199.
Davis, S.N., DeWiest, R.J. 1966. Hydrogeology. Wiley, NewYork
Dhiman, S. D., and Keshari, A. K. 2006.Hydrogeochemical evaluation of high-fluoride groundwaters: a case study from Mehsana District, Gujarat, India. Hydrological sciences, 51:1149-1162.
Gupta, S. K., Deshpande, R. D., Agarwal, M., and Raval, B. R; 2005. Origin of high fluoride in groundwater in the North Gujarat-Cambay region, India.Hydrogeology, 13: 596-605.
Kori R., Saxena A. and Upadhayay N. 2006. Groundwater quality Assessment of Mandideep Industrial area. National Serminar on Environmental & Development, Bhopal, 155.
Kumar, N. 2011. Variation of fluoride and correlation with alkalinity in groundwater of shallow and deep aquifers. Int J Environ Sci, 1(5), 884-890.
Ozsvath, D. L. 2009. Fluoride and environmental health: a review. Reviews in Environmental Science and BioTechnology, 8(1), 59-79.
Patel, P. and Bhatt, S. A. 2007. Fluoride: a major polluting component of ground water in North Gujarat region, India. In Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12th World Lake Conference (Vol. 245, p. 249).
Piper AM 1994. A graphical procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. Am Geophys Union Trans 25:914–928
Rabinove C. J., Long Ford, R. H. and BrookHart, J. W.; 1958. ‘Saline water resource of North Dakota, U.S.’, Geol. Sur. Water Supply Paper 1428, 72.
Reddy A. G. S., Kumar K. N., Rao S.D. and Rao S.S.; 2009. Assessment of nitrate contamination due to ground water pollution in north eastern part of Anantapur district, A.P. India.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 148: 463-476.
Sami, K. 1992. Recharge mechanisms and geochemical processes in a semi-arid sedimentary basin, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Hydrology, 139(1), 27-48.
Sanchez-Pérez, J. M., &Trémolières, M. 2003. Change in groundwater chemistry as a consequence of suppression of floods: the case of the Rhine floodplain. Journal of Hydrology, 270: 89-104.
Sawyer GN, McMcartly DL, and Parkin G.F. 2003. Chemistry for environmental engineering and science, 5th ednedn. McGraw Hill, New York, p 752
Sharma, M. R. 2004. Assessment of ground water quality of Hamirpur area in Himachal Pradesh. Pollution Research, 23:131-134.
Srivastava, S. K. 2007. Groundwater quality in parts of Uttarakhand Groundwater 2007. In Proc. National Seminar on Agri. Dev. and Rural Drinking Water (Vol. 2, pp. 305-312).Davis, S. N., & Dewiest, R. J. (1900). Hydrogeology (No. 463pp).
WHO 2004. Guidelines for drinking water quality, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva