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Abstract
India has the unique distinction of being only country producing all the five commercially traded varieties of natural silk namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga, Temperate tasar and Tropical tasar. The silk produced by Philosama ricini is called Eri silk. Eri silk is known as Non Violence silk or Piece silk. It is also said to be Poor Person’s silk. The Eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) is multivoltine, holometabolus, non-mulberry, completely domesticated and feed on castor (Ricinus communis) leaves.We observed the effect of different seasons on rearing performance of Eri silkworm in respect of different larval parameters (larval weight, larval length, ERR% and pupation) and cocoon parameter (cocoon weight, pupae weight, shell weight & shell %). Our findings clearly indicated that the rearing performance of Eri silkworm was better in spring season than winter and autumn season of Ujjain district M.P.
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References
- Anonymous 1984. A few guidelines to Eri Silkworm Rearing. Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central silk Board Titabar, Assam, pp. 6
- Anonymous 1994. Package of practices for higher yields.Univ.Agric.Sci.and State Dept.agric, Bangalore, p.98.
- Choudhary S.N. 1982. Eri silk industry, Published by Directorate of Sericulture and weaving Government of Assam.pp.16-25.
- Biswas N. and P.K. Das.2001. Effect of food plants species on rearing performance of Eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini DONOVAN ). Bull. Ind. Acad . Seri. 5
- Basavarajappa, S. Haque,Band Savanurmath,C.J.1996 Effect of seasonal variation on the survival percentage and cocoon yield in some breeds of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. J. Asiatic Bangladesh, Sci.22(2);131-136.
- Ganga G. and SulochanaChetty 1995 - An introduction to sericulture handbook.
- Gangwar S.K.2011.Screening of region and season specific Bivoltine silkworm (bombyxmori Linn.) hybrid breeds of West Bengal in spring and summer season of Uttar Pradesh climatic condition.International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences,Volume :1
- Ghosh,B.,Chattopadhyay,S.Rao,P.R.,T.Das, S.K.Roy, G.C.Sen S.K.and Sinha S.S. 1993. Analysis of quantitative tracks of multivoltinesilkworm, Bombyx mori L.(Lepidoptera; bombycidae) in varied environments Uttar Pradesh. J. Zool.; 13(1); 47-51.
- GohainR.andR.Borua 1983.Effect of temperature and humidity on development survival and oviposition in laboratory populations of Eriworm,(Boisduval) (Lepidoptera saturniidae) Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 91 issue 2 July 1983,pages 87-93.
- Gupta,B.K.Sinha,A.K. and Das B.C.1992 Studies on egg yielding capacity of different races of silkworm, Bombyx moriL.Gobios;18(4)173-176
- Hajarika U .,Barah A. ,Phukan J.D., and Benchamin K.V. 2003 Studies on the effect of different food plants and seasons on the larval development and cocoon characters of Eri silkworm Samia Cynthia ricini Boisduval.Bull.,Ind.Acad.Seri.7(1)
- Hajarika U., Benchamin K.V.,Barah A. and Phukon J.C.D.,2000. Studies on the effect of different food plants and seasons on the larval development Eri silkworm Samia Cynthia riciniBoisduval.Abst.of seminar on Sericulture research and development in muga and eri.8-9 November .p.8.
- Jaiswal, K., Gangwar, S.K. and Rajesh Kumar 2006.Comparative study on rearing performance of different eco-race of eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) in monsoon season of Uttar Pradesh. In: Proceeding of National seminar on prospects and problem of sericulture as an economic enterprise in North- West India.2006 ,Dehradun, India, 483-485
- JaiswalK..et al.,2008 Rearing performance of ErisilkwormPhilosamia ricini in monsoon season of Lucknow .National Journal of life science ,5(2)pp.251-253.
- JayaPrakash,P.,B.V.S.Rao,K.VenkateshwarRao,J.V.KrishnaRao and B.R.R.P.Sinha 2003 Reintroduction of eri culture in Andhra Pradesh; Hopes galore. Indian Silk,19-20.
- Jayaprakash,P.A.Sasikala and N.Suryanarayana 2005 Ericulture- A tool for rural women development in Andhra Pradesh,India.Conference Papers (3.18) In:The 20th Congress of the International Sericultural Commission,Bangalore,106-109
- Joshi,K. L.,1985.Studies on growth index for Eri Silkworm Philosamia ricini Hutt. (Lepidoptera;saturniidae). Sericologia, 25 (3);313-319.
- Khawaja, 1989, Comparative studies on the prospect of rearing silkworm Bombyx mori L.,during the autumn and spring season at Faisalabad. M,sc..(Hons.) Thesis.Entomol.,Univ.Agric F aisalabad , Pakistan.
- Krishna Rao,J. V 2003. Large scale development of Ericulture in India. Indian Silk, 42(1) ; 27-29.
- KrishnaswamiS.M,N. Narsimhanan and S.K,Suryanarayana 1973 Sericulture Manual 2 Silkworm Rearing.FAOAgric.Serv. Bull. Rome.15 1-131.
- KshamaGiridhar, Mathanta, J.C. and Deole, A.L. 2007 Raw silk production.Indian Silk, 46 (6): 43-44.
- Mubashar Hussain, Shakil Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-Ul-Mohsin 2011. Effect of relative humidity on factors of seed cocoon production in some inbred silk worm (Bombyx mori) Lines.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology.,Vol.13.No.1, 57-60
- Muthukrishnan and T.J.Pandian 1987.Relationship between feeding and egg population in some insects. Proc., Indian Acad. Sci (Anim .Sci).96; 171-179.
- Pandey Priyanka , Tripathi S.P., Shrivastav V.M.S. 2006. effect of ecological factors on larval duration of Bombyxmorilinn. Journal of ecophysiology&Occupation Health Vol.6 Issue 3&4
- Pandey Priyanka and S.P..Tripathi, 2008. Effect of humidity in the survival and weight of Bombyx mori L. larvae Malays. Appl. Biol. 37:37-39.
- Prakash K.S. ,R.N. Prasad; C.V.N.Ravikishore; M.RamaRao;J.V.KrishanaRao and R.P.Khanna 2003 Eri culture-An additional source of income for tapioca farmers .Indian Silk, 41 (12)29-30
- Priti Pragyan Ray, T. V. Rao and Purushattam Dash 2010 Performance of promising ecoraces of eri (Philosamia ricini) in agroclimatic conditions of western Odisha The bioscon 5 (2): 201-205
- Rajesh kumar and S. K. Gangwar 2010 Impact of varietal feeding on samiaricinidonovain spring and autumn season of Uttarpradesh Journal of agricultural and biological science vol. 5, no. 3,
- Rajesh Kumar and VadamalaiElangovan 2010 Rearing Performance of Eri Silkworm Philosamia ricini in monsoon Season of Uttar Pradesh Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci., Vol 1(2) : 303 – 310
- Rama Rao, M., R. N. Prasad, and N.Suryanarayana 2005 Ericulture-An additional income for tapioca (cassava)grower and a good nourishment to the mal-nutritioned tribal populace.Conference Papers (3.16 )In; The 20th Congress of the International Sericulture Commission, Bangalore 94-98
- Reddy, D.N.R., Kotikal, Y.K. and Vijayendra, M., 1998, Development and silk Yield of Eri silkworm Samiacynthi aricini (Lepidoptera; Saturnidae) as influenced by the food plants. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 23: 506-508
- Sarkar, D.C. 1988 Ericulture in India .Central silk board, Publ. Bangalore, India P .28.
- Saratchandra, B.2003 A thought for development of eri culture in India. .Indian silk vol 41 :25-28.
- Selvakumar, T., Leela Devi, Mallikarjuna 2008 A new device to maintain rearing temperature and humidity. Indian silk, vol.47: 611-14
- Singh,B.K. and ,Das,P.K 2006. Prospects and problems for development of Eri culture in Non-traditional states In; Proceeding of Regional seminar on Prospects & problem of sericulture as an economic enterprise in North West India 2006,Dehradun ,312-315.
References
Anonymous 1984. A few guidelines to Eri Silkworm Rearing. Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central silk Board Titabar, Assam, pp. 6
Anonymous 1994. Package of practices for higher yields.Univ.Agric.Sci.and State Dept.agric, Bangalore, p.98.
Choudhary S.N. 1982. Eri silk industry, Published by Directorate of Sericulture and weaving Government of Assam.pp.16-25.
Biswas N. and P.K. Das.2001. Effect of food plants species on rearing performance of Eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini DONOVAN ). Bull. Ind. Acad . Seri. 5
Basavarajappa, S. Haque,Band Savanurmath,C.J.1996 Effect of seasonal variation on the survival percentage and cocoon yield in some breeds of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. J. Asiatic Bangladesh, Sci.22(2);131-136.
Ganga G. and SulochanaChetty 1995 - An introduction to sericulture handbook.
Gangwar S.K.2011.Screening of region and season specific Bivoltine silkworm (bombyxmori Linn.) hybrid breeds of West Bengal in spring and summer season of Uttar Pradesh climatic condition.International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences,Volume :1
Ghosh,B.,Chattopadhyay,S.Rao,P.R.,T.Das, S.K.Roy, G.C.Sen S.K.and Sinha S.S. 1993. Analysis of quantitative tracks of multivoltinesilkworm, Bombyx mori L.(Lepidoptera; bombycidae) in varied environments Uttar Pradesh. J. Zool.; 13(1); 47-51.
GohainR.andR.Borua 1983.Effect of temperature and humidity on development survival and oviposition in laboratory populations of Eriworm,(Boisduval) (Lepidoptera saturniidae) Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 91 issue 2 July 1983,pages 87-93.
Gupta,B.K.Sinha,A.K. and Das B.C.1992 Studies on egg yielding capacity of different races of silkworm, Bombyx moriL.Gobios;18(4)173-176
Hajarika U .,Barah A. ,Phukan J.D., and Benchamin K.V. 2003 Studies on the effect of different food plants and seasons on the larval development and cocoon characters of Eri silkworm Samia Cynthia ricini Boisduval.Bull.,Ind.Acad.Seri.7(1)
Hajarika U., Benchamin K.V.,Barah A. and Phukon J.C.D.,2000. Studies on the effect of different food plants and seasons on the larval development Eri silkworm Samia Cynthia riciniBoisduval.Abst.of seminar on Sericulture research and development in muga and eri.8-9 November .p.8.
Jaiswal, K., Gangwar, S.K. and Rajesh Kumar 2006.Comparative study on rearing performance of different eco-race of eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) in monsoon season of Uttar Pradesh. In: Proceeding of National seminar on prospects and problem of sericulture as an economic enterprise in North- West India.2006 ,Dehradun, India, 483-485
JaiswalK..et al.,2008 Rearing performance of ErisilkwormPhilosamia ricini in monsoon season of Lucknow .National Journal of life science ,5(2)pp.251-253.
JayaPrakash,P.,B.V.S.Rao,K.VenkateshwarRao,J.V.KrishnaRao and B.R.R.P.Sinha 2003 Reintroduction of eri culture in Andhra Pradesh; Hopes galore. Indian Silk,19-20.
Jayaprakash,P.A.Sasikala and N.Suryanarayana 2005 Ericulture- A tool for rural women development in Andhra Pradesh,India.Conference Papers (3.18) In:The 20th Congress of the International Sericultural Commission,Bangalore,106-109
Joshi,K. L.,1985.Studies on growth index for Eri Silkworm Philosamia ricini Hutt. (Lepidoptera;saturniidae). Sericologia, 25 (3);313-319.
Khawaja, 1989, Comparative studies on the prospect of rearing silkworm Bombyx mori L.,during the autumn and spring season at Faisalabad. M,sc..(Hons.) Thesis.Entomol.,Univ.Agric F aisalabad , Pakistan.
Krishna Rao,J. V 2003. Large scale development of Ericulture in India. Indian Silk, 42(1) ; 27-29.
KrishnaswamiS.M,N. Narsimhanan and S.K,Suryanarayana 1973 Sericulture Manual 2 Silkworm Rearing.FAOAgric.Serv. Bull. Rome.15 1-131.
KshamaGiridhar, Mathanta, J.C. and Deole, A.L. 2007 Raw silk production.Indian Silk, 46 (6): 43-44.
Mubashar Hussain, Shakil Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-Ul-Mohsin 2011. Effect of relative humidity on factors of seed cocoon production in some inbred silk worm (Bombyx mori) Lines.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology.,Vol.13.No.1, 57-60
Muthukrishnan and T.J.Pandian 1987.Relationship between feeding and egg population in some insects. Proc., Indian Acad. Sci (Anim .Sci).96; 171-179.
Pandey Priyanka , Tripathi S.P., Shrivastav V.M.S. 2006. effect of ecological factors on larval duration of Bombyxmorilinn. Journal of ecophysiology&Occupation Health Vol.6 Issue 3&4
Pandey Priyanka and S.P..Tripathi, 2008. Effect of humidity in the survival and weight of Bombyx mori L. larvae Malays. Appl. Biol. 37:37-39.
Prakash K.S. ,R.N. Prasad; C.V.N.Ravikishore; M.RamaRao;J.V.KrishanaRao and R.P.Khanna 2003 Eri culture-An additional source of income for tapioca farmers .Indian Silk, 41 (12)29-30
Priti Pragyan Ray, T. V. Rao and Purushattam Dash 2010 Performance of promising ecoraces of eri (Philosamia ricini) in agroclimatic conditions of western Odisha The bioscon 5 (2): 201-205
Rajesh kumar and S. K. Gangwar 2010 Impact of varietal feeding on samiaricinidonovain spring and autumn season of Uttarpradesh Journal of agricultural and biological science vol. 5, no. 3,
Rajesh Kumar and VadamalaiElangovan 2010 Rearing Performance of Eri Silkworm Philosamia ricini in monsoon Season of Uttar Pradesh Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci., Vol 1(2) : 303 – 310
Rama Rao, M., R. N. Prasad, and N.Suryanarayana 2005 Ericulture-An additional income for tapioca (cassava)grower and a good nourishment to the mal-nutritioned tribal populace.Conference Papers (3.16 )In; The 20th Congress of the International Sericulture Commission, Bangalore 94-98
Reddy, D.N.R., Kotikal, Y.K. and Vijayendra, M., 1998, Development and silk Yield of Eri silkworm Samiacynthi aricini (Lepidoptera; Saturnidae) as influenced by the food plants. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 23: 506-508
Sarkar, D.C. 1988 Ericulture in India .Central silk board, Publ. Bangalore, India P .28.
Saratchandra, B.2003 A thought for development of eri culture in India. .Indian silk vol 41 :25-28.
Selvakumar, T., Leela Devi, Mallikarjuna 2008 A new device to maintain rearing temperature and humidity. Indian silk, vol.47: 611-14
Singh,B.K. and ,Das,P.K 2006. Prospects and problems for development of Eri culture in Non-traditional states In; Proceeding of Regional seminar on Prospects & problem of sericulture as an economic enterprise in North West India 2006,Dehradun ,312-315.