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Abstract
The present study was undertaken with an objective to determine the impact of climatic variables on the population of Trichoderma sp. in the rhizosphere of black pepper. Rhizosphere soil samples were obtained from pepper plantation at a monthly interval for one year. Trichoderma sp. population were assessed at monthly interval along with weather parameters from July, 2015 to June,2016. The number of Trichoderma sp. were maximum in July and lowest in June. The correlation between weather parameters on the population of Trichoderma sp. revealed that the population increased with an increase in rainfall and relative humidity, whereas it decreased by an increase in temperature. The results of the present studies showed that climatic variables affect the population of Trichoderma sp. in the rhizosphere of black pepper. However, further studies are needed to confirm it.
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References
- Anandaraj, M. 2000. Diseased of black pepper. In P.N. Ravindram (Ed.). Black Pepper-Piper nigrum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles. Harwood Academic Publishers, Netherlands. p. 239-267
- Chepsergon, J., Mwamburi, L., Kassim, M.K., 2014. Mechanism of drought tolerance in plants using Trichoderma spp. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3:1592–1595.
- Donoso, E. P., Bustamante, R. O., Caru, M. and Niemeyer, H. M., 2008. Water deficit as a driver of the mutualistic relationship between the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and two wheat genotype. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(5):1412-1417.
- Eastburn, D.M., and Butler, E.E., 1991. Effect of soil moisture and temperature on the saprophytic ability of Trichoderma harzianum. Mycologia, 83(3):257–263.
- Griffiths, B. S., Ritz, K., Bardgett, R. D., Cook, R., Christensen, S., Ekelund, F., Sorensen, S. J., Baath, E., Bloem, J., DeRuiter, P. C., Dolfing, J. and Nicolardot, B., 2000. Ecosystem response of pasture soil communities to fumigation- induced microbial diversity reductions: an examination of the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. Oikos , 90: 279-294.
- Gupta, V. and Sharma, A. K., 2013. Assessment of optimum temperature of Trichoderma harzianum by monitoring radial growth and population dynamics in different compost manures under different temperature. Octa journal of biosciences, 1(2): 151-157.
- Kale, G.J., Rewale, K.A., Sahane, S.P. and Magar, S.J., 2018. Isolation of Trichoderma spp. from the rhizospheric soils of tomato crop grown in Marathwada region. Journal of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, 7(3): 3360-3362
- Lumsden, R.D., Lewis, J.A., Fravel, D.R., 1995. Formulation and delivery of biocontrol agents for use against soil borne plant pathogens. In ‘Biorational Pest Control
- Agents’. (Eds FR Hall, JW Barry) pp. 166–182. (American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, USA
- Papavizas, G.C., 1985. Trichoderma and Gliocladium: biology, ecology and potential for biocontrol. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 23: 23–54.
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- Rao, G. S. L. H. V. P.(ed.) 2011. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture and Allied Sectors. Scientific Publishers (India).Jodhpur-342 001. p. 103.
- Rita Noverizaa, and Tricita, H. and Quimiob, 2004. Soil mycoflora of black pepper rhizosphere in the Philippines and their in vitro antagonism against Phytophthora capsici L. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1):1-10
- Singh,A., Mohammad Shahid, Mukesh Srivastava, Sonika Pandey, Antima Sharma and Vipul Kumar,2014. Optimal physical parameters for growth of Trichoderma species at varying pH, temperature and agitation. Virology and Mycology, 3:1
- Umoh, A, A, Akpan A O, and Jacob, B B. 2013. Rainfall and relative humidity occurrence patterns in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, South- South Nigeria. IOSR journal of engineering, 3 (8): 27-31.
- Wakelin, S.A., Sivasithamparam, K., cole, A. L. J and Skipp, R. A ., 1999. Saprophytic growth in soil of a strain of Trichoderma koningii. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 42:3, 337-345. DOI: 10.1080/00288233.1999.9513383
- Wong, P. T. W., Mead, B. A. J. A. and CroftC. M. C., 2002. Effect of temperature, moisture, soil type and Trichoderma species on the survival of Fusarium pseudograminearum in wheat straw. Australasian Plant Pathology, 31: 253–257.
References
Anandaraj, M. 2000. Diseased of black pepper. In P.N. Ravindram (Ed.). Black Pepper-Piper nigrum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles. Harwood Academic Publishers, Netherlands. p. 239-267
Chepsergon, J., Mwamburi, L., Kassim, M.K., 2014. Mechanism of drought tolerance in plants using Trichoderma spp. International Journal of Scientific Research, 3:1592–1595.
Donoso, E. P., Bustamante, R. O., Caru, M. and Niemeyer, H. M., 2008. Water deficit as a driver of the mutualistic relationship between the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and two wheat genotype. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(5):1412-1417.
Eastburn, D.M., and Butler, E.E., 1991. Effect of soil moisture and temperature on the saprophytic ability of Trichoderma harzianum. Mycologia, 83(3):257–263.
Griffiths, B. S., Ritz, K., Bardgett, R. D., Cook, R., Christensen, S., Ekelund, F., Sorensen, S. J., Baath, E., Bloem, J., DeRuiter, P. C., Dolfing, J. and Nicolardot, B., 2000. Ecosystem response of pasture soil communities to fumigation- induced microbial diversity reductions: an examination of the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. Oikos , 90: 279-294.
Gupta, V. and Sharma, A. K., 2013. Assessment of optimum temperature of Trichoderma harzianum by monitoring radial growth and population dynamics in different compost manures under different temperature. Octa journal of biosciences, 1(2): 151-157.
Kale, G.J., Rewale, K.A., Sahane, S.P. and Magar, S.J., 2018. Isolation of Trichoderma spp. from the rhizospheric soils of tomato crop grown in Marathwada region. Journal of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, 7(3): 3360-3362
Lumsden, R.D., Lewis, J.A., Fravel, D.R., 1995. Formulation and delivery of biocontrol agents for use against soil borne plant pathogens. In ‘Biorational Pest Control
Agents’. (Eds FR Hall, JW Barry) pp. 166–182. (American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, USA
Papavizas, G.C., 1985. Trichoderma and Gliocladium: biology, ecology and potential for biocontrol. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 23: 23–54.
Rao, G. S. L. H. V. P. (ed.) 2003. Agricultural Meteorology. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, India, p. 326.
Rao, G. S. L. H. V. P.(ed.) 2011. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture and Allied Sectors. Scientific Publishers (India).Jodhpur-342 001. p. 103.
Rita Noverizaa, and Tricita, H. and Quimiob, 2004. Soil mycoflora of black pepper rhizosphere in the Philippines and their in vitro antagonism against Phytophthora capsici L. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1):1-10
Singh,A., Mohammad Shahid, Mukesh Srivastava, Sonika Pandey, Antima Sharma and Vipul Kumar,2014. Optimal physical parameters for growth of Trichoderma species at varying pH, temperature and agitation. Virology and Mycology, 3:1
Umoh, A, A, Akpan A O, and Jacob, B B. 2013. Rainfall and relative humidity occurrence patterns in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, South- South Nigeria. IOSR journal of engineering, 3 (8): 27-31.
Wakelin, S.A., Sivasithamparam, K., cole, A. L. J and Skipp, R. A ., 1999. Saprophytic growth in soil of a strain of Trichoderma koningii. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 42:3, 337-345. DOI: 10.1080/00288233.1999.9513383
Wong, P. T. W., Mead, B. A. J. A. and CroftC. M. C., 2002. Effect of temperature, moisture, soil type and Trichoderma species on the survival of Fusarium pseudograminearum in wheat straw. Australasian Plant Pathology, 31: 253–257.