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Abstract
With the rapid growth of industrialization, water pollution has increased tremendously. The inadequate wastewater management seriously affects the environment; phytoremediation provides a low cost alternative for the waste management. Most of the waste water discharged into water bodies, disturbs the ecological balance and deteriorates the water quality. Phytoremediation provides the low cost eco-friendly method for the wastewater treatment. These are frequently in use by the large scale organisations for the treatment of the wastewater of choice. These artificial wastewater treatment systems consisting of macrophytes are dependent upon various processes like microbial, biological, physical and chemical process for the treatment of the effluent. For the current study free floating aquatic macrophytes Lemna sp. and Eichorniasp. were used to treat the effluents from dairy factory, the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of dairy effluent were reduced significantly after treatment with phytoremediation experiments.
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References
- American Public Health Association (APHA) 2012Standard Me-thods for Estimation of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Water Works Association, Water environment Federation, Washington.
- Belyea R.L., Williams J.E., Gieseka L., Clevenger T.E. and J.R. Brown, 1990. Evaluation of Dairy waste water solids as a feed Ingredient.Journal of Dairy Science, 73 (7): 1864-1871.
- Britz T.J., Van Schalkwyk C., Hung Y., 2006. Treatment of dairy processing wastewaters, Waste Treatment on the food processing Industry, 1-28.
- Dipu S, Anju A, Kumar V and SalomGnanaThanga 2011. “Phytoremediation of Dairy Effluent by Constructed Wetland Technology Using Wetland Macrophytes” The Environmentalist 31(3): 263-278
- Carawan Roy E., Jones. V.A. and A.P. Hanseen, 1979. Waste water characterization in a Multiproduct Dairy. Journal of Dairy Science, 62 (8): 1243-1251.
- Gottschall N, Boutin C. and Crolla A.,Kinsley C. and Champagne P, 2007. The role ofplants in the removal of nutrients at aconstructed wetland treating agricultural (dairy) wastewater, Ontario, CanadaEcological Engineering, 29 (2): 154-163.
- Omil F., Garrido, J. and M. Debowski, 2007. Biodegradability evaluation of dairy effluents originated in selected section of dairy production. Bioresource Tech., 99: 4199-4205.
- Monroy H.O., Vazquezz M., Derramadero J.C. and J.P. Guyot, 1995. Anerobic-aerobic treatment of Dairy waste water with national technology in Maxico: the case of “El Sanz”, 3rd international symposium on waste management problems in Agro-industries, Mexico city, 4-6 October, 202-209.
- Sooknah, R.D., and Wilkie, A.C.2004. “Nutrient removal by floating aquatic macrophytes cultured in anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure wastewater”, Ecological Engineering, 22(1),27-42.
- Strydom, J.P., Mostert, J.F., Britz, T.J. 1995. Anaerobic treatment of a synthetic dairy effluent using a hybrid digester.Water 21 (2), 125–130.
- Thompson T.G. and George E., 1998.Waste management issues for dairy process state of Wisconsin / Department of Natural Resources 1-10.
- Tripathi, B.D. and A.R. Upadhyay, 2003.“Dairy effluent polishing by aquatic macrophytes”, Water Air Soil Pollut., 143: 127-133.
- Vymazal J., 2009.The use constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater, Ecological Engineering, 35(1): 1-17.
References
American Public Health Association (APHA) 2012Standard Me-thods for Estimation of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Water Works Association, Water environment Federation, Washington.
Belyea R.L., Williams J.E., Gieseka L., Clevenger T.E. and J.R. Brown, 1990. Evaluation of Dairy waste water solids as a feed Ingredient.Journal of Dairy Science, 73 (7): 1864-1871.
Britz T.J., Van Schalkwyk C., Hung Y., 2006. Treatment of dairy processing wastewaters, Waste Treatment on the food processing Industry, 1-28.
Dipu S, Anju A, Kumar V and SalomGnanaThanga 2011. “Phytoremediation of Dairy Effluent by Constructed Wetland Technology Using Wetland Macrophytes” The Environmentalist 31(3): 263-278
Carawan Roy E., Jones. V.A. and A.P. Hanseen, 1979. Waste water characterization in a Multiproduct Dairy. Journal of Dairy Science, 62 (8): 1243-1251.
Gottschall N, Boutin C. and Crolla A.,Kinsley C. and Champagne P, 2007. The role ofplants in the removal of nutrients at aconstructed wetland treating agricultural (dairy) wastewater, Ontario, CanadaEcological Engineering, 29 (2): 154-163.
Omil F., Garrido, J. and M. Debowski, 2007. Biodegradability evaluation of dairy effluents originated in selected section of dairy production. Bioresource Tech., 99: 4199-4205.
Monroy H.O., Vazquezz M., Derramadero J.C. and J.P. Guyot, 1995. Anerobic-aerobic treatment of Dairy waste water with national technology in Maxico: the case of “El Sanz”, 3rd international symposium on waste management problems in Agro-industries, Mexico city, 4-6 October, 202-209.
Sooknah, R.D., and Wilkie, A.C.2004. “Nutrient removal by floating aquatic macrophytes cultured in anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure wastewater”, Ecological Engineering, 22(1),27-42.
Strydom, J.P., Mostert, J.F., Britz, T.J. 1995. Anaerobic treatment of a synthetic dairy effluent using a hybrid digester.Water 21 (2), 125–130.
Thompson T.G. and George E., 1998.Waste management issues for dairy process state of Wisconsin / Department of Natural Resources 1-10.
Tripathi, B.D. and A.R. Upadhyay, 2003.“Dairy effluent polishing by aquatic macrophytes”, Water Air Soil Pollut., 143: 127-133.
Vymazal J., 2009.The use constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater, Ecological Engineering, 35(1): 1-17.