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Abstract
Ground water quality plays an important role in promoting agricultural production and standard of human health and the sources and causes of ground water pollution are closely associated with human use of water. For many years ground water was thought to be protected from contamination by the layers of rocks and soil that acts as a filter, but contaminants do make their way into the ground water and affect its quality. The present paper deals with the assessment of seasonal variation in ground water and its suitability for drinking purpose. For this purpose major ions were assessed and Water Quality index was calculated for both pre monsoon and post monsoon season. A comparison of ground water quality in relation to drinking water quality standards proves that the ground water quality was altered with respect to parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+ and TH showcased higher levels. Similarly WQI calculated for both the seasons ranged to fall in poor to unsuitable category. From the above results it is clear that the ground water of the study area is deteriorated due to paper industry effluents, use of agricultural fertilizers and the local geology and is found unsatisfactory for drinking purpose.
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References
- APHA, AWWA and WEF, 1998 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water 20th Edn., APHA, Washington, DC.
- Bamakanta, G., Sunakar, P., Satyabhama, T and UpendraPrasad, T., 2013 Seasonal variation of Nagavali River water quality at the vicinity of paper mill near Jaykaypur, Odisha, India. International Research Journal of Environmental Science Vol.2, No.5, pp 46-52.
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- Ramakrishnaiah, C.R., Sadashivaiah, C., and Ranganna, G., 2009. Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, Indian Electronic Journal of Chemistry Vol.6, No.2, pp 523-530.
- Sinha, A.K., Saxena, S., and Saxena, R., 2004. Water quality index for Ram Ganga river water at Moradabad, Pollution Research 23, pp 527-531
- Srinivas, Ch., Ravi Shankar, P., Venkateshwar, C., SatyanarayanaRao, M.S., and RavinderReddy, R., 2000 Studies on groundwater quality of Hyderabad, Pollution Research Vol.19, No.2, pp 285-289.
- Tripaty, J.K., Sahu, K.C., 2005. Seasonal Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in the Barrier Spit System of the Chilika Lagoon, India, Journal of Environmental Hydrology No.13 pp 1-9.
- Vinod Kumar, Chopra, A.K., Sandeep Kumar, Jogendra Singh and Roushan Thakur, K., 2015 Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent disposal on soil characteristics in the vicinity of Uttarakhand pulp and paper mill, Haridwar (Uttarakhand)India, International Journal of Agricultural Research Vol.4, No.6, pp 117-125.
- WHO. 2011. Guideline for drinking water quality, 4th edition, World Health Organization, Geneva.
References
APHA, AWWA and WEF, 1998 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water 20th Edn., APHA, Washington, DC.
Bamakanta, G., Sunakar, P., Satyabhama, T and UpendraPrasad, T., 2013 Seasonal variation of Nagavali River water quality at the vicinity of paper mill near Jaykaypur, Odisha, India. International Research Journal of Environmental Science Vol.2, No.5, pp 46-52.
BIS, 2012. Indian Standards Specifications for drinking water, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
Brown, R.M., McCleiland, N., Deininger, R.A., and O’Connor, M.F., 1972. A Water Quality Index – Crossing the Psychological Barrier (Jenkis, S.H. eds) Water Pollution Research: Proceedings of an International Conference held at Jerusalem, No.6 pp 787-797.
Panda, R.B., Sinha, B.K., 1991 Investigation of water quality of Brahmani River, Indian Journal of Environment and Health, Vol.33, No.1, pp 45-49.
Pandia Rajan, A., Dheenadayalan, M.S., 2015. A study on the impact of sewage and tannery effluent in Ponmandurai Pudhupatty Pond in Dundigul District, International Journal of Chemical and Biological Science, Vol.2, No.6, pp 2349-2724.
Patil, V.T, Patil, P.R., 2011. Groundwater quality of open wells and tube wells around Amalner town of Jalgaon, district,
Maharashtra, India Electronic Journal of Chemistry, Vol.8, No.1, pp 5378.
Pooja, T., Virendra Kumar, Gyanesh, J., Satpal, S., Suresh, P., Sanjay, N., Raman, N., 2013 A comparative study on physico-chemical properties of pulp and paper mill effluent, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.3, No.6, pp 811-818.
Ramakrishnaiah, C.R., Sadashivaiah, C., and Ranganna, G., 2009. Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, Indian Electronic Journal of Chemistry Vol.6, No.2, pp 523-530.
Sinha, A.K., Saxena, S., and Saxena, R., 2004. Water quality index for Ram Ganga river water at Moradabad, Pollution Research 23, pp 527-531
Srinivas, Ch., Ravi Shankar, P., Venkateshwar, C., SatyanarayanaRao, M.S., and RavinderReddy, R., 2000 Studies on groundwater quality of Hyderabad, Pollution Research Vol.19, No.2, pp 285-289.
Tripaty, J.K., Sahu, K.C., 2005. Seasonal Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in the Barrier Spit System of the Chilika Lagoon, India, Journal of Environmental Hydrology No.13 pp 1-9.
Vinod Kumar, Chopra, A.K., Sandeep Kumar, Jogendra Singh and Roushan Thakur, K., 2015 Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent disposal on soil characteristics in the vicinity of Uttarakhand pulp and paper mill, Haridwar (Uttarakhand)India, International Journal of Agricultural Research Vol.4, No.6, pp 117-125.
WHO. 2011. Guideline for drinking water quality, 4th edition, World Health Organization, Geneva.