Main Article Content
Abstract
Various soil and water constraints, such as impeded drainage and declining groundwater, along with sub-optimal input management and utilization practices, contribute to the lower agricultural productivity in the Rajpura block of the Patiala district, Punjab, compared to other areas of the state. Thus, an attempt has been made to evaluate the land resources of the block to explore the possibilities of diversified agricultural land uses. Site characteristics, limitations, and potentials revealed that the soils of the block belong to land capability subclasses IIs, IIse, IIIse, and IIIsw. Land capability subclass IIs constitutes the maximum area of the block, i.e., about 52.77%, followed by subclass IIIsw (22.89%), IIse (8.65%), and IIIse (1.68%), respectively. The soils of the block belong to land irrigability classes 1, 2sd, and 3sd. Land irrigability class 1 covers the maximum area of the block, i.e., 50.8%, followed by 2sd, which covers 33.51% of the area, while 3sd covers the minimum area (1.68%) of the block. Thus, based on the land capability and irrigability classifications, some management strategies were suggested to ensure better land utilization. Such strategies include the use of soil and water resources according to their capability instead of following non-scientific practices. The assessment of the Rajpura block's land is a crucial method for assessing the suitability of the soil and suggesting necessary management measures to boost agricultural output, which in turn promotes sustainable land use planning.
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References
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References
Aandahl, A.R. (1958). Soil Survey Interpretation-Theory and purpose. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 22(2), 152-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1958.03615995002200020016x
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All India Soil and Land Use Survey. (1970). Soil Survey Manual, All India Soil and Land Use Survey, Department of Agriculture Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, IARI Campus, New Delhi.
Appala, R.N. (2015). Land Capability and Suitability in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh using Remote sensing and GIS Techniques. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(7), 56-64.
Azadi, A., Jalali, S.A.S., & Navidi, M.N. (2023). Land evaluation approaches comparing TOPSIS and SAW with parametric methods for rice cultivation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(11), 1-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11849-8
Baskent, E.Z. (2021). Assessment and improvement strategies of sustainable land management (SLM) planning initiative in Turkey. The Sci. of Total Environ., 797(1), 149183. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149183
Beek, K.J. (1978). Land evaluation for agricultural development. ILRI: Wageningen, Netherland), 23, 1-333.
Beek, K.J., Bie, K.D., & Driessen, P. (1997). Land information and land evaluation for land use planning and sustainable land management. Land Chatham, 1(1), 27-44.
Bhunia, G.S., Chatterjee, U., Shit, P.K., & Kashyap, A. (2021). Wasteland reclamation and geospatial solution: existing scenario and future strategy. Modern Cartography series, 10, 87-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823895-0.00006-3
Brar, S.K., Dhaliwal, S.S., Sharma, V., Sharma, S., & Kaur, M. (2023). Replacement of rice-wheat cropping system with alternative diversified systems concerning crop productivity and their impact on soil carbon and nutrient status in soil profile of north-west India. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2167483
Chaudhary, S.K. (2020). Potentiality and irrigability assessment of Shiwalik hill soils of Himachal Pradesh. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 22(4), 373-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2020.10007
CGWB. (2019). Ground Water Year Book Punjab and Chandigarh (UT) 2018–19 Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, New Delhi: Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India.
Demir, S. (2024). Determination of suitable agricultural areas and current land use in Isparta Province, Türkiye, through a linear combination technique and geographic information systems. Environ. Dev. Sustain., 26, 13455–13493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04359-7
Dent, D., & Young, A. (1981). Soil survey and land evaluation. George Allen & Unwin, London.
Dhaliwal, S.S., Shukla, A.K., Sharma, V., Behera, S.K., Choudhary, O.P., Chaudhari, S.K., Prakash, C., Kumar, A., Patra, A.K., Sikanyia, Y., & Tripathi, A. (2020). Status of suplhur and micronutrients in soils of Punjab – blockwise atlas. Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, ISBN: 978-93-5406-378-7.
Dhaliwal, S.S., Sharma, S., Sharma, V., Shukla, A.K., Walia, S.S., Alhomrani, M., Gaber, A., Toor, A.S., Verma, V., Randhawa, M.K., Pandher, L.K., Singh, P., & Hossain, A. (2021). Long-term integrated nutrient management in the maize–wheat cropping system in alluvial soils of north-western India: Influence on soil organic carbon, microbial activity and nutrient status. Agronomy, 11(11), 2258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112258
Dhanda, S., Yadav, A., Yadav, D.B., & Chauhan, B.S. (2022). Emerging Issues and Potential Opportunities in the Rice–Wheat Cropping System of North-Western India. Front. Plant Sci., 13, 832683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.832683
Dhillon B.S., Kataria P., & Dhillon P.K. (2010). National food security vis-à-vis sustainability of agriculture in high crop productivity regions. Current Science, 98, 33–36.
District Census Handbook, Patiala (2011). Census of India, Punjab, 1-414.
FAO. (1976). A Frame Work of Land Evaluation. Soils Bulletin. 32, FAO, Rome.
Harish, M.N. (2022). Double zero-tillage and foliar-P nutrition coupled with bio-inoculants enhance physiological photosynthetic characteristics and resilience to nutritional and environmental stresses in maize–wheat rotation. Front. Plant Sci., 13, 959541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.959541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.959541
Hussein, M. (2023). Natural Resource Governance in Unrecognized Settings: What Are Emerging Political, Legal and Fiscal Issues Affecting “Somaliland”?. Natural Resources, 14, 93-101. doi: 10.4236/nr.2023.147007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2023.147007
Indian Agricultural Research Institute. (1970). Soil Survey Mannual. IARI Publ, New Delhi.
Iticha, B., Kamran, M., Yan, R., Siuta, D., Al-Hashimi, A., Takele, C., Olana, F., Kukfisz, B., Iqbal, S., & Elshikh, M.S. (2022). The Role of Digital Soil Information in Assisting Precision Soil Management. Sustainability, 14(18), 11710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811710
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Klingebiel, A.A. (1958). Soil survey interpretation capability groupings. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 22, 160-163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1958.03615995002200020019x
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Kumar, A., Mahapatra, S.K., Lal, T., Yadav, R.P., & Singh, S.K. (2017). Alternate land use options for livelihood security of the farmers - A case study of Chhata tehsil, Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6 (7), 279-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.033
Mahapatra, S.K., Nagdev, Ritu, Yadav, R.P., & Singh, S.K. (2019). Characterization and classification of the soils of Buraka Micro-watershed in Haryana for integrated development. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 67(2), 125-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0228.2019.00015.X
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Merolla, S., Armesto, G., & Calvanese, G. (1994). A GIS application for assessing agricultural land. ITC Journal, 3, 264-269.
Nagdev, R., Mahapatra, S.K., Yadav, R.P., & Singh, S.K. (2017a). Assessment of Soil Resource Potential of Warm Humid Kumaon Himalayas for Sustainable Productivity. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 65(2), 138-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0228.2017.00017.2
Nagdev, R., Mahapatra, S.K., Yadav, R.P., & Singh, S.K. (2017b). Land Capability Classification and Management needs in Aravalli fringes in Southern Haryana for Sustainable Land Use Planning. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 16(2), 117-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2017.00017.0
Nandan, R., Poonia, S.P., Singh, S.S., Nath, C.P., Kumar, V., & Malik, R.K. (2021). Potential of conservation agriculture modules for energy conservation and sustainability of rice-based production systems of Indo-Gangetic Plain region. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28, 246–261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10395-x
Pries, C.E.H., Sulman, B.N., West, C.O., Neill, C., Poppleton, E., Porras, R. C., Castanha, C., Zhu, B., Wiedemeier, D.B., & Torn, M.S. (2018). Root litter decomposition slows with soil depth. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 125, 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.07.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.07.002
Ramamurthy, V., Challa, O., Naidu, L.G.K., & Kumar, K.S.A. (2020). Land evaluation and land use planning. The soils of India, 191-214. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-31082-0_10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31082-0_10
Ruiz, I., Almagro, M., García, D.J.S., Solà, M.D.M., & Sanz, M.J. Assessment of sustainable land management practices in Mediterranean rural regions. (2020). J Environ. Manage., 276, 111293. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111293
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