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Abstract
The investigation of “Inert Minerals and Botanicals Synergism with Spinosad: co-toxicity against Callosobruchus maculatus in Stored Blackgram” was performed in the Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla, during 2020-21. The inert minerals and botanicals were mixed with Spinosad and used for the bioassay. The data were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the release of the test insect, and probit analysis was performed to calculate the LD50. By using the LD50 of inert minerals and botanicals alone and in combination with spinosad, the co-toxicity coefficient was calculated. Among all the treatments, the highest co-toxicity coefficient (433.33) was recorded for diatomaceous earth, indicating increased efficacy and synergism between diatomaceous earth and Spinosad.
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References
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- Islam, S., Ahmed, A.H., Mondal, S. & Chandra, K.D. (2013). Evaluation of Some Spices Powder as Grain Protectant Against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis (L.), Universal Journal of Plant Science, 1(4), 132-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujps.2013.010404
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- Mohapatra, G.K. & Gupta, G.P. (1998). Pesticide-induced resurgence. Pestology, 22(12), 14-20.
- Nahdy, M.S. (1995). Biotic and abiotic factors influencing the biology and distribution of common storage pests of pigeonpea. Ph. D Thesis, University of Reading, UK.
- Satyasri, Ch.N., Madhumathi, T., Kumar, D.V.S.R., Kumari, V.P., Rao, V.S. & Krishnayya, P.V. (2017). Efficacy of certain newer insecticides against Tribolium castaneum according to the jute cloth disc impregnation method. The Andhra Agricultural Journal, 64(4), 858-861.
- Subramanyam, B. & Roesli, R. (2000) Inert Dusts: Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 321-380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4353-4_12
- Sun, Y.P. & Johnson, E. (1960). Analysis of the joint action of insecticides on house flies. Journal of Economic Entomology, 53(5), 887-892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/53.5.887
- Sun, Y.P. (1950). Toxicity index- An improved method of comparing the relative toxicity of insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43, 45-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/43.1.45
References
Abbott, W.S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18(2), 265-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.265a
Ajiboye, O., Babarinde, S. A., Adesina, G. O., Olusoji, O. C., Adebayo, T. A. & Adelasoye, K. A. (2023). Combinations of spintor with botanical powders as toxicants against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 63(2), 254-262.
Directorate of Marketing and Inspection Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, GOI. (2020). https://agmarknet.gov.in, Postharvest profile of black gram, pp: 1.
Doharey, K.L., & Singh, R.P. (1989). Evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel extract against chafer beetles. Indian Journal of Entomology, 51, 217-219.
EPA, U.S. & Prevention, E. T. S. W. (2005). Technical Support Document: Preparation of Emissions Inventories for the Version, 4, 1-29.
EPA. (1997). Spinosad pesticide fact sheet No. HJ 501C, EPA, Office of pesticides and toxic substances. http://www.epa, gov/opprd001/factsheet/spinosadpdf.
Faroni, L. R. A., & A. H. Sousa. (2006). Biological aspects and of the main insect pests of stored products. Seed Storage Technology, edited by F. A. C. Almeida, E. M. Duarte, and M. E. R. M. C. Mata, 371–402. Meadow Grande: Universidade Federal de Campina Grande.
Finney, D.J. (1971). Probit Analysis. Cambridge University Press, London, 109.
Islam, S., Ahmed, A.H., Mondal, S. & Chandra, K.D. (2013). Evaluation of Some Spices Powder as Grain Protectant Against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis (L.), Universal Journal of Plant Science, 1(4), 132-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujps.2013.010404
Korunic, C., & Rozman, V. (2010). A synergistic mixture of diatomaceous earth and deltamethrin was used to control stored grain insects. Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 894-898.
Korunic, Z. (1998). Diatomaceous earth, a group of natural insecticides. The Journal of Stored Products Research, 34, 87-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00039-8
Losic, D. & Korunic, Z. (2018). Diatomaceous Earth, A Natural Insecticide for Stored Grain Protection: Recent Progress and Perspectives. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 44, 219-247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788010160-00219
Melani, D., Himawan, T. & Afandhi, A. (2016). Bioactivity of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) essential oils against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: noctuidae). Journal of Tropical Life Science, 62, 86-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.06.02.04
Mkenda, P. A., Mtei, K. & Ndakidemi, P. A. (2014). Pesticidal Efficacy of Tephrosia Vogelii and Tithonia Diversifolia against Field Insect Pests of Common Beans [Phaseolus Vulgaris L.] within African Farming Communities. African Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, 2, 9–26.
Mohapatra, G.K. & Gupta, G.P. (1998). Pesticide-induced resurgence. Pestology, 22(12), 14-20.
Nahdy, M.S. (1995). Biotic and abiotic factors influencing the biology and distribution of common storage pests of pigeonpea. Ph. D Thesis, University of Reading, UK.
Satyasri, Ch.N., Madhumathi, T., Kumar, D.V.S.R., Kumari, V.P., Rao, V.S. & Krishnayya, P.V. (2017). Efficacy of certain newer insecticides against Tribolium castaneum according to the jute cloth disc impregnation method. The Andhra Agricultural Journal, 64(4), 858-861.
Subramanyam, B. & Roesli, R. (2000) Inert Dusts: Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 321-380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4353-4_12
Sun, Y.P. & Johnson, E. (1960). Analysis of the joint action of insecticides on house flies. Journal of Economic Entomology, 53(5), 887-892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/53.5.887
Sun, Y.P. (1950). Toxicity index- An improved method of comparing the relative toxicity of insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43, 45-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/43.1.45