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Abstract
The present investigation was carried out in Himachal Pradesh, India. Nine different species of ladybird beetles were found feeding on the green apple aphid Aphis pomi De Geer in an apple orchard and apple nursery plants in Himachal Pradesh. These species belong to the order Coleoptera and family Coccinellidae. Coelophora saucia (Mulsant) is a formidable predator of Aphis pomi De Geer in Himachal Pradesh, India. This study investigated the life cycle of Coelophora saucia (a mussel). Both the larval and adult stages of this predator vigorously consumed green apple aphids. Therefore, studying the biology and feeding capacity of Coelophora saucia (a mussel) on green apple aphids from the perspective of biological control in apple-growing regions of Himachal Pradesh is useful.
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References
- Bhalla, O.P. (1972). Ensure the quality of apple fruit by adopting measures against insect pests. Himachal Horticulture, 3, 24-28.
- Blackman, R.L., & Eastop, V.F. (1984). Aphids on World’s Crops: An Identification and Information Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Chicestor, UK.
- De Geer (1773). Memoires 1’Histoire des Insectes. T.3 Stockholm.
- Gautam, D.C., & Kumari, M. (2004). Biology of green apple aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) on apple host. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 61, 229-231.
- Gupta, R. & Tara, J. S. (2015). Life history of Aphis pomi De Geer (green apple aphid) on apple plantations in Jammu Province, J&K, India. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 10 (2), 388-391.
- Hamilton, G.C., Swift, F.C., & Marini, R. (1986). Effect of Aphis pomi (Homoptera: Aphididae) density on apples. Journal of Economic Entomology, 79, 471-478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/79.2.471
- Khan, H.A.A., Akram, W., Iqbal, J. & Naeem-Ullah, U. (2015). Thiamethoxam resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica L.: current status, resistance selection, cross-resistance potential and possible biochemical mechanisms.10: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125850
- Khan, H.A.A., Akram, W., Khan, T., Haider, M.S., Iqbal, N. & Zubair, M. (2016). Risk assessment, cross-resistance potential, and biochemical mechanism of reistance to emamectin benzoate in a field strain of house fly (Musca domestica Linnaeus). Chemosphere, 151, 133-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.077
- Kumar, S. (2020). Aphid-Plant Interactions: Implications for Pest Management. Intech DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84302
- Kumari, M. (2018a). Studies the biology and predatory potential of Harmonia dimidiate, a major predator of Aphis pomi De Geer on apple host in India. Advances in Entomology, 6, 170-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2018.62013
- Kumari, M. (2018b). Studies on the biology and predatory potential of Coelophora bissellataa predators of Aphis Pomi De Geer on apple host in India. Journal of Insect Science, 31, (1-2), 63-66.
- Kumari, M. (2019). Biology of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.), A predator of green apple aphids in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Entomology, 81, 37-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00036.1
- Kumari, M., & Gautam, D.C. (2007). Studies On the morphs life history and behavaiour of green apple aphid Aphis pomi De Geer on apple host in India. Polish Journal of Entomology, 76,119-141.
- Madsen, H. F., Westigard, P.H., & Falcon, L.A. (1961). Evaluation of insecticides and sampling methods against the apple aphid, Aphis pomi. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54, 892-894. Oatman, E.R., & Legner, E.F. (1961). Bionomics of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi, on young nonbearing apple trees. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54, 1034-1037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/54.5.892
- Messelink, G.J., Bloemhard, C.M., Sabelis, M.W. & Janssen, A. (2013). Biological control of aphids in the presence of thrips and their enemies. Biocontrol, 58, 45-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-012-9462-2
- Muhammad, A., Hafiz A. A. A., Faisal, H., Ravaid, S., & Naeem, I. (2017). Predatory potential of Coccinella septempunctata L. against Four Aphid Species. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 49(2),623-627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.2.623.627
References
Bhalla, O.P. (1972). Ensure the quality of apple fruit by adopting measures against insect pests. Himachal Horticulture, 3, 24-28.
Blackman, R.L., & Eastop, V.F. (1984). Aphids on World’s Crops: An Identification and Information Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Chicestor, UK.
De Geer (1773). Memoires 1’Histoire des Insectes. T.3 Stockholm.
Gautam, D.C., & Kumari, M. (2004). Biology of green apple aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) on apple host. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 61, 229-231.
Gupta, R. & Tara, J. S. (2015). Life history of Aphis pomi De Geer (green apple aphid) on apple plantations in Jammu Province, J&K, India. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 10 (2), 388-391.
Hamilton, G.C., Swift, F.C., & Marini, R. (1986). Effect of Aphis pomi (Homoptera: Aphididae) density on apples. Journal of Economic Entomology, 79, 471-478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/79.2.471
Khan, H.A.A., Akram, W., Iqbal, J. & Naeem-Ullah, U. (2015). Thiamethoxam resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica L.: current status, resistance selection, cross-resistance potential and possible biochemical mechanisms.10: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125850
Khan, H.A.A., Akram, W., Khan, T., Haider, M.S., Iqbal, N. & Zubair, M. (2016). Risk assessment, cross-resistance potential, and biochemical mechanism of reistance to emamectin benzoate in a field strain of house fly (Musca domestica Linnaeus). Chemosphere, 151, 133-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.077
Kumar, S. (2020). Aphid-Plant Interactions: Implications for Pest Management. Intech DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84302
Kumari, M. (2018a). Studies the biology and predatory potential of Harmonia dimidiate, a major predator of Aphis pomi De Geer on apple host in India. Advances in Entomology, 6, 170-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2018.62013
Kumari, M. (2018b). Studies on the biology and predatory potential of Coelophora bissellataa predators of Aphis Pomi De Geer on apple host in India. Journal of Insect Science, 31, (1-2), 63-66.
Kumari, M. (2019). Biology of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.), A predator of green apple aphids in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Entomology, 81, 37-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00036.1
Kumari, M., & Gautam, D.C. (2007). Studies On the morphs life history and behavaiour of green apple aphid Aphis pomi De Geer on apple host in India. Polish Journal of Entomology, 76,119-141.
Madsen, H. F., Westigard, P.H., & Falcon, L.A. (1961). Evaluation of insecticides and sampling methods against the apple aphid, Aphis pomi. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54, 892-894. Oatman, E.R., & Legner, E.F. (1961). Bionomics of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi, on young nonbearing apple trees. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54, 1034-1037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/54.5.892
Messelink, G.J., Bloemhard, C.M., Sabelis, M.W. & Janssen, A. (2013). Biological control of aphids in the presence of thrips and their enemies. Biocontrol, 58, 45-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-012-9462-2
Muhammad, A., Hafiz A. A. A., Faisal, H., Ravaid, S., & Naeem, I. (2017). Predatory potential of Coccinella septempunctata L. against Four Aphid Species. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 49(2),623-627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.2.623.627