Main Article Content
Abstract
The current investigation took place in five districts of Haryana, India, namely, Ambala, Kaithal, Karnal, Kurukshetra, and Yamunanagar. The primary objective was to understand the challenges confronted by farmers in adopting water conservation management practices. The findings presented in this paper stem from a field survey conducted during the 2020–21 period involving 150 respondents. These participants were interviewed using a well-structured and pretested interview schedule. The analysis of the collected data was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool. The results indicate that a majority of respondents identified financial constraints (WMS 2.45) and infrastructure constraints (WMS 2.39) as highly serious, while constraints related to manpower (WMS 2.15) and awareness were considered comparatively less serious (WMS 2.03). The study's conclusion highlights that most respondents perceive these constraints as significant, underscoring the urgent need to motivate and encourage farmers to embrace effective management practices. Additionally, the study emphasizes the necessity for a water policy to ensure its proper utilization.
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References
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- Thankachan, S., & Kirubakaran, S. (2014). A survey conducted on E-Agriculture with Indian farmers. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 3(2), 8-14.
- Varadan, R. J., & Kumar, P. (2012). Impact of crop insurance on rice farming in Tamil Nadu. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 25(2), 291-298.
- Varua, M. E., Maheshwari, B., Ward, J., & Dave, S. (2017). Groundwater conservation attitudes, behavior and water management: The case of farmers in rural India. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 220, 141–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2495/WRM170141
- Yadav, S., Mondal, M. K., Shew, A., Jagadish, S. V. K., Haque, Z., Sutradhar, A., Bhandari, H., Humphreys, E., Bhattacharya, J., & Parvin, R. (2019). Community water management to intensify agricultural productivity in the polders of the coastal zone of Bangladesh. Paddy and Water Environment, 18(2), 331-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-019-00785-4
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References
Anonymous. (2016). Agriculture in India. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India
Jain, C. K., & Singh, S. (2020). Impact of climate change on the hydrological dynamics of River Ganga, India. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11(1), 274-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.029
Jain, N. (2018). India's groundwater crisis fuelled by intense pumping needs urgent management. Mongabay. Retrieved from https://india.mongabay.com/2018/06/indias-groundwater-crisis-fueled-by-intense-pumping-needs-urgent-management/
Jaiswal, R. K., Tiwari, H. L., & Lohani, A. K. (2017). Assessment of climate change impact on rainfall for studying water availability in upper Mahanadi catchment, India. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 8(4), 755-770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.097
Kashyap, D., & Agarwal, T. (2021). Temporal trends of climatic variables and water footprint of rice and wheat production in Punjab, India from 1986 to 2017. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 12(4), 1203-1219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.093
Kumar, P., Mukteshawar, R., Rani, S., Malik, J. S., and Kumar, N. (2021). Awareness and Constraints Regarding Water Conservation Practices in Haryana (India). Indian Journal of Extension Education, 57(3), 48-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2021.57312
Kumar, P., Shehrawat, P. S., Kumar, R., Ashma, Shubham, & Khan, M. (2021). Soil-health management in nutrient-deficient soils: A case study of Indian farmers. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(11), 131-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i11.118584
Kumar, P., Shehrawat, P. S., Rohila, A. K., Ghanghas, B. S., and Kumar, A. (2016). Constraints faced by farmers of Haryana state in adoption of masumbi (Citrus sinensis) cultivation. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 785-789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.874
Kumar, S., Nain, M. S., & Sangeetha, V. (2023). Determinants and Constraints for Adoption of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) Practices. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(4), 135-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2023.59427
Malik, R. P. S., Giordano, M., & Sharma, V. (2014). Examining farm-level perceptions, costs, and benefits of small water harvesting structures in Dewas, Madhya Pradesh. Agricultural Water Management, 131(1), 204-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.07.002
Moench, M., Kulkarni, H., & Burke, J. (2011). Groundwater Governance - A Global Framework for Action. UNESCO, 8-12.
Mohammadi, Y., Fami, H. S., & Asadi, A. (2013). Farmers’ perception of water scarcity and components influencing on this challenge in Fars province. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(17), 1804-1812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.2262
Rohila, A. K., Ghanghas, B. S., & Shehrawat, P. S. (2014). Prospects of direct seeded rice (DSR) cultivation technology in Haryana. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 9(2), 106-109.
Rohila, A. K., Kumar, A., Mukteshawar, R., Ghanghas, B. S., Kavita, & Kumar, R. (2021). Constraints in adoption of smart agricultural practices. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(1), 142-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i1.110950
Shelar, R., Singh, A. K., & Maji, S. (2022). Constraints in Adapting the Climate change in Konkan region of Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(1), 169-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2022.58132
Thankachan, S., & Kirubakaran, S. (2014). A survey conducted on E-Agriculture with Indian farmers. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 3(2), 8-14.
Varadan, R. J., & Kumar, P. (2012). Impact of crop insurance on rice farming in Tamil Nadu. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 25(2), 291-298.
Varua, M. E., Maheshwari, B., Ward, J., & Dave, S. (2017). Groundwater conservation attitudes, behavior and water management: The case of farmers in rural India. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 220, 141–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2495/WRM170141
Yadav, S., Mondal, M. K., Shew, A., Jagadish, S. V. K., Haque, Z., Sutradhar, A., Bhandari, H., Humphreys, E., Bhattacharya, J., & Parvin, R. (2019). Community water management to intensify agricultural productivity in the polders of the coastal zone of Bangladesh. Paddy and Water Environment, 18(2), 331-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-019-00785-4
Zerihun, M. F., Muchie, M., & Worku, Z. (2014). Determinants of agroforestry technology adoption in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Development Studies Research, 1(1), 382-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.977454