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Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the most relevant constraints, challenges, and experiences of RAS fish farmers in the state of Haryana state of India. Over the course of a year, extensive surveys were conducted among 20 RAS farms in various districts of the Haryana Region, i.e., Ambala, Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal, Rohtak, Rewari, and Sonipat. These farmers were interviewed face to face using a questionnaire that combined closed- and open-ended questions to gather valuable insight. The results revealed several common constraints faced by RAS farmers in Haryana. The most significant challenges that farmers faced included disease outbreaks (50%), seed quality issues (45%), lack of knowledge about RAS (35%), and misguidance (5%). Additionally, farmers reported difficulties in seed transportation (10%), and approximately 70% of the farmers emphasized the critical need for specialized training in RAS operations. Moreover, 50% of the farmers considered the lack of information regarding suitable fish species for RAS to be a major problem. In terms of RAS equipment, drum filters (35%) and MBBR media (30%) were the most common malfunctioning components for fish farmers, while 55% of the farmers experienced no default in their RAS systems. Moreover, this research revealed that Haryana farmers are interested in the adoption of RAS technology and are interested in a prototype farm with professional guidance to promote its adoption.
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References
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References
Aich, N., Nama, S., Biswal, A., & Paul, T., 2020. A Review On Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Aquaculture. Innovative Farming, 5(1), 17-24.
Anonymous, 2020. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Government of India. Available from http://nfdb.gov.in/about-indian-fisheries.
Anonymous, 2021a. The EU Aquaculture Assistance Mechanism supports the implementation of “Strategic Guidelines for a more sustainable and Competitive EU aquaculture for period 2021-2030. Retrieved from https://aquaculture.ec.europa.eu/faq/8-what-are-advantages-and-key-challenges-recirculating-aquaculture-systems-ras.
Anonymous, 2021b. Development of fisheries in Haryana. Fisheries department Haryana. Available from http://harfish.gov.in/development-of-fisheries-in-haryana.
Badiola, M., Mendiola, D., & Bostock, J. (2012). Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) analysis: Main issues on management and future challenges. Aquaculture Engineering, 51(1), 26–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.07.004
Benjamin, E. O., Ola, O., & Buchenrieder, G.R. (2022). Feasibility Study of a Small-Scale Recirculating Aquaculture System for Sustainable (Peri-) Urban Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Nigerian Perspective. Land, 11(11), 2063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112063
Bondad Reantaso, M. G., Subasinghe, R. P., Arthur, J. R., Ogawa, K., Chinabut, S., Adlard, R., Tan, Z., & Shariff, M. (2005). Disease and health management in Asian aquaculture. Veterinary Parasitology, 132(3-4), 249-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.005
Devi, S. Z., Singh, N. R., Singh, N. A., & Laxmi, T. (2014). Fish production in Manipur-an economic analysis. Journal of crop and weed, 10(2), 19-23.
Ebeling, J. M., & Timmons, M.B. (2012). Recirculating Aquaculture Systems in Aquaculture Production Systems. World Aquaculture Society. USA, 245-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118250105.ch11
FAO, 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy.
Kaminski, A. M., Kruijssen, F., Cole, S. M., Beveridge, M. C. M., Dawson, C., Mohan, C. V., Suri, S., Karim, M., Chen, O. L., Phillips, M. J., Downing, W., Weirowski, F., Genschick, S., Tran, N., Rogers, W., & Little, D.C. (2020). A review of inclusive business models and their application in aquaculture development. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(3), 1881-1902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12415
Martins, C. I. M., Eding, E. H., Verdegem, M. C., Heinsbroek, L. T., Schneider, O., Blancheton, J. P., d’Orbcastel, E. R., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2010). New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe: A perspective on environmental sustainability. Aquaculture engineering, 43(3), 83-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.09.002
McKindsey, C. M., Thetmeyer, H., Landry, T., & Silver, W. (2006). Review of recent carrying capacity models for bivalve culture and recommendations for research and management. Aquaculture, 261, 451–462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.06.044
Pandey, D. K., & De, H. K. (2015). Entrepreneurial behavior of tribal fish farmers in Tripura, north‒east India. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 62(1), 149-152.
Rockström, J., Sachs, J. D., Öhman, M. C., & Schmidt-Traub, G. (2013). Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries. Background Research Paper Submitted to the High Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda; Sustainable Development Solutions Network: Paris, France; New York, NY, USA.
Schneider, O., Blancheton, J. P., Varadi, L., Eding, E. H., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2006). Cost Price and Production Strategies in European Recirculation Systems, Linking Tradition and Technology Highest Quality for the Consumer. WAS, Firenze, Italy, 855.
Shepherd, J., & Bromage, N. (1988). Intensive Fish Farming. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford.
Singh, S., & Marsh, L. S. (1996). Modeling thermal environment of a recirculating aquaculture facility. Aquaculture, 139(1-2), 11–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01164-1
The Fish Site Limited, 2019. Feed and feces: the challenges of RAS production. Retried from https://thefishsite.com/articles/feed-and-faeces-the-challenges-of-ras-production
Tyson, R. V., Treadwell, D. D., & Simonne, E. H. (2011). Opportunities and challenges to sustainability in aquaponics systems. Hort Technology, 21(1), 6–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.21.1.6