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Abstract
Sahastradhara hill-stream is a major tributary of river Song, 15 Km. far from Dehradun. It has a great importance as a picnic tourist spot of the region, whereas there is no more industrial and agricultural pollution. Hill streams of the area are the cradle of nutrients especially calcium and magnesium in the form of ions. Anthropogenic factors mainly tourists activities and catchments runoff may influence the index of nutrients in stream water. Nutrients play a vital role into niche restoration maintenance, self-regulation and water quality. Location variation in nutrients concentration of the stream was studied with special reference to correlation with physico-chemical parameters of the stream water. Calcium and Magnesium were observed in higher range in Sahastradhara stream in comparison to other hill-streams. Calcium and Magnesium were found maximum 104.21 mg/l and 68 mg/l respectively in summer season.
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References
- APHA (1995): Standard methods for examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association, 19th edition. Inc, New York. pp:1150.
- Alan Jenkins; Jeremy Wilkinson and Robert Collins (1995): Hydro-chemical characteristics of headwater stream in the middle hills and high mountains of the Himalayas, Nepal.
- Atmospheric Hydrologic and Ecological interaction- Part C. International confer ence on ecohydrology of high mountain areas. pp: 255-263.
- Badola, S.P. and Singh, H.R. (1981) Hydrobiology of the river Alaknanda of Garhwal Himalaya. Indian J. Ecol., 8(2): 269-276.
- Berndtsson, R. (1990): Transport and sedimentation of pollutants in a river reach: A chemical mass balance approach. Wat. Resour. Res. 26(7): 1549-1558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/90WR00531
- Bond, H. B. (1979): Nutrient concentrations patterns in a stream draining a montane ecosystem in Utah. Ecology. 60(6): 1184-1196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1936966
- Cameron, E. M. (1996): Hydrogeo-chemistry of the Fraser River British Columbia: Seasonal variation in major and minor components. J. Hydrol. 182(1-4): 209-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02924-9
- Chopra, A. K. and Patrick, N. J. (1994): Effect of domestic sewage on self-purification of Ganga water at Rishikesh. A. Bio. Science. 13(11): 75-82.
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- Hynes, H.B.N. (1970). The ecology of running waters. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 4th impression: 1-555.
- Jenkins, A., Sloan W.T. & Cosby, B.J. (1995) Stream chemistry is the middle hills and high mountain of the Himalaya, Nepal. Journal of Hydrology. Vol-166, No-1-4: 61-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02600-G
- Khanna, D.R and Singh. R.K. (2000). Seasonal fluctuations in the plankton of Suswa River at Raiwala Dehradun. Env. Conservation J. 1(2 & 3): 89-92.
- Miller, C. V.; Denis, J. M.; Ator, S. W. and Brakebill, J. W. (1997): Nutrients in stream during baseflow in selected environmental settings of the Potomac river basin. J.American Wat. Resources Association. 33(6): 1155-1171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03543.x
- Odum, E. P. (1971): Fundamentals of Ecology. New York. W. B. Saunders and Co. pp:1-344.
- Pande, R. K. and Asha Mishra (2000): Water quality study of freshwaters of Dehradun (Sahastradhara stream and Mussoorie Lake). Aquacult. 1: 57-62.
- Santhanam, R.; Velaynatham, P. and Jegatheesan, G. (1989): A manual for fresh water ecology. Daya Publishing House, Delhi- 110006:1-92.
- Shrama, R.C. (1986). Effect of physico-chemical factors on benthic fauna of Bhagirathi River Garhwal Himalaya. Indian. J.Ecol. 13(1): 133-137.
- Subramanian, V. (1979) Chemical and suspended sediment characteristics of river of India. J. Hydrol, 44:37-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90145-8
- Trivedi, R. K. and Goel, P. K. (1984): Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. Karad. Environmental publication. pp: 1-25.
- William, M.W., Brown, A. & Melack, J.M. (1993). Geochemical and hydrologic controls on the composition of surface water in the high elevation basin, Sierra Navada. Limnol. Oceanogr, 38: 775-797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0775
References
APHA (1995): Standard methods for examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association, 19th edition. Inc, New York. pp:1150.
Alan Jenkins; Jeremy Wilkinson and Robert Collins (1995): Hydro-chemical characteristics of headwater stream in the middle hills and high mountains of the Himalayas, Nepal.
Atmospheric Hydrologic and Ecological interaction- Part C. International confer ence on ecohydrology of high mountain areas. pp: 255-263.
Badola, S.P. and Singh, H.R. (1981) Hydrobiology of the river Alaknanda of Garhwal Himalaya. Indian J. Ecol., 8(2): 269-276.
Berndtsson, R. (1990): Transport and sedimentation of pollutants in a river reach: A chemical mass balance approach. Wat. Resour. Res. 26(7): 1549-1558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/90WR00531
Bond, H. B. (1979): Nutrient concentrations patterns in a stream draining a montane ecosystem in Utah. Ecology. 60(6): 1184-1196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1936966
Cameron, E. M. (1996): Hydrogeo-chemistry of the Fraser River British Columbia: Seasonal variation in major and minor components. J. Hydrol. 182(1-4): 209-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02924-9
Chopra, A. K. and Patrick, N. J. (1994): Effect of domestic sewage on self-purification of Ganga water at Rishikesh. A. Bio. Science. 13(11): 75-82.
Hussain, S. I.; Subramanian, V. and Dhanpal, K. (1989): Chemical characteristics of meltwaters from a Himalaya glacier, India. J. Hydrol. 106: 98-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(89)90168-6
Hynes, H.B.N. (1970). The ecology of running waters. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 4th impression: 1-555.
Jenkins, A., Sloan W.T. & Cosby, B.J. (1995) Stream chemistry is the middle hills and high mountain of the Himalaya, Nepal. Journal of Hydrology. Vol-166, No-1-4: 61-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02600-G
Khanna, D.R and Singh. R.K. (2000). Seasonal fluctuations in the plankton of Suswa River at Raiwala Dehradun. Env. Conservation J. 1(2 & 3): 89-92.
Miller, C. V.; Denis, J. M.; Ator, S. W. and Brakebill, J. W. (1997): Nutrients in stream during baseflow in selected environmental settings of the Potomac river basin. J.American Wat. Resources Association. 33(6): 1155-1171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03543.x
Odum, E. P. (1971): Fundamentals of Ecology. New York. W. B. Saunders and Co. pp:1-344.
Pande, R. K. and Asha Mishra (2000): Water quality study of freshwaters of Dehradun (Sahastradhara stream and Mussoorie Lake). Aquacult. 1: 57-62.
Santhanam, R.; Velaynatham, P. and Jegatheesan, G. (1989): A manual for fresh water ecology. Daya Publishing House, Delhi- 110006:1-92.
Shrama, R.C. (1986). Effect of physico-chemical factors on benthic fauna of Bhagirathi River Garhwal Himalaya. Indian. J.Ecol. 13(1): 133-137.
Subramanian, V. (1979) Chemical and suspended sediment characteristics of river of India. J. Hydrol, 44:37-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90145-8
Trivedi, R. K. and Goel, P. K. (1984): Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. Karad. Environmental publication. pp: 1-25.
William, M.W., Brown, A. & Melack, J.M. (1993). Geochemical and hydrologic controls on the composition of surface water in the high elevation basin, Sierra Navada. Limnol. Oceanogr, 38: 775-797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0775