Main Article Content
Abstract
The people located in Sangla valley in the state of Himachal Pradesh are economically poor due to its inaccessibility and inhospitable geo-climatic setup but they are remarkably rich in social and cultural milieu and endowed natural wealth. Subsistence farming practices, livestock husbandry and trading off the minor forest resources such as medicinal plants, wild edibles and timber are the only means of economy of the rural people. People are socially categorized as tribal. They have their own empirical and innovative knowledge experienced/ inherited through trial and error with the locally available biological resources and diverse geo-climatic condi- tions thus, establishing a perfect harmony with the nature. The practices of conservation of cultural and biological diversity have been practicing since time immemorial. The preservation of forests on the ground of social-cultural-religious cult and mythological beliefs has become a matter of adopting the strategies of revival of degraded landscape. There is need to adopt integrated model of options to achieve a meaningful development by incorporating indigenous knowledge with complex ecological/environmental milieus with present social and economic conditions derived on scientific parameters so that sustainability of the area could be maintained for long term.
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References
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- Davis, S.H. & A. Wali 1994. Indigenous land tenure and tropical forest management in Latin America. Ambio 23(8):485-490.
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- Sarmiento, L., M. Monasterio, & M. Montilla 1993. Ecological bases, sustainability and current trends in traditional agriculture in the Venezuelan High Andes. Mountain Research and Development 13:167-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3673634
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- Singh, G.S. 2001. People and environment in Himachal Himalaya: A socio-economic perspective. In: People and Environment in India, K.K. Misra and M.L.K. Murty (Eds.), Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, 156-178.
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- Singh, G.S., S.C. Ram & J.C. Kuniyal 1997a. Changing traditional land use patterns in the great Himalayas: A case study from Lahaul valley. J. Environmental Systems 25(2):195-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2190/6451-T2JN-0N11-R0J1
- Singh G. S., K.S. Rao & K.G. Saxena 1997b. Energy and economic efficiency of the mountain farming system: A case study in the north western Himalaya. Journal of Sustainable agriculture 9(2&3):25-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v09n02_04
- Singh, G. S., K.G. Saxena, K.S. Rao & S.C. Ram 1996. Traditional knowledge and threat of its extinction in Chhakinal watershed in north western Himalaya. Man in India, 76(1):1-17.
References
Cohn, J.P. 1984. Culture and conservation, BioScience 38(7):450-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1310946
Davis, S.H. & A. Wali 1994. Indigenous land tenure and tropical forest management in Latin America. Ambio 23(8):485-490.
Garcia-Ruiz, J.M & T. Lasanta-Martinez 1993. Land use conflicts as a result of land use change in the Central Spanish Pyrenees: A review. Mountain Research and Development 13:275-304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3673658
Mishra, B.K. & P.S. Ramakrishnan 1982. Energy flow through a village ecosystem with slash and burn agriculture in north eastern India. Agric. Systems 9:57-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-521X(82)90040-3
Pandey U & J.S Singh 1984. Energetics of hill agro-ecosystems: A study from central Himalaya.Agric. Systems 13:83-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-521X(84)90030-1
Pernetta, J.C. & L. Hill 1984. Traditional use and conservation of resources in the Pacific Basin.Ambio 13(5-6):359-364.
Ramakrishnan, P.S. 1992. Shifting agriculture and sustainable development: An interdisciplinary study from north east India, MAB Series Vol. 10, UNESCO- Paris and Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth-UK.
Sarmiento, L., M. Monasterio, & M. Montilla 1993. Ecological bases, sustainability and current trends in traditional agriculture in the Venezuelan High Andes. Mountain Research and Development 13:167-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3673634
Scott, C.A & M.F. Walter 1993. Local knowledge and conventional soil science approaches to erosional processes in the Shivalik, Himalaya. Mountain Research and Development 13(1):61-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3673644
Singh G. S. 1997. Socio-cultural evaluation of sacred groves for biodiversity conservation in north western Himalaya. J. Hill Research 10(1):43-50.
Singh, G. S. 2000. Dynamics of sacred groves in western Himalaya: A paradigm of community based practices. J. Indian Anthrop. Soc. 35:101-107.
Singh, G.S. 2001. People and environment in Himachal Himalaya: A socio-economic perspective. In: People and Environment in India, K.K. Misra and M.L.K. Murty (Eds.), Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, 156-178.
Singh G.S. & S.C. Ram 1997. Prospects of sustainable development of Kullu valley in north western Himalaya. J. Rural Development 16(2):359-368.
Singh, G.S., S.C. Ram & J.C. Kuniyal 1997a. Changing traditional land use patterns in the great Himalayas: A case study from Lahaul valley. J. Environmental Systems 25(2):195-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2190/6451-T2JN-0N11-R0J1
Singh G. S., K.S. Rao & K.G. Saxena 1997b. Energy and economic efficiency of the mountain farming system: A case study in the north western Himalaya. Journal of Sustainable agriculture 9(2&3):25-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v09n02_04
Singh, G. S., K.G. Saxena, K.S. Rao & S.C. Ram 1996. Traditional knowledge and threat of its extinction in Chhakinal watershed in north western Himalaya. Man in India, 76(1):1-17.