Main Article Content
Abstract
Bioremediation based on microbial technologies has been extensively used for treating coloured textile wastewater. In this research, the potential application of the indigenous and exogenous bacterial cultures, found as biofilm were investigated for colour removal. Initial study in the treatment of the textile wastewater showed that the mechanism involved in decolourisation was degradation, which was carried out via molecular technique involving amplification of the DNA sequence responsible for decolourisation using pure dye; Orange. In laboratory scale experiment, the bacteria were grown as mixed culture in suspension and biofilm using shake flasks technique. Their abilities to decolourise textile wastewater were studied under semianaerobic conditions. Generally, bacteria in the form of biofilms were found to remove colour at faster rates compared to that of suspended cells. Evidence of biofilm formation during decolourisation of textile wastewater was also examined using SEM.
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References
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- Husin, A., Ibrahim, Z., Md Salleh, M., Abdul Rashid, N.A., Yahya, A. 2003. Biological treatment of textile wastewater using biofilm. IWAConference on Environmental biotechnology.Advancement on Water and Wastewater Application in The Tropics. PP: 14.
- Jiang H. and Bishop P. L. 1994. Aerobic biodegradation of azo dyes in biofilms. Water Science Technology, 29, 525-530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0800
- Kahnert, A., Vermeij P., Wietek, C., James, P., Leisinger, T., Michael, A. K. 2000. The ssu Locus Plays a key role in organosulphur metabolism in Pseudomonas putida S-313. Journal of Bacteriology, pp: 2869-2878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.10.2869-2878.2000
- Keck A, Klein J, Kudlich M, Stolz A, Knackmuss HJ, Mattes R (1997). Reduction of azo dyes by redox mediators originating in the naphtalene sulphonic acid degradation pathway of Sphingomonas sp. Strain BN6. Applied in Environmental Microbiology 6, 3684- 3690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.9.3684-3690.1997
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- McMullan, G., Meehan, C., Conneely, A., Kirby, N., Robinson, T., Nigam, P., Banat, I.M.,Marchant, R., Smyth, W.F., 2001. Microbial decolourisation and degradation of textile dyes.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56, 81 –87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530000587
- Misra, T.K. 1992. Heavy metals, Bacterial resistances. Encyclopedia of Microbiology.Volume 2. 361-369
- Mohd Zahari, M., Ibrahim, Z., Md Salleh, M.,Yahya, A., Abdul Rashid, N.A., Syed Muhammad Rafeii, S.N., Zakaria, Z. 2004. In situ bioremediation of textile effluent sing biofilm.Water and Environmental Management Series,93-100.
- Nigam P., McMullan G., Banat I. M. and Marchant R. (1996b) Decolourization of effluent from the textile industry by a microbial consortium. Biotechnology Letters, 18(1), 117-120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137823
- Paulsen, J. E., Oppen, E. & Bakke, R. 1997. Biofilm morphology in porous media, a study with microscopic and image technique. Water Science and Technology 36, 1-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0001
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- Seshadri, S., Bishop, P. L. and Agha, A. M. 1994. Anaerobic/ Aerobic treatment of selected azo dyes in wastewater. Waste Management 15, 127- 137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-053X(94)90005-1
- Villegas-Navarro, A., Ramirez-M, Y., Salvader-S, M.S., Gallador, J.M. 2001. Determination of wastewater LC50 of the different processes stages of the textile industry.Ecotoxicological and Environmental Safety 48, 56-61 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.1986
- Watnick, P. & Kolter, R. (2000). Mini review: Biofilm, city of microbes. Journal of Bacteriology 182 (10),2675-2679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.10.2675-2679.2000
- Yu, J., Wang, X. and Yue, P.L. 2001. Optimal decolourisation and kinetic modelling of Synthetic dyes by Pseudomonas strains. Water Research, 35(15), 3579-3586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00100-2
References
Abrahamson, M., Lewandoski, Z., Geesey, G.,Skjak-Braek G., Strand, W. and Christensen, B. E. 1996. Development of an artificial biofilm to study the effects of a single microcolony on mass transport. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 26, 161-163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(96)00908-6
Banat, I. M., Nigam, P., Singh D. and Marchant, R. 1996. Microbial decolorisation of textile- dye containing effluents: a review. Bioresource Technology, 58, 217-227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(96)00113-7
Bustard M, McMullan G., McHale AP. 1998. Biosorption of textile dyes by biomass derived from Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3. Bioprocess Engineering, 19, 427-430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00009028
Fang, H.H.P., Xu, L.C., and Chan, K.Y. 2002 .Effect of toxic metals and chemicals on biofilm and biocorrosion. Water Research, 36, 4709-4716. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00207-5
Griffiths J. 1984. Developments in the light absorption properties of dyes–Color and photochemical reactions. In Developments in the Chemistry and Technology of Organic Dyes(Edited by Grifliths J.), pp. 1-30. Society of Chemistry Industry, Oxford.
Husin, A., Ibrahim, Z., Md Salleh, M., Abdul Rashid, N.A., Yahya, A. 2003. Biological treatment of textile wastewater using biofilm. IWAConference on Environmental biotechnology.Advancement on Water and Wastewater Application in The Tropics. PP: 14.
Jiang H. and Bishop P. L. 1994. Aerobic biodegradation of azo dyes in biofilms. Water Science Technology, 29, 525-530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0800
Kahnert, A., Vermeij P., Wietek, C., James, P., Leisinger, T., Michael, A. K. 2000. The ssu Locus Plays a key role in organosulphur metabolism in Pseudomonas putida S-313. Journal of Bacteriology, pp: 2869-2878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.10.2869-2878.2000
Keck A, Klein J, Kudlich M, Stolz A, Knackmuss HJ, Mattes R (1997). Reduction of azo dyes by redox mediators originating in the naphtalene sulphonic acid degradation pathway of Sphingomonas sp. Strain BN6. Applied in Environmental Microbiology 6, 3684- 3690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.9.3684-3690.1997
Kertesz, M. A. and Wietek, C. 2001. Desulphurisation and desulfonation: applications of sulphur- controlled gene expression in bacteria.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 57, 460-466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100800
McMullan, G., Meehan, C., Conneely, A., Kirby, N., Robinson, T., Nigam, P., Banat, I.M.,Marchant, R., Smyth, W.F., 2001. Microbial decolourisation and degradation of textile dyes.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56, 81 –87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530000587
Misra, T.K. 1992. Heavy metals, Bacterial resistances. Encyclopedia of Microbiology.Volume 2. 361-369
Mohd Zahari, M., Ibrahim, Z., Md Salleh, M.,Yahya, A., Abdul Rashid, N.A., Syed Muhammad Rafeii, S.N., Zakaria, Z. 2004. In situ bioremediation of textile effluent sing biofilm.Water and Environmental Management Series,93-100.
Nigam P., McMullan G., Banat I. M. and Marchant R. (1996b) Decolourization of effluent from the textile industry by a microbial consortium. Biotechnology Letters, 18(1), 117-120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137823
Paulsen, J. E., Oppen, E. & Bakke, R. 1997. Biofilm morphology in porous media, a study with microscopic and image technique. Water Science and Technology 36, 1-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0001
Quadroni, M., James, P., Dainese-Hatt, P. and Michael, A. K. (1999). Proteome mapping, mass spectrometric sequencing and reverse transcription -PCR for characterization of the sulfate starvation-induced response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. European Journal in Biochemistry 266, 986-996 (1999). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00941.x
Rakmi, A. R. 1993. Characterisation and prospects for biological treatment of textile finishing wastewater. In: Waste Management in Malaysia: Current status and Prospects for Bioremediation. Yeoh, B.G., Chee, K.S., Phang, S.M., Zaid I., Azni, I., Maketab, M. (eds.). Ministry of Science, Technology and The Environment, Malaysia 99-108.
Russ, R., Rau, J. and Stolz, A. 2000. The function of cytoplasmic flavin reductases in the reduction of azo dyes by bacteria. Applied in Environmental Microbiology. 66(4) :429-1434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.4.1429-1434.2000
Seshadri, S., Bishop, P. L. and Agha, A. M. 1994. Anaerobic/ Aerobic treatment of selected azo dyes in wastewater. Waste Management 15, 127- 137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-053X(94)90005-1
Villegas-Navarro, A., Ramirez-M, Y., Salvader-S, M.S., Gallador, J.M. 2001. Determination of wastewater LC50 of the different processes stages of the textile industry.Ecotoxicological and Environmental Safety 48, 56-61 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.1986
Watnick, P. & Kolter, R. (2000). Mini review: Biofilm, city of microbes. Journal of Bacteriology 182 (10),2675-2679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.10.2675-2679.2000
Yu, J., Wang, X. and Yue, P.L. 2001. Optimal decolourisation and kinetic modelling of Synthetic dyes by Pseudomonas strains. Water Research, 35(15), 3579-3586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00100-2