Main Article Content
Abstract
Impact of glutathione against copper poisoning with special reference to liver through enzymological parameters have been studied in rats. Intake of copper significantly inhibited the activities of phosphatases, dehydrogenases, cholinesterase and lipase, however, alkaline phosphatase activity increased insignificantly. Reversal of key enzymes activity after supplementation of glutathione to copper fed rats reflects a repair in membranes. Other pharmacotoxicological aspects of glutathione are also discussed.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2006 Environment Conservation Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- Beatty, C.H., Bsinger, G.M., Dully, C.C. and Bocek R.M. 1966.Comparison of red and white voluntary skeleton muscle of several species of primates. Histochem.Cytochem. 14 : 590-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14.8.590
- Bernt, E. and Bergmeyer, H.V. 1965. Isocitrate dehydrogenase UV-assay. In : Methods in Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyer H.U. Ed.) Academic Press, New York, 2 : 624-627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50023-2
- Bergmeyer, H.U. and Bernt, E.1975. Lactate dehydrogenase UV-assay. In : Methods in Enzymatic Analysis. (Bergmeyer H.U. Ed.), Academic Press, New York, 2 : 575-579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50011-6
- Bier, M. 1955. In : Methods in Enzymology ( Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O. Eds.), Academic Press, NewYork, 2 : 624-627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(55)01111-7
- Bodansky, A. 1955. In : Methods in Enzymology (Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O. Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1 : 627-632.
- Dalhoff, K. Ranek, L. Mantoni, M. and Poulsen, H.E. 1992.Glutathione treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma Liver, 12 : 341-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00583.x
- Fisher, R.A. 1950. Statistical Methods for Research workers, 11 Ed., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
- Flagg, E.W., Coates, R.J. and Jones, D.P. 1994. Dietary glutathione intake and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer J.Epidemiol 139 : 453-465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117028
- Ishmael, J. Gopinath, C. and McHowell, C. J. 1972. In: Trace elements in human and animal Nutrition
- (Underwood E.J. Ed.), Academic Press, New York, London Res. Vet .Sci. 13 : 22-28.
- Jensen, L.S. and Maurice, D.V.1979. Influence of Sulfur amino acids on copper toxicity in chicks J. Nutr. 92 : 173-178.
- Kumar, A. and Rana, S.V.S. 1982. Simultaneous effects of dietary molybdenum and copper on key enzymes of rat liver. A histochemical study. Industrial Health, 20 : 219-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.20.219
- Kumar, A. and Sharma, C.B. 1987. Hematological indices in copper poisoned rats. Toxicol. Lett. 38 : 275- 278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(87)90009-9
- Kumar, A. Rana, S.V.S. and Sharma , C.B. 1987. Influence of dietary methionine on copper toxicity in rats. Ad. Bios. 6 : 1-8.
- Kumar, A. and Chandra, G. 1989. Effect of hexavalent chromium on the hepatic lipid components and chromium accumulation in rats. Ad. Bios. 8 : 83-89.
- Kumar, A. and Kumar, A.2003. Influence of dietary methionine on hematological indices in chromium poisoned rats. J.Natcon. 15 :191-196.
- Lowry, O.H. Rosenbrough, N.J. Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J.Biol. Chem.193 : 265-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
- Nomiyama, K. Nomiyama, H. and Tsukiji, H. 1985. Health effects of copper sulphate in drinking water in monkey(2) Tissue metals. Jpn.J.Hyg. 40 : 538-542.
- Pontremoli, S. and Melloni, E.1975. In: Methods in Enzymology (Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O.Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 42 : 353-359.
- Rana, S.V.S. and Kumar, A. 1984.Significance of lipid preoxidation in liver injury after heavy metal poisoning in rats. Current Science, 53 : 933-934.
- Rappaport, F., Fischl, J. and Pinto, N. 1959. An improved method for the estimation of cholinesterase activity in serum. Clin. Chim. Acta, 4 : 227-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(59)90134-2
- Reeves, P.G., Rossow, K.L. and Bobilya, D.J.1994. Zinc induced metallothionein and copper metabolism in intestinal mucosa, liver and kidney in rats. Nutr. Res. 14 : 897-908. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80490-7
- Sechi, G. Deledda, M.G. and Bua, G. 1996. Reduced intravenous glutathione in the treatment of early parkinson's disease. Prog. Neuro psycho pharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 20 : 1159-1170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5846(96)00103-0
- Sen, C.K. 1997.Nutritional biochemistry of cellular glutathione. Nutr. Biochem. 8 : 660-672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00113-7
- Swanson, M.A.1955. In : Methods in Enzymology (Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O.Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 2 : 54-59.
References
Beatty, C.H., Bsinger, G.M., Dully, C.C. and Bocek R.M. 1966.Comparison of red and white voluntary skeleton muscle of several species of primates. Histochem.Cytochem. 14 : 590-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14.8.590
Bernt, E. and Bergmeyer, H.V. 1965. Isocitrate dehydrogenase UV-assay. In : Methods in Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyer H.U. Ed.) Academic Press, New York, 2 : 624-627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50023-2
Bergmeyer, H.U. and Bernt, E.1975. Lactate dehydrogenase UV-assay. In : Methods in Enzymatic Analysis. (Bergmeyer H.U. Ed.), Academic Press, New York, 2 : 575-579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50011-6
Bier, M. 1955. In : Methods in Enzymology ( Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O. Eds.), Academic Press, NewYork, 2 : 624-627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(55)01111-7
Bodansky, A. 1955. In : Methods in Enzymology (Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O. Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1 : 627-632.
Dalhoff, K. Ranek, L. Mantoni, M. and Poulsen, H.E. 1992.Glutathione treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma Liver, 12 : 341-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00583.x
Fisher, R.A. 1950. Statistical Methods for Research workers, 11 Ed., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Flagg, E.W., Coates, R.J. and Jones, D.P. 1994. Dietary glutathione intake and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer J.Epidemiol 139 : 453-465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117028
Ishmael, J. Gopinath, C. and McHowell, C. J. 1972. In: Trace elements in human and animal Nutrition
(Underwood E.J. Ed.), Academic Press, New York, London Res. Vet .Sci. 13 : 22-28.
Jensen, L.S. and Maurice, D.V.1979. Influence of Sulfur amino acids on copper toxicity in chicks J. Nutr. 92 : 173-178.
Kumar, A. and Rana, S.V.S. 1982. Simultaneous effects of dietary molybdenum and copper on key enzymes of rat liver. A histochemical study. Industrial Health, 20 : 219-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.20.219
Kumar, A. and Sharma, C.B. 1987. Hematological indices in copper poisoned rats. Toxicol. Lett. 38 : 275- 278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(87)90009-9
Kumar, A. Rana, S.V.S. and Sharma , C.B. 1987. Influence of dietary methionine on copper toxicity in rats. Ad. Bios. 6 : 1-8.
Kumar, A. and Chandra, G. 1989. Effect of hexavalent chromium on the hepatic lipid components and chromium accumulation in rats. Ad. Bios. 8 : 83-89.
Kumar, A. and Kumar, A.2003. Influence of dietary methionine on hematological indices in chromium poisoned rats. J.Natcon. 15 :191-196.
Lowry, O.H. Rosenbrough, N.J. Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J.Biol. Chem.193 : 265-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
Nomiyama, K. Nomiyama, H. and Tsukiji, H. 1985. Health effects of copper sulphate in drinking water in monkey(2) Tissue metals. Jpn.J.Hyg. 40 : 538-542.
Pontremoli, S. and Melloni, E.1975. In: Methods in Enzymology (Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O.Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 42 : 353-359.
Rana, S.V.S. and Kumar, A. 1984.Significance of lipid preoxidation in liver injury after heavy metal poisoning in rats. Current Science, 53 : 933-934.
Rappaport, F., Fischl, J. and Pinto, N. 1959. An improved method for the estimation of cholinesterase activity in serum. Clin. Chim. Acta, 4 : 227-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(59)90134-2
Reeves, P.G., Rossow, K.L. and Bobilya, D.J.1994. Zinc induced metallothionein and copper metabolism in intestinal mucosa, liver and kidney in rats. Nutr. Res. 14 : 897-908. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80490-7
Sechi, G. Deledda, M.G. and Bua, G. 1996. Reduced intravenous glutathione in the treatment of early parkinson's disease. Prog. Neuro psycho pharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 20 : 1159-1170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5846(96)00103-0
Sen, C.K. 1997.Nutritional biochemistry of cellular glutathione. Nutr. Biochem. 8 : 660-672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00113-7
Swanson, M.A.1955. In : Methods in Enzymology (Colowick S.P. and Kaplan N.O.Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 2 : 54-59.