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Abstract
The optimum size of non-convective zone of a Salt Gradient Solar Pond is determined from the heat balance considerations of the storage zone. The equation governing heat flow in storage zone are simplified considering a linear heat flow through the storage zone to the upper convective zone.The radiation absorption in pond liqui d is estimated c onsideri ng the effect of various Environ mental parameters in pon d like turbidity and biological growth in it. This has made the analysis more confirming to the real work situation for a pond. The ambient parameter like temperature and radiation are accounted to vary hourly. One significant observation is that the influence of turbidity on pond’s performance is so drastic that at turbidity value higher than 0.8\NTU, the optimum Non-Convective Zone (NCZ) size is not obtained analytically.
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Copyright (c) 2007 Environment Conservation Journal
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References
- Agha, K.R., S.M. Abughres and A.M. Ramdan, 2004. Design Methodology for a salt gradient solar pond coupled with an evaporation pond. Solar Energy, 73(5):447-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(02)00021-X
- Amonon Enav, 2004. Solar Energy Research and Development Achievements in Israel and Their Practical Significance. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 126(3): 921-928. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1758246
- Angeli, C. and Leonardi, E., 2004. One-dimensional numerical study of the salt diffusion in a salinity- gradient solar pond. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47(1):1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00410-1
- Angeli, C. and Leonardi, E., 2005. The effect of thermo diffusion on the stability of a salinity gradient solar pond. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48:4633-4639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.05.021
- Duffie, J.A. and W.A. Beckman, 1981. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. John Wiley:78-80. Hull, J.R., 1980. Computer Simulation of Solar Pond Thermal Behavior. Solar Energy. 25,33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(80)90404-1
- Hull, J.R., 1982. Calculation of solar pond thermal efficiency with a diffusively reflecting bottom. Solar Energy, 29 (5):385-389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(82)90074-3
- Husain, M., Patil, S.R., Patil, P.S. and Samdarshi, S.K., 2003. Optimum size of non-convective zone for improved Thermal Performance of Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Solar Energy, 45: 73-81.
- Husain, M., Patil, S.R., Patil, P.S. and Samdarshi, S.K., 2004. Combined Effect of Water Turbidity and Bottom Reflectivity on Thermal Performance of Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Energy Conversion & Management, 45: 73-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00123-7
- Husain, M., Patil, S.R., Patil, P.S. and Samdarshi. S.K., 2004. Simple Methods for Estimation of Radiation Flux in Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Energy Conversion & Management, 45:303-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00122-5
- Huseyin kurt and Mehmet Ozkaymark, 2006. Performance evaluation of a small-scale sodium carbonate salt gradient solar pond. International Journal of Energy Research, 30(11):905-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1193
- Huanmin Lu, Andrew, H.P., Swift, Hobert, D. Hein, 2004. Jr and John Walton. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 126(2): 759-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1667977
- Jaefarzadeh, M.R., 2004. Thermal behavior of a small salinity-gradient solar pond with wall shading effect. Solar Energy, 77(3): 281-290, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.05.013
- Kooi, C.F., 1979. The Steady state salt gradient solar pond. Solar Energy, 25:7-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(79)90041-0
- Kooi, C.F., 1981. Salt gradient solar pond with reflective bottom: application to the ‘saturated’ pond. Solar Energy,26:113-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(81)90073-6
- Mani, A. and S. Rangrajan, 1982. Solar Radiation Over India. Allied Publishers Private Limited, NewDelhi, India.
- Ouni, M., A. Guizani, H. Lu. and A. Belghith, 2003. Simulation of the control of a salt gradient solar pond in the south of Tunisia. Solar Energy, 75(2): 95-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.07.011
- Punyasena, M.A., C.D. Amarasekara, J.R.P. Jayakody, P.A.A. Perera and P. Ehamparam, 2003. An investigation of rain and wind effects on thermal stability of large-area saltpan solar pond. Solar Energy,74(6):447-451. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00227-5
- Singh, T.P., A.K. Singh and N.D. Kaushika, 1994. Investigations of thermodynamic instabilities and ground storage in a solar pond by simulation model. Heat Recovery Systems & CHP., 14(4):401-407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(94)90043-4
- Sugandhi, S., Saxena, A. K. and Husain, M., 2006. Influence of Turbidity on Optimum Size of Non- Convective Zone of Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Energy Conversion & Management, Communicated.
- Sukhatme, S.P., 1994. Solar Energy-Principles of thermal storage and collection. Tata McGraw Hill publishing co., New Delhi, India .
- Tybout, R.A., 1966.A recursive alternate to Weinberger’s model of the solar pond. Solar Energy, 11:109-111. Wang, J. and S. Yagoobi, 1994. Effect of Water Turbidity and Salt Concentration Levels on Penetration of Solar Radiation Under Water. Solar Energy, 52(5): 429-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(94)90120-Q
- Wang, J. and S. Yagoobi, 1995. Effect of Water Turbidity on Thermal Performance of a Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Solar Energy, 54(5): 301-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(94)00134-Y
- Weinberger, H., 1964. The physics of the solar pond, Solar Energy, 8: 45-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(64)90046-5
- Zangrando, F., 1991. On the hydrodynamics of salt gradient solar ponds, Solar Energy, 46(6):323-341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(91)90048-2
References
Agha, K.R., S.M. Abughres and A.M. Ramdan, 2004. Design Methodology for a salt gradient solar pond coupled with an evaporation pond. Solar Energy, 73(5):447-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(02)00021-X
Amonon Enav, 2004. Solar Energy Research and Development Achievements in Israel and Their Practical Significance. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 126(3): 921-928. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1758246
Angeli, C. and Leonardi, E., 2004. One-dimensional numerical study of the salt diffusion in a salinity- gradient solar pond. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47(1):1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00410-1
Angeli, C. and Leonardi, E., 2005. The effect of thermo diffusion on the stability of a salinity gradient solar pond. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48:4633-4639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.05.021
Duffie, J.A. and W.A. Beckman, 1981. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. John Wiley:78-80. Hull, J.R., 1980. Computer Simulation of Solar Pond Thermal Behavior. Solar Energy. 25,33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(80)90404-1
Hull, J.R., 1982. Calculation of solar pond thermal efficiency with a diffusively reflecting bottom. Solar Energy, 29 (5):385-389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(82)90074-3
Husain, M., Patil, S.R., Patil, P.S. and Samdarshi, S.K., 2003. Optimum size of non-convective zone for improved Thermal Performance of Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Solar Energy, 45: 73-81.
Husain, M., Patil, S.R., Patil, P.S. and Samdarshi, S.K., 2004. Combined Effect of Water Turbidity and Bottom Reflectivity on Thermal Performance of Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Energy Conversion & Management, 45: 73-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00123-7
Husain, M., Patil, S.R., Patil, P.S. and Samdarshi. S.K., 2004. Simple Methods for Estimation of Radiation Flux in Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Energy Conversion & Management, 45:303-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00122-5
Huseyin kurt and Mehmet Ozkaymark, 2006. Performance evaluation of a small-scale sodium carbonate salt gradient solar pond. International Journal of Energy Research, 30(11):905-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1193
Huanmin Lu, Andrew, H.P., Swift, Hobert, D. Hein, 2004. Jr and John Walton. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 126(2): 759-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1667977
Jaefarzadeh, M.R., 2004. Thermal behavior of a small salinity-gradient solar pond with wall shading effect. Solar Energy, 77(3): 281-290, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.05.013
Kooi, C.F., 1979. The Steady state salt gradient solar pond. Solar Energy, 25:7-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(79)90041-0
Kooi, C.F., 1981. Salt gradient solar pond with reflective bottom: application to the ‘saturated’ pond. Solar Energy,26:113-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(81)90073-6
Mani, A. and S. Rangrajan, 1982. Solar Radiation Over India. Allied Publishers Private Limited, NewDelhi, India.
Ouni, M., A. Guizani, H. Lu. and A. Belghith, 2003. Simulation of the control of a salt gradient solar pond in the south of Tunisia. Solar Energy, 75(2): 95-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.07.011
Punyasena, M.A., C.D. Amarasekara, J.R.P. Jayakody, P.A.A. Perera and P. Ehamparam, 2003. An investigation of rain and wind effects on thermal stability of large-area saltpan solar pond. Solar Energy,74(6):447-451. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00227-5
Singh, T.P., A.K. Singh and N.D. Kaushika, 1994. Investigations of thermodynamic instabilities and ground storage in a solar pond by simulation model. Heat Recovery Systems & CHP., 14(4):401-407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(94)90043-4
Sugandhi, S., Saxena, A. K. and Husain, M., 2006. Influence of Turbidity on Optimum Size of Non- Convective Zone of Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Energy Conversion & Management, Communicated.
Sukhatme, S.P., 1994. Solar Energy-Principles of thermal storage and collection. Tata McGraw Hill publishing co., New Delhi, India .
Tybout, R.A., 1966.A recursive alternate to Weinberger’s model of the solar pond. Solar Energy, 11:109-111. Wang, J. and S. Yagoobi, 1994. Effect of Water Turbidity and Salt Concentration Levels on Penetration of Solar Radiation Under Water. Solar Energy, 52(5): 429-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(94)90120-Q
Wang, J. and S. Yagoobi, 1995. Effect of Water Turbidity on Thermal Performance of a Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Solar Energy, 54(5): 301-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(94)00134-Y
Weinberger, H., 1964. The physics of the solar pond, Solar Energy, 8: 45-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(64)90046-5
Zangrando, F., 1991. On the hydrodynamics of salt gradient solar ponds, Solar Energy, 46(6):323-341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(91)90048-2