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Abstract
The Panipat region is well known textile industrial zone of Northern India and have a large number of dye houses and textile processes units. The dyeing house industries uses a large volume of water for wet dip coloring process and draine most of the waste water as effluent. The effluent containing composite mixture of different pollutant in terms of heavy metals. Metal accumulation in sediments provides a record of the spatial and temporal history of pollution from surface water to ground water. The dispersion of heavy metals from textile effluents to adjoining pond system ultimately affect quality of water. The present study revealed that pond sediment found highly polluted regarding heavy metals load. Transfer factor for Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb was found very high in pond through open effluent drainage system.
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References
- APHA, 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association, 19th edition, 1015, Fifteenth Street, NW. pp: (1-1)–(10-150).
- Aslam, M.M., Baig, M.A., Hassan, I., Qazi, I.A., Malik, M. and Saeed, H., 2004. Textile wastewater characterization and reduction of its COD and BOD by oxidation. Electron. J. Environ. Agri. Food Chem., 3(6): 804-811.
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- Bharti, P.K., 2007. Effect of textile industrial effluents on ground water and soil quality in Panipat region (Haryana). Ph.D. Thesis, submitted to Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar.
- Bordas, S. and Bourg, C.M., 1998. A critical evaluation of sample pretreatment of contaminated sediments to be investigated for the potential mobility of their heavy metal load. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 103: 137-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004952608950
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- Forstner, U. and Wittman, G.T.W., 1981. Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Second ed. Springer, Berlin. pp: 486.
- Korfali, S.I. and Davies, B.D.E., 2004. The relationship of metals in river sediments ( Nahr-Ibrahim, Lebanon) and adjacent floodplain soil, the CIGR J. of scientific research and development, manuscript LW 04 010, 6: 1-22.
- Kudesia, V.P., 1992. Water Pollution. Pragati Prakashan, Meerut. pp: 407.
- Lokeshwari, H. and Chandrappa, G.T., 2006. Impact of heavy metal contamination of Bellandur Lake on soil and cultivated vegetation. Current Science, 91(9): 622-627.
- Malik, D.S., Bharti, P.K. and Sumit Grover, 2006. Alteration in surface water quality near textile industries at Panipat (Haryana). Environment Conservation J., 7(2): 65-68.
- Mani, V., Kaur, H. and Mohini, M., 2005. Toxic metals and environmental pollution. J. Ind. Poll. Cont., 21(1): 101-107.
- Muller, G., 1979. Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheinsveranderungen seit, Umschau, 79: 778-783.
- Nasr, S.M., Okbah, M.A. and Kasem, S.M., 2006. Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollution in bottom sediments ofAden port, Yemen. International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, 1(1): 99-109.
- Trivedi, R.K. and Goel, P.K., 1984. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies Karad. Environmental publication. pp: 1-251.
- Vaidge, A.A. and Datye, K.V., 1982. Environment pollution during chemical processing of synthetic fibers. Colourage, 14: 3- 10.
- Vazquez, N.N., Gil, J.L., Esteves, and Narvarte, M.A., 2007. Monitoring heavy metal pollution in San Antonio Bay, Rio Negro. Argentina, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., DOI- 10.1007/s001 28-007-9084-z.
- WHO, 2006. Standards for drinking water, available at http//:www.lenntech.com
- Zollinger, H., 1987. Colour chemistry synthesis properties and application of organic dyes and pigment. New York VCH. pp: 275.
References
APHA, 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association, 19th edition, 1015, Fifteenth Street, NW. pp: (1-1)–(10-150).
Aslam, M.M., Baig, M.A., Hassan, I., Qazi, I.A., Malik, M. and Saeed, H., 2004. Textile wastewater characterization and reduction of its COD and BOD by oxidation. Electron. J. Environ. Agri. Food Chem., 3(6): 804-811.
Baruah, N.K., Kotoki, P., Bhattacharya, K.G. and Borah, G.C., 1996. Metal speciation in Jhanjhi river sediments. Sci. Total Environ., 193: 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(96)05318-1
Bharti, P.K., 2007. Effect of textile industrial effluents on ground water and soil quality in Panipat region (Haryana). Ph.D. Thesis, submitted to Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar.
Bordas, S. and Bourg, C.M., 1998. A critical evaluation of sample pretreatment of contaminated sediments to be investigated for the potential mobility of their heavy metal load. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 103: 137-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004952608950
Forstner, U., 1985. Chemical forms and reactivities of metals in sediments in chemical methods for assessing bioavailable metals in sludge and soils. In: Leschber, R., Davies, R.D. and Hermite, L.P. (Eds), Elsevier, London. pp: 1-30.
Forstner, U. and Wittman, G.T.W., 1981. Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Second ed. Springer, Berlin. pp: 486.
Korfali, S.I. and Davies, B.D.E., 2004. The relationship of metals in river sediments ( Nahr-Ibrahim, Lebanon) and adjacent floodplain soil, the CIGR J. of scientific research and development, manuscript LW 04 010, 6: 1-22.
Kudesia, V.P., 1992. Water Pollution. Pragati Prakashan, Meerut. pp: 407.
Lokeshwari, H. and Chandrappa, G.T., 2006. Impact of heavy metal contamination of Bellandur Lake on soil and cultivated vegetation. Current Science, 91(9): 622-627.
Malik, D.S., Bharti, P.K. and Sumit Grover, 2006. Alteration in surface water quality near textile industries at Panipat (Haryana). Environment Conservation J., 7(2): 65-68.
Mani, V., Kaur, H. and Mohini, M., 2005. Toxic metals and environmental pollution. J. Ind. Poll. Cont., 21(1): 101-107.
Muller, G., 1979. Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheinsveranderungen seit, Umschau, 79: 778-783.
Nasr, S.M., Okbah, M.A. and Kasem, S.M., 2006. Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollution in bottom sediments ofAden port, Yemen. International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, 1(1): 99-109.
Trivedi, R.K. and Goel, P.K., 1984. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies Karad. Environmental publication. pp: 1-251.
Vaidge, A.A. and Datye, K.V., 1982. Environment pollution during chemical processing of synthetic fibers. Colourage, 14: 3- 10.
Vazquez, N.N., Gil, J.L., Esteves, and Narvarte, M.A., 2007. Monitoring heavy metal pollution in San Antonio Bay, Rio Negro. Argentina, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., DOI- 10.1007/s001 28-007-9084-z.
WHO, 2006. Standards for drinking water, available at http//:www.lenntech.com
Zollinger, H., 1987. Colour chemistry synthesis properties and application of organic dyes and pigment. New York VCH. pp: 275.