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Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial activity of Juniperus communis against seven bacterial species. Aqueous extract either cold or water does not have any activity against all tested bacteria strains. However methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, petroleum ether was active against Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus but has no activity against Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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References
- Beckett, K. and Beckett, G., 1979. Planting Native Trees and Shrubs. Jarrold & Sons Ltd, Norwich.
- Chevallier, A., 1996.The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling indersley. London.
- Chiej, R., 1984. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald.
- Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L. and Chopra, I.C., 1986. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
- Coopoosamy, R.M. and Magwa, M.L., 2007. Traditional use, antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of crude extract of Aloe excelsa. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (20): 2406-2410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2377
- Farnsworth, N.R., 1984. The role of medicinal plants in drug development. Natural products and drug development. In: Krogsgaard-Larsen, P., S.B.Christensen and H.Kofod (Eds.). Munksgaard International Publisher Ltd, Copenhagen, Denmark. pp: 17-30.
- Genders, R., 1994. Scented flora of the world. Robert Hale, London.
- Grieve. 1984. A Modern Herbal. Penguin, London.
- Iwu, M.W., Duncan, A.R. and Okunji, C.O.,1999. New antimicrobials of plant origin. In: Ianick J. (Ed). Perspectives on new crops and new uses, Alexandria, V.A: ASHS Press, pp: 457-462.
- Karman, I., Sahin, F., Gulluce, M., Ogutcu, H., Sengul, M. and Adiguzel, A., 2003. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. J. of Ethanopharmacology, 85: 231-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00006-0
- Launert, E., 1981. Edible and Medicinal Plants. Hamlyn, London Lust. J., 1983. The Herb Book. Bantam books, New York.
- Mills, S.Y., 1985. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalism.Wellingborough: Thorsons
- Mossa, J.S., El-Feraly, F.S. and Muhammad, I., 2004. Antimycobacterial constituents from Juniperus procera, Ferula communis and Plumbago zeylanica and their in vitro synergistic activity with isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Phytother Res., 18: 934-937. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1420
- Mossa, J.S., Muhammad I., El-Feraly F.S. and Hufford, C.D., 1992. 3â-12-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene-1-one and other constituents from Juniperus excelsa leaves. Phytochemistry, 31: 2789–2792. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83631-8
- Muhammad I., Mossa J.S., Al-Yahya, M.A., Ramadan, A.F. and El-Feraly, F.S., 1995. Further antibacterial diterpenes from the bark and leaves of Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. Phytother Res., 9: 584-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650090810
- Muhammad, I., Mossa, J.S. and El-Feraly, F.S., 1992. Antibacterial diterpenes from the leaves and seeds of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. Phytother Res., 6: 261-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650060508
- Muhammad, I., Mossa, J.S. and El-Feraly, F.S., 1996. Additional antibacterial diterpenes from the bark of Juniperus procera. Phytother Res., 10: 604-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199611)10:7<604::AID-PTR922>3.0.CO;2-C
- Phillips, R. and Foy, N., 1990. Herbs. Pan Books Ltd. London.
- Stefanovic, O., Stanojevic, D., Comic, L.J., Matovic, M. and Curcic, S., 2007. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Juniperus communis L. and Influence on Growth and Metabolism of Certain Bacteria. eCAM, 4(S1): 55-58.
- Uphof, J.C., 1959. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim 1959. An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants.
References
Beckett, K. and Beckett, G., 1979. Planting Native Trees and Shrubs. Jarrold & Sons Ltd, Norwich.
Chevallier, A., 1996.The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling indersley. London.
Chiej, R., 1984. Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants. MacDonald.
Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L. and Chopra, I.C., 1986. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
Coopoosamy, R.M. and Magwa, M.L., 2007. Traditional use, antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of crude extract of Aloe excelsa. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (20): 2406-2410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2377
Farnsworth, N.R., 1984. The role of medicinal plants in drug development. Natural products and drug development. In: Krogsgaard-Larsen, P., S.B.Christensen and H.Kofod (Eds.). Munksgaard International Publisher Ltd, Copenhagen, Denmark. pp: 17-30.
Genders, R., 1994. Scented flora of the world. Robert Hale, London.
Grieve. 1984. A Modern Herbal. Penguin, London.
Iwu, M.W., Duncan, A.R. and Okunji, C.O.,1999. New antimicrobials of plant origin. In: Ianick J. (Ed). Perspectives on new crops and new uses, Alexandria, V.A: ASHS Press, pp: 457-462.
Karman, I., Sahin, F., Gulluce, M., Ogutcu, H., Sengul, M. and Adiguzel, A., 2003. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. J. of Ethanopharmacology, 85: 231-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00006-0
Launert, E., 1981. Edible and Medicinal Plants. Hamlyn, London Lust. J., 1983. The Herb Book. Bantam books, New York.
Mills, S.Y., 1985. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalism.Wellingborough: Thorsons
Mossa, J.S., El-Feraly, F.S. and Muhammad, I., 2004. Antimycobacterial constituents from Juniperus procera, Ferula communis and Plumbago zeylanica and their in vitro synergistic activity with isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Phytother Res., 18: 934-937. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1420
Mossa, J.S., Muhammad I., El-Feraly F.S. and Hufford, C.D., 1992. 3â-12-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene-1-one and other constituents from Juniperus excelsa leaves. Phytochemistry, 31: 2789–2792. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83631-8
Muhammad I., Mossa J.S., Al-Yahya, M.A., Ramadan, A.F. and El-Feraly, F.S., 1995. Further antibacterial diterpenes from the bark and leaves of Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. Phytother Res., 9: 584-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650090810
Muhammad, I., Mossa, J.S. and El-Feraly, F.S., 1992. Antibacterial diterpenes from the leaves and seeds of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. Phytother Res., 6: 261-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650060508
Muhammad, I., Mossa, J.S. and El-Feraly, F.S., 1996. Additional antibacterial diterpenes from the bark of Juniperus procera. Phytother Res., 10: 604-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199611)10:7<604::AID-PTR922>3.0.CO;2-C
Phillips, R. and Foy, N., 1990. Herbs. Pan Books Ltd. London.
Stefanovic, O., Stanojevic, D., Comic, L.J., Matovic, M. and Curcic, S., 2007. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Juniperus communis L. and Influence on Growth and Metabolism of Certain Bacteria. eCAM, 4(S1): 55-58.
Uphof, J.C., 1959. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim 1959. An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants.